OFFICE, registered, of

corporations, 272-273.
Officers of corporations,
under New York Com-
panies' Act, 282-283;
liable for misrepresenta-
tions, 284.

Oil (see crude oil, petro-
leum).
Organization and manage-
ment, methods of, chapter
vii., 108-129; financiering
and, of combinations, 87-
90; provisions of New
York Companies' Act con-
cerning promotion, 291-
296; social organization,
effect of large combina-
tions upon, 194-206.
Organizations of labor (see
unions).
Over-capitalization, 98, 103-
107, 239-240 (see capi-
talization).

by industrial combina-
tions, 33-36, 241, 248.
Overreaching, by combina-
tions generally, 70–71;
by the whiskey combina-
tions, 149.

P

PACKAGES,

increased
price of, affects price
of oil, 154-155.
Parent corporation, organ-
ization of constituent con-
cerns under a, 117-124,
309.
Patents, legal monopolies
made possible by, 56, 59,
170, 220-221; proposed
substitute for, 220-221.
Pay of promoter, 80-81, 87-
96, 240, 248; of financier
or underwriter, 91–94 (see
financier, promoter).
Penalty for delinquent of-
ficials under New York
Companies' Act, 289–290.
Petroleum, discovery of new

fields of, 156-157; prices
of, 150-157, and diagram
facing 150 (see crude oil,
independent producers of
oil, Standard Oil Com-
pany).

Pig-iron, increased price of,
159.

Pipe lines, arbitrary action

of Standard Oil Company
in crushing rival, 155
(see Standard Oil Com-
pany).

binations, 34, 176-177,
186-187, 196, 215.
Political and social effects of
industrial combinations,
chapter x., 190-211; evil,
of corruption of legis-
latures and courts by
corporations, 190-194,
246.

Pools, forms of, 108-112; in
coal, 110-III; in pipe,
109; in whiskey, 33-34,
108-109, 147; in wire
nails, 61-62, 166 (see
agreements limiting com-
petition).

Post, James H., 140, 143,
145.

Potential competition, 61-

72 (see competition).
Power of combinations, as
against employees, 176-
182; to lower moral tone
of business, 216; monop-
olistic, should be held in
check by society, 211, 269,
306.

Preferred stock (see stock).
Premiums, use of, in adver-

tising, 28-29.

Press, exaggeration of legis-
lative corruption by the,
192.

Prices, chapter viii., 130-
170; agreements affecting
(see agreements limiting
competition, pools); dia-
grams illustrating prices
of petroleum, steel, sugar,
tin plate, whiskey, facing
133, 146, 150, 157, 165;
character of goods affects
competition in, 14-16;|

competition does not al-
ways fix, II-14; competi-
tive, and monopoly, 22;
competitive, usually high,
21; effect of European
combinations upon, 240-
241; export, 151, 241-
243; fluctuations in, under
unrestricted competition,
140-141; monopoly, fac-
tors which determine, 59-
72; monopoly, checked by
combination court,
normal, basis of, 141;
over-capitalization induces
high, 105; petroleum, 150-
157; steel and wire, 165-
170; sugar, 133-146; tariff
and, 241-244; tin plate,
157-164; whiskey, 146–
150.
Production,

253;

increase of,
under combination, 186;
restriction of, 33-36, 186-
187, 241, 248 (see agree-
ments limiting competi-
tion); small scale produc-
tion no longer possible,
200-206.

Profits, legislative restriction
of, to a normal rate, 189;
of American Sugar Refin-
ing Company, 136; of
Standard Oil Company,
72, 173.

Promoter and financier, chap-
ter v., 77-97; definition of
promoter, 77; misrepresen-
tations of, 214; pay of, 80-
81, 87-96, 240, 248; pro-
visions of New York Com-
panies' Act concerning,
291-296; responsibility of

bination of producers of
products at different stages
of manufacture, 117-124,
309; waste of, 133, 144,
154 (see by-products).
Rebates (see freights, dis-
criminations in).
Refining sugar, estimates of
cost of, 143.
Registered office of corpora-
tions, 272-273.
Registration agent of cor-
porations, 272-273.
Regulation of corporations,
attempted by United States
and many States, 217-219;
desirable, 222, 225-226;
proposed plans for regu-
lation of combinations,
appendices A, B, C, D,
E, 257-307.
Reid, Daniel E., 158.
Reincorporation, provision
for, 278.

Remedy, for corruption of
legislatures by corpora-
tions, 193-194; for evils
of industrial combinations,
105-107, 217-227, appen-
dices A, B, C, D, E, 257–
307.
Reorganization of the trusts,
forms of, 112-116.
Reports of corporations, of-

ten unsatisfactory, 126;
suitable, needed to protect
stockholders, 223, 259;
under New York Com-
panies' Act, 302-304.
Responsibility to superiors,
the rule under present con-
ditions, 204-205.
Restraint of trade, common

SALARIES of officers of
corporations, under New
York Companies' Act, 283-
284.

Sale of stock, usual method
of, 91-97.
Salesmen, necessity of, when
competition prevails, 23-
27; possible saving in,
under combination, 24,
26-27, 182-183, 230 (see
employees, labor, wages).
Savings of combination, dis-
position of, 130-131, 171-
189; possible, 21-43, 153–
154, 213, 229-230.
Schwab, Charles M., 314-
315.
Self-direction, individual,
whether destroyed by large
combinations, 194-207,

216.

Selling bureau, the usual
form of combination in
Europe, 233.

Services, issuance of stock
for, 78-81, 87-96.
Sherman act of 1890, 127.
Shoddy goods, encourage-
ment of manufacture of,
by excessive competition,
198.
Small scale production, pre-
vention of, by combina-
tions, 200-206.

Smelters, strike by, in Colo-
rado, 177.

Smith, E. J., plan for avoid-
ing strikes, 187-188; form
of combination originated
by, 235-239, 245.
Social, control, should be
exercised over trusts, 211;
effect, resulting from ille-
gitimate relations between
bankers and combinations,
96-97; organization, ef-
fect of large corporations
upon, 194-206; political
and social effects of com-
bination, 190-211, 246;
social standards at fault,
193.
Society, monopolistic power

of, 94-95; speculative or-
ganization probably wan-
ing, 95.
Spirits, price of, how re-

lated to price of corn, 147.
Spreckels, Claus, 137, 139.
Standard Distilling and Dis-
tributing Company, organ-
ization and financiering of,
87, 92 (see Distilling Com-
pany of America).
Standard Oil Company, ac-

should be held in check
by, 211, 269, 306.
Sources of information, of
́author, 3-4.
South Improvement Com-
pany, 156.
Speculation, by directors, at
expense of stockholders,
214; furthered by conceal-
ment of state of business,
126; furthered by over-
capitalization, 103.
Speculative character of in-
dustrial stocks, one cause

count of, in connection
with prices of oil, 152-156;
advantages of as a capi-
talistic monopoly, 72, from
location of refineries, 32,
in freight shipments, 52-
55; arbitrary actions of, in
crushing rival pipe lines
and controlling price of
crude oil, 155-156; com-
petitors of, form voting
trusts, 116; development
of foreign market by, 75;
dividends of, 155; form,
original of, 111-112, un-
der reorganization, 113-
115; natural monopoly
possessed by, through con-
trol of pipe lines, 58;
prices of oil furnished by,
150; Pure Oil Company,
competition with, 152;
utilization of by-products
by, 153-154; wages paid
and treatment of employ-
ees, 172-173 (see inde-
pendent producers, petro-
leum).

State legislation against

trusts, 217-219; statutes,
extend common law rule