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had it all their own way, and they uttered a cry of indignation when they were rudely checked up by Science; in the present day the Scientists appear to have it very much their way, and some of them, accordingly, fall into that overweening dogmatism and those indiscretions which characterized the reign of the Theologians.

With regard to the references to Christianity and the Bible in some of the earlier chapters, I thought them pertinent to any discussion of the origin of man, involving, as the Bible does, not only a professed revelation on the subject, but also historical statements of great antiquity.

There is a certain want of ingenuousness among many literary and scientific men with regard to the historical books of the Hebrew Scriptures which is reprehensible, and for which I have little respect. They studiously avoid all mention of these documents, when if they had been discovered in the valley of the Euphrates or the Nile they would receive great attention. I do not recollect that the "Antiquity of Man" ever recognizes that the book of Genesis is in existence; and yet every one is perfectly conscious that the author has it in mind, and is writing at it all the time.

It is not considered dignified, nor exactly in good taste, to make such allusions.

I venture to violate this canon of letters. I have said in a plain way whatever seemed to me to bear on my subject, treating Moses as I would treat Herodotus.

It is impossible in this question of the antiquity of man to ignore, or be indifferent to, the statements of the Pentateuch; and Englishmen and Americans do not in fact forget them. Affectation in a scientific work is specially

out of place; such a work should be characterized by the most thorough candor and by no suppressed prejudices.

If I have succeeded in establishing the very recent origin of the human race, the effect of the evidence reaches farther than the position of pre-historic archæology: it bears upon Mr. Darwin's views; for, if, as I contend, primeval man commenced his career six or eight thousand years ago in a civilized condition in the temperate regions of the East, and there are no human traces behind these, the doctrine of evolution, so far as man is concerned, is at once negatived. Even the man of Solutré, in Eastern France, the cotemporary of the mammoth, and who, as I have attempted to show, occupied that station only a few thousand years ago, had apparently domesticated the horse, and, in the words of M. PrunerBey, "est constitué homme dans toute la force du terme," -with regard to whom "rien dans son physique n'indique un rapprochement avec les Simiens." Behind this hunter tribe who have left their remains in the sepultures and refuse-heaps of this paleolithic village, we find—nothing; in other words, Palæolithic Man in Western Europethough not civilized—was an intelligent savage like our Esquimaux or Red Indians; and neither Archæology nor Geology has detected any earlier human form. Such a man-civilized in Egypt-uncivilized, but employing horses, making pottery, executing such drawings as that represented in our frontispiece, in Europe-appeared abruptly on the scene a few thousand years ago,-ten, if you choose. As the facts stand, I think Mr. Darwin will find it a difficult matter to procure from the quaternary and tertiary deposits a sufficient number of earlier human

types and pithecoid types, to connect the man of the Pyramids and the French River-Gravels with the brute creation.

I wish, in conclusion, to express the great obligations I have been under in the preparation of this volume to Prof. Edmund Andrews of the University of Chicago. He was kind enough in the beginning to read my manuscript, and to encourage me in its publication, and he has read the proof-sheets and corresponded with me as the work has been passing through the press. To him I am indebted for many important hints and much valuable information, which I have sometimes, but not always, recognized.

My thanks are also due to Professors Schele de Vere and Holmes of the University of Virginia, and to W. H. Ruffner, Esq., Superintendent of Public Instruction in Virginia, for their kind help in assisting me to read the proof-sheets.

RICHMOND, VA., March, 1875.

JAMES C. SOUTHALL.

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