The History of BrazilBrazil is a vast, complex country with great potential but an uneven history. This engaging study will introduce readers to the history of Brazil from its origins to today. It emphasizes current issues and problems, including the country's return to democracy after more than two decades of harsh military rule and the economic consequences of adopting free-market policies as part of the creation of the global marketplace. Levine, a noted Brazilianist, explains the legacy of slavery on race relations, the stubborn persistence of barriers to upward mobility, and the characteristics of Brazil's exuberant culture. The author draws not only from a broad array of traditional sources but from oral histories and postings on the Internet. The history of Brazil unfolds in narrative chronological chapters beginning with the Portuguese conquest, then moving on to the colonial period, Independence, the nineteenth-century monarchy--the only one in Latin America--the Republic, the nationalist regime under Vargas, the eclipse of democracy under military rule in the 1960s and 1970s, and the current democratically elected government under Cardoso, who was elected in 1998 to his second term. Short biographical sketches of 40 prominent Brazilians, a glossary of Portuguese terms, and a bibliographical essay add reference value to this work. This is the only up-to-date history of Brazil, current through 1999. |
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The history of Brazil
Kasutaja arvustus - Not Available - Book VerdictWith over 3 million square miles of territory and 4,600 miles of shoreline, Brazil is the fifth largest nation in the world. In this impressively concise history, Levine, the director for the Center ... Read full review
Contents
| 1 | |
Early Brazil 15001822 | 31 |
Independence and Empire 18221889 | 55 |
The Republic 18891930 | 77 |
The Vargas Era 19301954 | 97 |
Dictatorship and Democracy 19541998 | 121 |
Political Culture | 147 |
Social and Economic Realities | 167 |
Notable People in the History of Brazil | 185 |
Glossary of Selected Terms | 191 |
Bibliographic Essay | 195 |
Index | 203 |
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Common terms and phrases
African America armed bank became become blacks Brazil Brazilian called capital Cardoso Catholic century Church cities coast coffee colonial considered constitution continued culture early economic effort election elite especially established Europe European fact families federal followed forces foreign forest French gold groups half immigrants important independence Indians industrial Italy known labor lack land late later lived major military million Minas Gerais movement organized Party percent permitted persons police political poor popular population Portugal Portuguese president production programs progress protection race reform regime region remained Republic result Rio de Janeiro rural Sao Paulo schools ship slaves social South Spanish successful term thousand took trade turn unions United University urban Vargas Vargas's vote wages women workers
Popular passages
Page 37 - Christians, nobles, and people of Maranhao, do you know what God wants of you during this Lent? That you break the chains of injustice and let free those whom you have captive and oppressed. These are the sins of Maranhao; these are what God commanded me to denounce to you. Christians, God commanded me to clarify these matters to you and so I do it. All of you are in mortal sin; all of you live in a state of condemnation; and all of you are going directly to Hell. Indeed, many are there now and you...
Page 40 - King, by the Grace of God, of Portugal, and of the Algarves, both on this side the sea and beyond it in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of the Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India.
Page 37 - Indian will be your slave for the few days that he lives; and your soul will be a slave for eternity, as long as God is God. This is the contract that the devil makes with you. Not only do you accept it but you pay him money on top of it. Christians, nobles, and people of Maranhao, do you know what God wants of you during this Lent? That you break the chains of injustice and let free those whom you have captive and oppressed. These are the sins of Maranhao; these are what God commanded me to denounce...
Page 35 - ... biting of certain poisonous animals. And in consequence of this many lose their organs which break through lack of attention, and they remain eunuchs. They have no cloth either of wool, linen or cotton, since they need it not; neither do they have goods of their own, but all things are held in common. They live together without king, without government, and each is his own master.
Page 50 - Without severe punishment against the blacks it could happen one day that this captaincy shall become a pitiable stage for their evil deeds and that which occurred at Palmares in Pernambuco will be repeated; or even worse for the freedom which the blacks of this captaincy have [is] unlike that in other parts of America, certainly it is not true slavery the manner in which they live today as it more appropriately...
Page 80 - Canudos, or Belo Monte, was a religious settlement founded by a pious lay Catholic mystic, Antonio Vicente Mendes Maciel (1830—1897), known to his followers as Antonio Conselheiro (the Counsellor). Belo Monte took form on the grounds of an abandoned cattle ranch owned by the Jeremoabo clan in the parched backlands interior of the state of Bahia. The region was afflicted by a severe climate and generally barren terrain that intimidated visitors.
Page 81 - ... had been traumatized by deprivation and by the vicissitudes of drought, disputes between clans, and economic uncertainty. Many ordinary citizens of the backlands questioned the secularized republican order. It is untrue that the backlands residents of Canudos were driven by crazed religious fanaticism.
Page 50 - ... Without severe punishment against the blacks it could happen one day that this captaincy shall become a pitiable stage for their evil deeds and that which occurred at Palmares in Pernambuco will be repeated: or even worse[,] for the freedom which the blacks of this captaincy have [is] unlike that in...
Page 83 - When Canudos finally capitulated, after months of resistance, the community's 5,200 homes were burned to the ground. The few surviving women were evacuated to the coast, where they were made servants (and in some cases, prostitutes); some of the surviving children were 'adopted' by some of the onlookers or otherwise .taken as trophies of war.
References to this book
Bibliographic information
| Title | The History of Brazil Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 1096-2905 |
| Author | Robert M. Levine |
| Edition | illustrated |
| Publisher | Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999 |
| ISBN | 0313303908, 9780313303906 |
| Length | 208 pages |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |