which seems to have been what antiquarians call a Druidi- Antiquities. cal temple. There are likewise many cairns in different Druidical places. The most remarkable of these is on the farm of circle. Whisgills. The quantity of stones is immense, and they are mostly of a very large size. Near these there is a large stone set on end, about five feet high, called the standing stone. This cairn is in the middle of an extensive and deep moss. It can be approached on horseback only on one side, and that with much difficulty. There is not a stone to be seen near it. Upon the march between the parishes of Castletown and Canonby, and upon very high ground near to Tennis hill, there is a cairn of great extent, and consisting of free-stones of great size. It is 86 yards long. It is not possible to approach it on horseback. The stones are chiefly of a square form of an immense weight; and what is very remarkable, there is not a stone to be seen, nor a place where stones could be found, within a great distance of the place. At the north end of it there are several large stones set on their edges, forming a square, and covered over by one stone. Near to the south end there is one standing perpendicular, evidently so placed by human art, seven feet above the moss, and thirteen feet in circumference. Five other stones, nearly of an equal size with this last, are observed in the neighbourhood, forming a circle along with it, the diameter of which is 45 yards. How these enormous masses were originally collected, or for what purpose, it is certainly very difficult to determine. At Milnholm, in the same parish, there is a cross of one stone, eight feet four inches high, set in a base of one foot eight inches. A sword four feet long is cut out from the south side of the cross, and some ancient writing appears above it.

In the parish of Ancrum, near the Roman road from York to the Frith of Forth, the vestiges of a Roman camp

Antiquities may be traced; but the most remarkable fragment of an tiquity in the parish is the Maltan wall or walls, upon ą rising ground at the bottom of the village of Ancrum, close to the side of the river where it turns its course towards the south-east. These walls were strongly built of stone and lime in the figure of a parallelogram; and, ascending on one side from the plain adjacent to the river, were considerably higher than the summit of the hill which they enclose, but are now levelled with its surface, and a small part of them remain. Vaults or subterraneous arches have been discovered in the neighbouring ground, and un, derneath the area enclosed by the building. Human bones are still found by persons ploughing or digging in the plain at the side of the river; which is an evidence of its having been formerly occupied as burying ground. The name which these walls still retains gives the colour of authenticity to a tradition, generally received in this part of this country, that the building and surrounding fields had been vested in the knights of Malta, or knights hos pitallers of St John of Jerusalem.

Caves.

On the banks of the Ale water, below the house of Ancrum, there are several caves or recesses; and not less than fifteen may be still pointed out. In some of them there are also vestiges of chimneys or fire-places, and holes for the passage of smoke from the back part of the cave to the outside of the bank. From these appearances, it is natural to conclude, that though these caves, so fre quently found on the banks of rivers in border counties, were originally intended for places of concealment and shelter, yet, after the happy event which put an end to interior violence and depredation, they were probably assu med by the poorer classes for places of habitation, and improved by such farther accommodations as the rude or simple taste of the times required.

Most of the towers or ancient petty fortresses of the Antiquities. border chieftains have been demolished to afford materials for modern buildings, but remains of them are in most quarters to be seen; in the parish of Oxnam are some of them. The chief fortification there is a tower at Delphiston, said to have been built by one Dolphus, from whom it took its name. The walls are eight to ten feet thick, built of hewn stone, and so closely cemented with lime, that it is found more difficult to obtain stones for building from it than from a quarry. It has been extensive, and divided into small apartments by stone partitions. Several vaulted apertures are in the middle of the walls, large enough for a small bed, and some of them so long as to be used by the tenants for holding their ladders. On a rising ground, a little to the south, there is an area of a chain square, which is said to have been a watchtower or lighthouse, and shews that Dolphiston tower had been used as a fort or place of refuge. A tower on Mossburnford ground, north from Dolphiston, which is nearly entire, is built and divided in the same manner, but far inferior in strength.

In the parish of Jedburgh, vestiges of artificial caves Caves. appear upon the banks of the river Jed, particularly two lare caves dug out of the rock at Hundalee and Linthaughlee. Their dimensions cannot now be ascertained, being, from the steepness of the rock or bank, almost inaccessible; but they are described by old persons, who have formerly entered into them when the access was less difficult, as consisting of three apartments; one on each hand of the entrance, and a larger one behind, which had the appearance of a great room.

The abbey of Jedburgh or Jedworth is situated on the Jedburgh abbey. west side of the Jed near where it falls into the river Tweed. It was founded by King David First for canons