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monses, and general paper

14 Short causes, adjourned sum. monses, and general paper

16 General paper

17 Ditto

19 The Second Seal. Motions and general paper

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday.

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18 Ditto

Thursday

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Saturday

28

Wednesday

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20 Petitions, adjourned

sum

monses, and general paper 21 Short causes, adjourned summonses, and general paper

23 General paper

24 Ditto

25 Ditto

26 The Third Seal. Motions and general paper

Monday... March 2

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monses, and general paper Short causes, adjourned summonses, and general paper

General paper

The Fourth Seal. Motions and general paper

Tuesday

3 Ditto

Wednesday

4

Ditto

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Thursday

5

Friday

Saturday

Monday

6 Petitions, adjourned sum. monses, and general paper

7 Short causes, adjourned sum

monses,

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9 General paper

Tuesday Wednesday

10 Ditto

11 Ditto

Thursday

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19

The Sixth Seal. Motions and general paper

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monses, and general paper Short causes, adjourned sum

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24 The Seventh Seal. Motions and

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25 General paper

26 Ditto

N.B.-In Vice-Chancellor Hall's Court no cause, motion for decree or further consideration, except by order of the court, may be marked to stand over, if it be within twelve of the last cause or matter in the printed paper of the day for hearing.

Any causes intended to be heard as short causes before either of the Vice-Chancellors must be so marked at least one clear day before the same can be put in the

Brecon, March 21
Presteign, March 26

Chester and City, March 28

England (Sir A. J. E.

THE GAZETTES.

Bankrupts.

Gazette, Jan. 30.

To surrender at the Bankrupts' Court, Basinghall-street. MORGAN, CHRISTOPHER, warehouseman, Bermondsey-st, Southwark. Pet. Oct. 24. Reg. Pepys. Sur. Feb. 10 TUPPER, CHARLES WILLIAM, Italian warehouseman, New Bond st. Pet. Jan. 27. Reg. Spring-Rice. Sur. Feb. 19 To surrender in the Country. BALLS, HAROLD GRIFFIN, currier, Cambridge. Reg. Eaden. Sur. Feb. 13 COHEN, SOLOMON, clothier, Middlesborough. Pet. Jan. 28. Reg. Crosby. Sur. Feb. 11

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To surrender at the Bankrupts' Court, Basinghall-street. FROST, WILLIAM, Caroline-st, Bedford-sq. Pet. Jan. 20. Reg. Pepys. Sur. Feb. 17

HOLMES, GEORGE, builder, Gloucester-rd, Camberwell. Pet. Jan. 30. Reg. Spring-Rice. Sur. Feb. 19 OFFORD, WILLIAM GEORGE, French paper manufacturer, Chisen. hale-rd, Old Ford. Pet. Jan. 30. Reg. Murray. Sur. Feb. 17 ROBERTS, JULIUS, engineer, Cheyne-walk, Chelsea. Pet. Jan. 30. Reg. Murray. Sur. Feb. 17

SKEET, THOMAS JEFFS, gentleman, Edgware-road, Maida-hill. Pet. Jan. 29. Reg. Pepys. Sur. Feb. 17

To surrender in the Country.

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, cattle dealer, Wilhampstead. Pet. Jan.
29. Reg. Pearse. Sur. Feb. 16
OAKELEY, RICHARD BANNER, gentleman, Gravesend. Pet. Jan.
30. Reg. Acworth. Sur. Feb. 20

BANKRUPTCIES ANNULLED.
Gazette, Jan, 27.

ARNATT, WILLIAM, farmer, Fencott, in Charlton-on-Ottmoor.
March 10, 1873

POPE, FREDERIC, gentleman, Dorrington-on-Bain. June 6, 1873 Gazette, Jan. 30.

GLOVER, WALTER JOHN, merchant tailor, Newcastle. Nov. 15 1873

Liquidations by Arrangement.

FIRST MEETINGS.
Gazette, Jan. 30.

BANBERY, GEORGE, bootmaker, Wolverhampton. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 14, at eleven, at office of Sol. Stratton, Wolverhampton BANGER, WILLIAM, gentleman, Weston-super-Mare. Pet. Jan. 23. Feb. 10, at one, at office of Hancock, Triggs, and Co., acBEALL, FELIX JOHN, baker, Queen-st, Hammersmith. Pet. Jan. countants, Bristol. Sols. Benson and Thomas, Bristol 26. Feb. 11, at eleven, at office of Sols. Messrs. Howard, New Bridge-st

BRENNER, PHILLIP, tailor, Westow-st, Upper Norwood, and ForePet. Jan. 28. Feb. 13, at half-past two, at at office of Sol. Robinson, Charterhouse-sq

st.

BROOKS, SAMUEL, law clerk, Coomb's-st, City-rd. Pet. Jan. 22.
Feb. 12, at three, at office of Sol. Watson, Basinghall-st
BROWN, CHARLES, fruit merchant, Leeds. Pet. Jan. 24. Feb. 9,
at half-past ten, at office of Sol. Hardwick, Leeds
CARR, RICHARD STEELS, lodging-house keeper, Whitby. Pet.
Jan. 27. Feb. 18, at eleven, at office of Sol. Thornton, Whitby
CHORLEY, WILLIAM EDMUND, grocer, High-st, Hounslow. Pet.
Jan. 24. Feb. 12, at one, at the Auction Mart, Tokenhouse-yd,
city London. Sols. Roscoe, Hincks, and Sheppard
COLLINS, JAMES HENRY, schoolmaster, Penistone. Pet. Jan. 28.
Feb. 14, at eleven, at office of Sols. Messrs. Dransfield, Penistone
COLLINS, WILLIAM COULTISs, grocer, Middlesborough. Pet. Jan.
23. Feb. 9, at eleven, at office of Sol. Dobson, Middlesborough
DAVISON, RICHARD, general provision dealer, Great James-st,
Bedford-row. Pet. Jan- 26. Feb. 12, at eleven, at office of Stubbs,
Great James-st, Bedford-row. Sol. Hicks, Annis-rd, South
Hackney

DENTON, DANIEL, farmer, Hinwick. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 11, at half-past three, at offices of Cook, Wellingborough. Sol. Becke, Northampton

DICKSON, JOHN PURVIS, timber merchant, Wood-wharf, West India-docks, Poplar. Pet. Jan. 7. Feb. 10, at two. at the Masons' Hall tavern, Masons'-avenue, Basinghall-st. Sol. Brown, Basinghall-st DOUGHTY, JOHN HOLLAND, coal merchant, Dorking. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 24, at twelve, at the Cannon-st hotel, city London. Sols. Hart, Hart, and Marten

FULLER, THOMAS WILLIAM, and SIMPSON, FRANK HILL, coach builders, Leamington Priors. Pet. Jan. 24. Feb. 9, at twelve, at office of Sol. Overell, Leamington Priors

GRIFFITHS, JOHN, beerhouse keeper, Hartshill. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 17, at ten, at offices of Sol. Stevenson, Stoke-on-Trent HALLAN, WILLIAM, boot dealer, Liverpool. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 23, at three, at office of Vine, accountant, Liverpool. Sol. Kitson, Liverpool

HARDISTY, FREDERICK ADOLPHUS, jun, riding master, Queen-st, Brompton. Pet. Jan. 17. Feb. 7, at two, at 15, Devonshire-st, North-end-rd, Hammersmith. Sol. Morris

HARDY, JOHN EDGAR, draper, Norwich. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 13, at three, at offices of Sol. Sadd, Norwich

HARRIS, JOSIAH, coal merchant, Falmouth. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb 13, at three, at the Royal hotel, Bristol. Sols. Genn and Nalder. Falmouth

HAYNES, ALFRED, shoe manufacturer, Stoke-on-Trent. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb.17, at three, at offices of Sols. Messrs. Tennant, Hanley HENSHALL, THOMAS, doubler, Stockport. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 18, at three, at the Commercial hotel, Manchester. Sol. Jackson, Manchester

HESKETS, WILLIAM PEMBERTON, brewer, Margate. Pet. Jan. 23. Feb. 10, at two, at the Guildhall tavern, Gresham-st. Sol. Calkin, Clement's-inn

HEWITT, JOSHUA, victualler, Bangor-is-y-Coed. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 19, at two, at office of Sols. Ratcliffe and Layton, Liverpool HILLIARD, HEREERT BREWITT, merchant's clerk, Brixton. Pet. Jan. 24. Feb. 12, at twelve, at office of Sol. Woodard, Ingram-ct, Fenchurch-st

HODGKINSON, SAMUEL, hosier, Threadneedle-st. Pet. Jan. 23. Feb. 17, at two, at the Guildhall coffee-house, Gresham-st. Sols. Phelps and Sidgwick, Gresham-st

Feb. 11, at

Feb. 10, at

HOPKINS, CHARLES, Smith, Worcester. Pet. Jan. 27. three, at offices of Sol. Tree, Worcester HOPKINS, JOHN, corn dealer, Sidbury. Pet. Jan. 26. three, at office of Sol. Meredith, Worcester JACKSON, BENJAMIN, india-rubber dealer, Preston. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 12, at eleven, at office of Sol. Fryer, Preston JAY, WILLIAM, shoeifactor, Ebbw-vale. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 11, at three, at office of Sol. Jones, Abergavenny

JOHNS, JOHN, tailor, Bideford. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 13, at twelve, at office of Sols. Rooker and Bazeley, Bideford JOHNSON, WILLIAM, and JOHNSON, EDWARD, cotton waste dealers, Manchester. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 16, at eleven, at offices of Sol. Clayton, Manchester

JOINSON, THOMAS, plumber, Royton, near Oldham. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 13, at three, at the Dog and Partridge inn, Manchester. Sol. Clegg, Oldham

JONES, WILLIAM DAVID, draper, Aberavon. Pet. Jan. 26.

Feb. 10, at eleven, at office of Crowther and Co. accountants, Manchester. Sol. Tennant, Aberavon

LAY, CHARLES, grocer, Birmingham. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 13, at twelve, at office of Sol. Powell, Birmingham

LIPSCOMB, WILLIAM THOMAS, chairmaker, Wroughton. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 13, at eleven, at the Great Western hotel, Reading. Sol. Lucas, Newbury

LLOYD, ANSIL, tailor, Colchester. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 16, at three, at the Fleece hotel, Colchester. Sol. White

MARWOOD, JOHN REE, innkeeper, Topsham. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 12, at cleven, at the Bristol Commercial inn, Exeter. Sol. Floud, Exete

MASON, EDMUND, butcher, East Bridgeford. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 18, at twelve, at office of Sol. Belk, Nottingham. MATHIE, THOMAS, carpenter, West Wickham. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 16, at four, at office of Sols. Messrs. May and Sykes, Bromley. MAY, ALFRED EDWARD, fancy stationer, Holloway rd. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 12, at two, at offices of Sols. Messrs. Davis, Cork-st, Burlington gdns.

MENKE, LOUIS, dealer in works of fine art, Manchester and Cheetham. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 12, at half-past two, at office of Hewitt, accountant, Manchester. Sol. Worsley, Manchester. MITCHELL, JAMES, woollen manufacturer, Leeds and Morley. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 12, at two, at offices of Sols. Simpson and Burrell, Leeds.

MORGAN, FRANK WRIGHT, optician, Manchester. Pet. Jan. 13. Feb. 13, at three, at offices of Sols. Gardner, Horner, and Co., Manchester.

NICHOLSON, JONATHAN, innkeeper, Sowerby, near Thirsk. Pet. Jan. 24. Feb. 17, at two, at offices of Sols. Arrowsmith and Richardson, Thirsk

NORMAN, ALFRED, and NORMAN, JOHN THOMAS, printers, Cheltenham. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 11, at three, at 26, Chancery-la, London, Sol. Boodle, Cheltenham

OPPENHEIM, JOHN HERMAN, law stationer, Cursitor-st. Pet. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 9, at two, at office of Sol. Norris, Acton-st, Gray's-inn-rd

ORGILL, CHARLES HENRY, grocer, Manchester. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 13, at two, at offices of Sols. Addleshaw and Warburton, Manchester

PALMER, SAMUEL, printer, Strand. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 16, at twelve, at office of Sol. Mote, Walbrook

PHILLIPS, JAMES, and HAMES, WILLIAM BARHAM, linen drapers, Birmingham. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 10, at one, at office of Sol. Assinder, Birmingham

PHILLIPS, ROBERT, coachbuilder, Bristol. Pet. Jan. 22. Feb. 7, at twelve, at office of Sol. Clifton, Bristol

27.

Feb.

RATHBONE, JOHN FREDERICK, printseller, Tranmere. Pet. Jan. Feb. 12, at two, at office of Sol. Downham, Birkenhead RIDLINGTON, JAMES NEWTON, grocer, Erith. Pet. Jan. 27 5, at office of Nicholls and Leatherdale, accountants, Old Jewry. chambers, in lieu of the place originally named. RILEY, HENRY, stationer, Preston. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 11, at two, at the Auction rooms of Messrs. Watson, Preston. Sol. Taylor, Preston ROBINSON, ARTHUR, innkeeper, Salisbury.

Pet. Jan. 27. Feb.

12, at three, at office of Sol. Holding, Salisbury ROBINSON, THOMAS MASON, woollen merchant, Leeds. Pet. Jan. 25. Feb. 11, at two, at offices of Sols. Simpson and Burrell, Leeds

ROE, THOMAS, potatoe dealer, Bristol. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 7, at eleven, at office of Sol. Essery, Bristol

ROGERS, FRANCIS, engineer, Trowbridge. Pet. Jan. 16. Feb. 6, at eleven, at office of Sol. Shrapnell, Bradford-on-Avon, ROUNTHWAITE, THOMAS, clothier, Sunderland. Pet. Jan. 20. Feb. 10, at twelve, at office of Sol. Ritson, Sunderland SAMUEL, ISAAC, clothes dealer, White Lion-st, Chelsea. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 13, at ten, at office of Sol. Goatly, Westminster-bridge-rd SANDERSON, THOMAS, joiner, Sheffield. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 11, at two, at office of Sol. Roberts, Sheffield

SCARLETT, Peter, draper, Stockport. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 20, at two, at the Clarence hotel, Manchester. Sol. Evans, Stockport

and Manchester

SHAR, BENJAMIN BARTON, out of business, Liverpool. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 21, at four, at office of Sol, Lowe, Liverpool. SHARPE, WILLIAM HENRY CHRISTOPHER, agent, Hammersmith, and Upper John-st, Golden-sq. Pet. Jan 28. Feb. 14, at eleven, at 9, Upper John-st, Golden-sq. Sol. Sydney SOLOMONS, MORRIS, grocer, New Montague-st, Spitalfields, and Preston-st, Mile-end New-town. Pet. Jan. 22. Feb. 9, at ten, at office of Sol. Dobson, Southampton-buildings SPURWAY, JAMES, publican. Pet. Jan. 2. Feb. 10, at twelve, at the Dolphin inn, Colyton. Sol. Wilton, Colyton, Devon. STRANGE, JAMES, wine merchant, Maude-rd, Camberwell, and Botolph-la, city, London. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 14, at two, at office of Sol. Edwards, Cloak-la

THUNDER, EDWARD, builder, Margate. Pet. Jan. 24. Feb. 13, at three, at the Star hotel, Margate. Sol. Walford, Ramsgate. TUCKER, FREDERICK WALTER, commercial traveller, Norwich. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 13, at four, at office of Sol. Sadd, Norwich WETHERELL, JANE, widow and governess, Milverton. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 19, at two, at the Bath hotel, Leamington Priors. Sol. Sanderson, Warwick

WILKINSON, MATTHEW, draper, York. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 11, at three, at office of Sol. Wilkinson, York

WILLIAMS, THOMAS LLEWELLYN, druggist, Tunstall. Pet. Jan. 24. Feb. 9, at eleven, at the Sneyd Arms hotel, Tunstall. Sol. Hollingshead, Tunstall

WOODWARD, ROBERT, furnishing ironmonger, Bethnal-green-rd. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 11, at two, at officce of Sol. Bird, London

wall

Gazette, Feb. 3.

ANGELON, CELINA ADELE, milliner, Great Portland-st. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb 26, at two, at the Inns of Court hotel, Holborn. Sols. Taylor, Hoare, Taylor, and Cooke, Great James-st BEAGLEY, WILLIAM, builder, Bentley. Pet. Jan. 22. Feb. 12, at twelve, at offices of Sol. Ward, Beagley BENN, SAMUEL, plumber, Horton. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 11, at ten, at offices of Sol. Rhodes, Bradford BETTS, JOHN, surgeon, Sherston Magna. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 21, at twelve, at office of Sols. Kinneir and Tombs, Corn Exchange, Swindon. Sol. Chubb, Malmesbury

Pet.

BIRBECK, WILLIAM HENRY, commission agent, Hanley. Jan. 30. Feb. 17, at eleven, at office of Sol. Stevenson, Stokeupon-Trent

BISHOP, BENJAMIN, grocer, Skipton. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 23, at two, at office of Sol. Paget, Skipton

BRITTAIN, THOMAS JOHN, photographic material dealer, Birmingham. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 9, at twelve, at Grand Turk inn, Ludgate-hill, Birmingham

BROOKS, JOHN, builder, Ilfracombe. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 18, at three, at the Royal Clarence hotel, Ilfracombe. Sol. Fox, Ilfracombe

BROTHERTON, JOSEPH, boot dealer, Barnsley.

Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 14, at three, at Coach and Horses hotel, Barnsley. Sol. Freeman, Barnsley

BROWN, CHARLES THOMAS, coal merchant, Plymouth. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 16, at eleven, at offices of Sols. Edmonds and Son, Plymouth

BROWN, DAVID, grocer, Coventry. Pet. Jan. 31. Feb. 19, at twelve, at Castle hotel, Coventry. Sol. Davis, Coventry BURGESS, WILLIAM, tea dealer, Bury. Pet. Jan. 31. Feb. 18, at three, at office of Sol. Anderton, Bury

CARATI, ANTONIO ALEXANDER, commission agent, Old Broad-st. Pet. Jan. 20. Feb. 13, at three, at offices of Sols. Stocken and Jupp, Leadenhall-st

CHATTIN, GEORGE, wheelwright, Smethwick, par. Harborne. Pet. Jan. 23. Feb. 18, at twelve, at office of Sol. Shakespeare, Oldbury

CLARK, THOMAS, ship bread baker, Liverpool. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 27, at two, at offices of Sols. Hull, Stone, and Fletcher, Liverpool

COOPER, JOHN, contractor, Dipton. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 12, at two, at offices of Sols. Hoyle, Shipley, and Hoyle, Newcastle Cox, CHARLES, leather dealer, Kettering. Pet. Feb. 2. Feb. 17, at twelve, at offices of Sols. Beale, Marigold, and Beale, Birming ham

CROMPTON, NATHAN, out of business, Prestwich. Pet. Jan. 30.
Feb. 13, at three, at offices of Sols. Slater and Poole, Manchester
DANIEL, WILLIAM, shopkeeper, Llancynfelin. Pet. Jan. 21.
Feb. 11, at two, at office of Sol. Jones, Aberystwith
DAVEY, FREDERICK THOMAS, bricklayer, Wellington, Black-
friars. Pet. Jan. 31. Feb. 16, at ten, at office of Sol. Goatly,
Westminster-bdge-rd

DAY, JOSEPH JAMES, plumber, Leighton-rd, Kentish-town. Pet. Jan. 22. Feb. 19, at two, at office of Sol. Preston, King Edwardst, Newgate-st

Pet. Jan.

DICKINSON, PETER, cab proprietor, Kingston-upon-Hull. Pet.
Jan. 28. Feb. 16, at one, at office of Sol. Hind, Hull
EDGERLEY, THOMAS, farmer, Carden, near Handley.
31. Feb. 16, at twelve at office of Sol. Nordon, Chester
ELLIS, JOHN WALTER, farmer, Thornthwaite, near Ripley. Pet.
Jan. 27. Feb. 16, at three, at offices of Sol. Bateson, Low
Harrogate
Feb. 23,

ELMES, THOMAS, builder, New Windsor. Pet. Jan. 30.
at three, at office of Sol. Durant, Windsor
FIELD, JOHN, out of business, Oldbury.

Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 18,

at eleven, at office of Sol. Shakespeare, Oldbury HAGMAIER, PHILIP HENRY, out of business, Fairfield-rd, Bow. Pet. Jan. 31. Feb. 17, at three, at office of Sols. Wood and Hare, Basinghall-st, London

HARTLEY, GEORGE, finisher, Saddleworth.

Pet. Jan. 30. Feb.

16, at four, at office of Sol. Hanchett, Oldham HATCHER, JOHN, carpenter, High-st, Wandsworth. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 18, at four, at office of Sol. Jones, Wandsworth HEBRON, WILLIAM, Wigan; HEBRON, GEORGE, Stockport, leather dealers. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 14, at eleven, at office of Sols. Leigh and Ellis, Wigan

HOUGHTON, CHARLES JONATHAN, commission agent, Bow-lane. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 11, at eleven, at office of Sol. Swaine, CheapBide

HUGHES, ELIZABETH, out of business, Wolverhampton. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 17, at twelve, at office of Sol. Willcock, Wolverhampton HUXLEY, WILLIAM, oilman, Lavender-rd, Battersea. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 14, at two, at office of Sol. Day, Bloomsbury-sq. Sol. Tonge, Great Portland-st

IND, FREDERICK, dealer, West Yatton, near Chippenham.

Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 23, at twelve, at office of Sol. Potter, Cheltenham IRVING, JOHN, general merchant, Dunster House, Mincing-lane. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 13, at two, at office of Sol. Walls, Walbrook JACKSON, ELIZA, widow, licensed victualler, Macclesfield.

Pet.

Jan. 30. Feb. 18, at two, at office of Sol. Hand, Macclesfield JACKSON, EDWIN, draper, Osset, near Dewsbury. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 12, at three, at offices of Sol. Ibberson, Dewsbury LAWLEY, HON. FRANCIS CHARLES, contributor to the public Press, Westminster. Pet. Feb. 2. March 2, at two, at offices of Bols. Ladbury, Collison, and Viney, Cheapside. Sols. Lewis and Lewis, Ely-place, Holborn

LEES, JAMES EDWARD, confectioner, Middlesborough. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 16, at three, at office of Sol. Addenbrooke, Middlesborough LISHMAN, JAMES, and LISHMAN, JOHN, builders, Ryton. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 16, at three, at offices of Sol. Elsdon, Newcastleupon-Tyne

LOFTHOUSE, JOEL, bookseller, Leeds. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 19, at eleven, at offices of Sols. Routh and Co., Leeds. Sols. Dibb, Atkinson, and Braithwaite

RUFFELL, JOHN, licensed victualler's assistant, Munster-st. ford-sq

Pet Jan. 30. Feb. 16, at two, at office of Sol. Williams, Bed-FUNERAL REFORM.

SCUTT, JAMES, saddler, High-st, Stratford. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 13,
at three, at office of Sol. Parker, Pavement, Finsbury
SEARLE, GEORGE, boot and shoe manufacturer, Salmon-lane and
St. Anne's-place, Limehouse, and High-st, Bow. Pet. Jan. 28.
Feb. 16, at one, at offices of Sol. Barrow, Queen-st, Cheapside
SMITH, THOMAS, draper, Middlesborough. Pet. Jan. 23. Feb.
12, at three, at offices of Sol. Addenbrooke, Middlesborough
SMITH, WILLIAM CLOSE, portmanteau manufacturer, Dalston.
Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 16, at two, at offices of Sol. Aird, Eastcheap,
London
SPANSWICK, JOHN KNIGHT, fancy jeweller, Victoria-pk-rd. Pet.
Jan. 30. Feb. 16, at eleven, at office of Sols. Chorley and Craw-
ford, Moorgate-st

STAGG, HENRY TROUGHER, music seller, Burton-upon-Trent.
Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 17, at eleven, at offices of Harrison, account-
ant, Burton-upon-Trent

STONEHAM, WILLIAM, fisherman, Hastings. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb.
14, at one, at Law Institution, Chancery-lane. Sol. Jones,
Hastings
STYLES, GEORGE, coal merchant, West Smethwick. Pet. Jan. 29.
Feb. 17, at eleven, at office of Sol. Topham, West Bromwich
TAWELL, SAMUEL, and TAWELL, THOMAS WHITE, lace manufac-
turers, Berners-st, Oxford-st. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 13, at three, at
office of Sol. Mason, Newgate-st

THOMAS, DAVID, butcher, Brynycelyn Dinas, near Pontypridd.
Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 14, at one, at office of Sols. Simons and Plews,
Merthyr Tydfil

TRACY, ANTHONY WINGFIELD, surgeon dentist, Bury St.
Edmunds. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 16, at three, at Guildhall. Sols.
Partridge and Greene, Bury St. Edmunds

Pet.

TREADWELL, WILLIAM, farmer, Boughton-under-Blean. Jan. 31. Feb. 28, at eleven, at offices of Sol. Gibson, Sittingbourne

TYRER, RICHARD, metal dealer, Prescot. Pet. Jan, 30. Feb. 18, at three, at office of Sol. Baxter, Liverpool VAUGHAN, EDWIN, licensed victualler, Bristol.

Pet. Jan. 27.

Feb. 12, at two, at offices of Sol. Beckingham, Bristol WEBB, JOHN LANGFORD, cheesemonger, Tottenham-ct-rd. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 18, at two, at the Guildhall coffee-house, Greshamst. Sols. Messrs. Davis, Cork-st, Burlington-gdns, W. WEILD, DAVID, draper, Derby. Pet. Jan. 27. Feb. 17, at three, at office of Sol. Leech, Derby

WILLIAMS, JOHN PRICE, draper, Liverpool. Pet. Jan. 31. Feb. 18, at two, at office of Rogers, public accountant, Liverpool. Sol. Goffey, Liverpool

WILLINGS, JOHN, boot dealer, Filey. Pet. Jan. 31. Feb. 18, at twelve, at the Old George hotel, Pavement, York. Sol. Scatchard, Leeds

Dibidends.

BANKRUPTS' ESTATES.

The Official Assignees, &c., are given, to whom apply for the Dividends.

Bulkeley, T. fifth, 2d. Paget, Basinghall-st.-Cranford, R. E. F. captain, first, 6s. 34d. Paget, Basinghall-st.-Higginson, F. retired commander R.N. third, 58. 11d. and 14s. 2d. to new proofs. Paget, Basinghall-st.-Young, G. commission merchant, third, Id. At office of registrars in bankruptcy, 20, South John-st, Liverpool. Budden, I. R., baker, first, 4s. Id. At Sol. S. Hobbs, jun., Wells. -Glover, J. victualler, 2s. 4d. At Argyle-chmbs, 34, Colmore-row, Birmingham. At Trust. L. J. Sharp.-Grey, W. J. W. victualler, second and final, 34d. At Trust. H. Bolland, 10, South John-st, Liverpool.-Hicks, S. salesman, second and final, 1s. 6d. At Sols. W. Smith, Weston-super-Mare.-O'Gorman, J. H. general draper, second, 1s. At Trust. H. Bolland, 10, South John-st, Liverpool.Plews, G. innkeeper, first and final, 1s. 1d. At Sol. C. Waistell, Northallerton.-Rouse, G. H. clerk, second, 48. 4d. At office of P. Paget, Bankruptcy-ct, Basinghall-st.-Speirs, J. bookseller, 28. 10d. At 84, Cheapside. Trust, E. Saxton.-Von Bolton, Carl cigar merchant, first, 10ld. At office of P. Paget, Bankruptcy-ct, Basinghallst.-Webster, R. G. innkeeper, final, 8s. 1d. At Trust. T. Swaine, Central-chmbs, Barnsley.-Young, W. miller, first and final, 1s. 54d. At Trust. G. Jay, 8, Bank-st, Lincoln.

Orders of Discharge.

Gazette, Jan. 27.

LOWMAN, GEORGE, victualler, the Crown, Basinghall-st

Gazette, Jan. 30.

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items of the undertaker's bill have long operated as an oppressive tax upon all classes of the community. With a view of applying a remedy to this serious evil the LONDON NECROPOLIS COMPANY, when opening their extensive cemetery at Woking, held themselves prepared to undertake the whole duties relating to interments at fixed and moderate scales of charge, from which survivors may choose according to their means and the requirements of the case. The Company also undertakes the conduct of Funerals to other cemeteries, and to all parts of the United Kingdom. A pamphlet containing full particulars may be obtained, or will be forwarded, upon application to the Chief Office, 2, Lancaster-place, Strand, W.C.

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SUTTON, SARAH, Spinster, general agent, Kentish Town-rd, Not- GREAT CENTRAL WINE CELLARS,

ting-hill, and Maddox-st, Regent-st

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS. GARROLD.-On the 2nd inst., at 17, Windemarsh-st, Hereford, the wife of T. W. Garrold, Esq., solicitor, of a son. HARDCASTLE.-On the 2nd inst., at 4, Chesham-st, the wife of Henry Hardcastle, barrister-at-law, of a son. ROYDS. On the 25th ult., at Brownhill, Rochdale, the wife of Edmund A. N. Royds, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a daughter. TATTERSHALL.-On the 31st ult., at 23, Upper Woburn-place, Tavistock-square, the wife of Edward George Tattershall, of 9, Great James-street, Bedford-row, solicitor, of a daughter.

DEATHS.

ENGLAND.-On the 30th ult., at Sleaford, aged 49, Charles Eng-
land, Esq., of the firm of Peake and England.
JENKINS. On the 22nd ult., at Clifton Court, Clifton, aged 67,
William Jenkins, Esq., Q.C., LL.D.

MONK. On the 29th ult., at 80, Harley-street, aged 71, John Monk,
Q.C., Bencher of the Middle Temple, Esq.
RAINES. On the 28th ult., at Wyton Hall, near Hull, William
Raines, Esq., Judge of County Courts, D.L. of the East Riding
and J.P. for the East and North Ridings, Yorkshire, and the
parts of Holland, Lincolnshire.

MATHEWS, EDWARD WILLIAM, builder, Inkerman-rd, Kentish- PARTRIDGE AND COOPER

town. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 25, at three, at office of Sol. Alsop, Great Marlborough-st

MATTHEWS, SUSAN HARRIS, dealer in sewing machines, Sloanest, Chelsea. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 16, at three, at office of Sol. Walls, Walbrook MCKAY, ROBERT, wine merchant, Rochdale. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 13, at three, at the Spread Eagle inn. Rochdale. Sol. Whitehead, Rochdale

MEWBURN, CHILTON, gunmake's manager, Union-row, Tower-hill Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 17, at two, at office of Sol. Nelson, Essex-st, Strand

MONK, ALFRED GEORGE, draper, Caledonian-rd, King's-cross.
Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 20, at twelve, at offices of Baggs, Clarke, and
Josolyne, accountants, King-st. Cheapside. Sol. Buchanan,
Basinghall-st

NEILL, GEORGE, baker, Orchard-st, Wandsworth. Pet. Jan. 30.
Feb. 16, at twelve, at office of Sol. Neill, Old Kent-rd
NUTTING, WILLIAM HENRY, baker, High-st, Kingsland. Pet.
Jan. 20. Feb-16, at four, at offices of Sol. Ablett, Cambridge-ter,
Hyde-pk

ODEY, GEORGE, glass dealer, Basingstoke. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb.
19, at three, at office of Sol. Bayley, Basingstoke
ONIONS, GEORGE DUNN, butcher, West Bromwich. Pet, Jan, 28.
Feb. 16, at eleven, at office of Sol. Topham, West Bromwich
PAGE, JOHN SAMUEL, picture dealer, Manchester. Pet. Jan. 29.
Feb. 19, at half-past two, at offices of Sols. Nuttall and Son,
Manchester

RICHARDS, ALFRED OAKES, electro plate manufacturer, Birmingham. Pet. Jan. 31. Feb. 19, at eleven, at offices of Sol. Hodgson, Birmingham

RICHARDS, WILLIAM, builder, Great College-st, Camden-town. Pet. Jan. 30. Feb. 16, at eleven, at office of Sol. Rice, Westbourneter, Hyde-pk

RICHES, JAMES, builder, Great Yarmouth. Pet. Jan. 28. Feb. 25, at twelve, at office of Sol. Coaks, Norwich

RITSON, RICHARD, upholsterer, Carlisle. Pet. Jan. 29. Feb. 16, at two, at office of Sol. Wright, Carlisle ROTHERHAM, CHRISTOPER THOMAS, and ROTHERHAM, HERBERT, sickle manufacturers, Unston. Pet. Jan. 26. Feb. 13, at three, at office of Sol. Gee, Sheffield

WHOLESALE & RETAIL STATIONERS, 192, FLEET-STREET, AND 1 & 2, CHANCERY-LANE, LONDON, E.C. Carriage paid to the Country on Orders exceeding 20s. DRAFT PAPER, 5s., 6s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 78. 9d., and 9s. 9d. per

ream.

BRIEF PAPER, 15s. 6d., 17s. 6d., and 238. 61. per ream.
FOOLSCAP PAPER, 10s. 6d., 12s. 6d., and 15s. 6d. per ream.
CREAM LAID NOTE, SS., 4s., and 5s. per ream.
LARGE CREAM LAID NOTE, 4s. 6d., 68. 6d., and 8s. per ream.
LARGE BLUE NOTE, 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d., and 6s. 6d. per ream.
ENVELOPES, CREAM OR BLUE, 48. 6d., and 6s. 6d., per 1000.
THE TEMPLE" ENVELOPE, extra secure, 9s. 6d. per 1000.
FOOLSCAP OFFICIAL ENVELOPES, 1s. 9d. per 100.

THE NEW" VELLUM WOVE CLUB-HOUSE" NOTE, 9s. 6d. per ream.

"We should direct particular attention to their New Clubhouse Paper: in our opinion it is the very best paper we ever wrote upon." "-London Mirror.

INDENTURE SKINS, Printed and Machine-ruled, to hold twenty or thirty folios, 2s. Sd. per skin, 26s. per dozen, 125s. per roll.

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BOOTS.

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FIG. 2.

The perfect form of Shoes.

a, b, c, d, Elasticated Leather.

MARSHALL,

455, WEST STRAND, LONDON,

(Nearly opposite Northumberland House),'
ESTABLISHED 1824,

BOOK OF TESTIMONIALS POST FREE GRATIS.

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RUMOURS will be rife for some time to come as to the probable holders of the legal appointments which will fall to the new Conservative Government. It has been thought that the delicacy of Lord CAIRNS' health will deter him from again accepting the Chancellorship, and Lord Chief Justice COCKBURN is generally spoken of as the successor of Lord SELBORNE. As regards the office of Attorney-General in that event-Sir JOHN KARSLAKE becoming, as a matter of course, Lord Chief Justice-Sir RICHARD BAGGALLAY would have the best claim, and either Mr. HOLKER, Q.C., or Mr. FORSYTH, Q.C., will, we imagine, be Solicitor-General.

VOL. LVI.-No. 1611.

BARON AMPHLETT has resigned the office of President of the Legal Education Association. A sub-committee, including some eminent members of the Profession, has been appointed to consider and report upon the draft of a Bill having for its object the incorporation of a General School of Law.

WE report from the Bath County Court a novel point under liquidation proceedings. A receiver of a debtor's estate having been appointed when a sheriff was in possession by virtue of a judgment obtained and execution issued by a creditor, an interim injunction was granted. The receiver claiming to be entitled to possession required the sheriff to withdraw; the sheriff did not withdraw, and the application made to the Judge of the Bath County Court was to commit him for contempt. It was contended on behalf of the sheriff that he was bound to remain in possession until he received instructions from the execution creditor to withdraw. It was asked, if the proceedings fell through what would be his position? Would he not be liable to the execution creditor for any action which he might bring. The Judge found that a contempt had been committed, but as the breach of the injunction was not substantial, and the sheriff was not personally a party to it, simply ordered him to pay his own

costs.

THREE decisions of importance with reference to costs, have been given within the last few days. In one case it was held that plaintiff's resident in Scotland and Ireland cannot be compelled to give security for costs, the 31 & 32 Vict. c. 54, having provided a process of enforcing an English judgment in those countries. This was the case of Raeburn v. Andrews, in the Queen's Bench on the 29th ult. In the same court on the 30th ult. in Ayres v. Lovelock it was decided that the undersheriff is not a Judge with power to certify for costs under the County Courts Act 1867. Consequently, where on a writ of inquiry in an action of slander less than £10 was recovered, and the undersheriff certified for costs, the master was held right in refusing to tax. The third case to which we refer is Brown v. Rye, before the MASTER of the ROLLS on the 31st ult. That was a foreclosure suit, the mortgage being to secure £50, and £5 per cent interest. It was contended by the defendant that the plaintiff was entitled only to such costs as he would have obtained in the County Court. Sir GEORGE JESSEL said that the Legislature had created a concurrent jurisdiction in the County Courts, but had placed no restriction on the jurisdiction of this Court similar to that which it had placed on the jurisdiction of the courts of law, and held that the plaintiff was entitled to his ordinary costs.

THE career of few law officers has been so eventful as that of Sir HENRY JAMES. Lifted by his own ability and the favouring gales of fortune from the ranks of Nisi Prius advocates to a prominent position in Parliament-after obtaining a seat on a scrutiny-he passed rapidly from the subordinate law officership to the high position of official leader of the English Bar, as Attorney-General. Opposed on his re-election, he was successful only to find his seat threatened by a petition, the trial of which lasted a fortnight, to terminate in another success for Sir HENRY JAMES. Securely seated once more, the Government of which he is a member dissolves Parliament. Again he is threatened with opposition, but ultimately walks over, only to find that by the verdict of the country his party is condemned to the cold shade of opposition. To have been Solicitor-General and Attorney-General and yet never to have faced Parliament in either capacity is a hard fate, and every member of the Profession must sympathise with the ATTORNEY-GENERAL in this misfortune. It must also be matter for regret that Sir WILLIAM HARCOURT will have no opportunity at present of showing his capacity as a law officer. The extraordinary majority obtained by the Conservative party promises a long tenure of office, and it is impossible to make even a guess as to the period when Sir HENRY JAMES and Sir W. HARCOURT will again assume the offices which they must soon surrender to others.

THE representation of the Profession in the House of Commons has been changed by the results of the general election. We mentioned last week that Mr. Hinde Palmer, Q.C., had lost his seat. He has been followed by Mr. Henry Matthews, Q.C., Mr. West, Q.C., and Mr. Douglas Straight. Mr. Palmer and Mr. Matthews will prove a decided loss, and perhaps Mr. Matthews could least be spared. He is a cultivated lawyer and a keen debater, and he certainly made his mark in the House. Several other lawyers failed to obtain seats-the two leaders of the Admiralty Court, Mr. Millward, Q.C. and Mr. Butt, Q.C., Mr. Swanston, Q.C. and Mr. Cohen, Q.C., and Mr. Morgan Howard and Mr. Biron. On the other hand Mr. Bulwer, Q.C., has supplanted Mr. West, Q.C., at Ipswich; Mr. Morgan Lloyd, Q.C., has obtained a seat at Beaumaris; Mr. Huddleston, Q.C., at Norwich; Mr. H. T. Cole, Q.C., at Penryn; Mr. Forsyth, Q.C., at Marylebone; Mr. C. Hopwood, Q.C., at Stockport; Hon. E. Stanhope at Mid Lincolnshire; Mr. Waddy, Q.C., at Barnstaple; Mr. Serjeant

Spinks at Oldham, Mr. A. G. Marten, Q.C., at Cambridge; and Mr. W. Grantham ejected Mr. Locke King in East Surrey. Literary barristers have lost a representative in Mr. T. Hughes, but Mr. Jenkins, the author of "Ginx's Baby," has been elected. The Conservative member for Chelsea, Mr. Gordon, is a solicitor in large practice in the City of London. We have to record a loss of five barristers, but a gain of twelve. Of these twelve, seven are on the winning side in politics. Mr. Huddleston has been in Parliament before; the others are new men, the most promising for political purposes being, we believe, the new member for Cambridge, Mr. A. G. Marten.

IN the lengthy complicated case of Jolliffe v. Wallasey Local Board (29 L. T. Rep. N. S. 582), the Court of Common Pleas has done that which we could wish to see a little more often done by our courts. It pronounced an elaborate judgment upon a point where no judgment was necessary for the decision of the case. We therefore regret all the more that we are not able to agree with that judgment. The point was that an Act of Parliament had authorised the construction of a pier and landing stage upon the bed of the river Mersey, and upon "the lands delineated in certain plans." Previously to commencing the works, the defendants were to send in plans to the Admiralty. The plans sent in to the Admiralty showed a much larger space occupied by the works proposed than did the plans deposited mentioned in the Act. However, the Admiralty approved them, and the court has held that this approval of the Admiralty "drew with it," in the words of KEATING, J., "the sanction of the Legislature." We cannot but think that the approval of the Admiralty was ultra vires, and that such approval of the second series of plans was intended to be used as a check, to limit the operations of the defendants if necessary, but in no case to extend them. The first series of plans deposited with the Bill, would no doubt be somewhat rough, and in order to provide for this natural defect, limits of deviation as regards the pier and landing-stage not exceeding 5ft.," were expressly prescribed by the Act. We may notice that an incorrect reading of an Act of Parliament by a public office has lately been set right by the Court of Queen's Bench in the case of R. v. Overseers of Haslingfield, in which the court confirmed the disallowance of certain fees to justices' clerks which the Home Office, presuming them to be legally due, had sanctioned under Jervis's Act, s. 30, so long back as 1854.

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THE office of returning officer at parliamentary elections is generally filled by a solicitor. The post is one of great responsibility, as is abundantly shown by many of the provisions in the Ballot Act of 1872, affecting these officers, and we are therefore glad to be able to state that, with one exception, the arrangements made in the metropolis last week were most complete. The one exception was Hackney, where there was a collapse, several polling stations not being opened until considerably after the appointed hour. The excuse is that there was not sufficient time between the nomination and the polling for the necessary arrangements to be made. The returning officer made every possible effort to repair the mischief when it was discovered. At Chelsea there seemed to be some likelihood of a petition on the score of irregularity, a presiding officer having, it was alleged, gone out of his way to destroy the secrecy of the ballot, by writing the registered number of the voters on the backs of the ballot papers; but this suggestion has not been substantiated. It may be invidious to name the returning officers who appear to have carried out the Ballot Act most efficiently, but Mr. CARR in Finsbury, Mr. FARRER in Westminster, Mr. GRESHAM in Southwark, and Mr. RATCLIFF in the Tower Hamlets were exceptionally successful, and conducted the polling with marked ability and care. When, however, the onerous nature of the work at short notice in a metropolitan constituency is considered, we think a partial failure in one instance should be leniently regarded. Presiding officers ought undoubtedly to be lawyers, and considering how many there are of both branches ready and willing to undertake the work, returning officers have no excuse if they appoint other persons less efficient. There can be no doubt that the polling was most satisfactorily conducted at those stations which were presided over by barristers or solicitors.

Ir is perfectly plain that if the Ballot is to be properly worked adequate time must be given to the returning officers in large constituencies to make their arrangements. At present the time is regulated thus: In the case of an election for a borough the election must be fixed by the returning officer not later than the fourth day after the day on which he receives the writ, with an interval of not less than two clear days between the day on which he gives notice and the day of nomination. So that taking the receipt of the writ on the 1st February, the last possible day for notice would be the 2nd; the 5th would be the last possible day for nomination, and the 9th would be the last possible day for the poll in ordinary boroughs. Where it is not known (as in Hackney), until the day of nomination, whether there will be a contest, and the returning officer makes no specu

lative arrangements beforehand, he is limited to four days for preparing to poll possibly between 20,000 and 30,000 voters. Mr. RATCLIFF, the returning officer of the Tower Hamlets, points out that this is utterly inadequate. He says, in a letter to the Times, "The metropolitan returning officers have from the passing of the Act been fully alive to the important and multifarious duties cast upon them, and to the intricate details to be observed if the provisions of the Act are carefully and fully carried out. They have held several meetings thereon, and the question of the limited time allowed between the day of nomination and the day for polling has always been a great source of discomfort, as they knew it amounted almost to an impossibility to make preparation, but they felt it would be useless to attempt to procure an amendment in the law until it could be proved to demonstration that a distinction should be made between boroughs having a small number of electors on the register and those having a large number." Opinion being thus unamimous it is to be hoped that before another election the Act will be amended, as a failure of the machinery of polling must be intensely unsatisfactory to everyone concerned.

66

A PAPER particularly interesting at the present time was read by Mr. RUPERT KETTLE, before the Law Amendment Society on the 26th ult., on the Law of Conspiracy. He makes some broad propositions-First, that in all cases where the interests of the public are directly affected by the wrong done it is a crime, and the agreement to do the wrong is therefore a conspiracy; secondly, that withholding labour merely for the purpose of increasing its market value by producing an artificial scarcity, is not withholding it upon a criminal motive; but, that if it is withheld in order to stop public communication, or the public supply of water, or of light, so that wages may be raised, as the only means of averting a great public mischief, then the intent would be criminal. Speaking of trades unions Mr. KETTLE makes a remark which is frequently forgotten, namelyAlthough modern trades unions are, according to the preponderance of legal authority, no longer criminal combinations, they are still illegal-that is outside the pale of the law. Their rules do not form a binding contract; nor can these societies enter into contracts capable of legal enforcement. Trades union funds are protected from fraud, and certain privileges are conferred upon them by a recent statute; but this only alters the legal status of a trades union to the limit of the enactment, and does not further or otherwise bring these combinations within the legal pale." A third conclusion which Mr. KETTLE draws is that, as it is beyond dispute that agreeing to commit a crime is itself, substantively, the crime of conspiracy, it follows that if any person, although not a servant, agrees with, or counsels a servant to do any act punishable as a crime under the Master and Servant Act, he who so agrees or counsels is guilty of conspiracy. And his practical suggestions for consideration are (1) Whether it is not better, having regard to the position and permanent interest of master and servant, to declare, or, if necessary, repeal so much of our ancient common law as relates to acts in restraint of trade, and to repeal the penal provisions of the Master and Servant Act, instead of incurring the danger of disturbing our criminal polity by attempting to alter the fundamental principles of the law against conspiracy; and (2) whether, as a matter of administration, it is not just that all defendants indicted for conspiracy should have of right all the advantages they can already obtain by removing indictments into the Superior Courts.

GIFTS TO ILLEGITIMATE OR REPUTED CHILDREN. Re GOODWIN'S TRUSTS. FOLLOWING close upon the decision of the full Court of Appeal in Occleston v. Fullalove (29 L. T. Rep. N. S. 785), we have that of Sir George Jessel, M. R., in Re Goodwin's Trusts (L. Rep Weekly Notes, 7th inst.). The latter case is of importance, as defining the precise principle on which, in Occleston v. Fullalove, the Lords Justices overruled the decision of the late ViceChancellor Wickens and the opinion of Lord Selborne. The facts of the latter case were these: One Mary Goodwin, by will made in July 1850, bequeathed her residuary personal estate upon trust for Richard Perkins for life, and after his decease upon trust to pay and divide the trust fund unto and between all and every her children by the said Richard Perkins, share and share alike, to be vested interests in sons at twenty-one, and in daughters at that age or marriage. Mary Goodwin was the sister of a deceased wife of Richard Perkins, and had in the year 1849 gone through the ceremony of marriage with him. Mary Goodwin died in May 1860, leaving four children, John Goodwin Perkins, born on the 15th June 1850, two sons who died in infancy, and William Henry Perkins, born in March 1860. The birth of William Henry Perkins was registered by Richard Perkins in April 1860, and the child was described as the son of Richard Perkins and Mary Perkins, late Goodwin. Part of Mary Goodwin's estate having been paid into court, a petition was presented by John Goodwin Perkins, praying that the fund might be paid out on the joint receipt of himself and Richard Perkins. The Master of the Rolls, however, held that the principle of Occleston v. Fullalove

was that a gift by a testator or testatrix to one of his or her children by a particular person was good if the child had acquired the reputation of being such before the death of the testator or testatrix: and that, therefore, the petitioner was only entitled to payment of half the fund.

It will be noticed that Re Goodwin's Trusts was uncomplicated by two circumstances which, it was possible to argue, affected the decision in Occleston v. Fullalove. In Occleston v. Fullalove the person in whose favour the decision was made was an existent person, through en ventre at the date of the will, and the form of the gift was not merely to the children which the testator might have by his deceased wife's sister, but to those which he might be reputed to have. Sir George Jessel is, however, a Judge who may be relied on not to take hair splitting distinctions when there is no substantial difference, and we are pleased to see that whatever may have been his opinion as to the intrinsic soundness of the principle in Occleston v. Fullalove, he has loyally carried it out in its integrity, as the rule laid down by superior authority. With regard to the principal case we observe that a contemporary has expressed an opinion" that the Judges of Appeal expended an amount of eloquence which would have done credit to any pulpit, or to any writer on the ethics of the sexes, but which with much respect" our contemporary thinks "was altogether out of place in a court of justice." The writer, while admitting that the subject probably could not have been avoided, proceeds to "find fault with the whole course of judicial decisions which have compelled judges to go into these matters at all," and to tell us "that an interesting book might be written on the dogmas-political, social, moral, commercial, even religious, which have at various periods of legal history been pronounced, doubted, and abandoned by the Bench," and that "infallibility in ethics and questions of public policy is not, and never can be, one of the attributes of courts of justice."

We concede to our contemporary all that he could urge as to the fluctuating and uncertain character attaching to the determination of questions which involve considerations of ethics or public policy, and we concede also that in cases where the law or its application to any given state of facts is settled by authority, any reference to the remote causes in the region of ethics through which the law may have originated, or any disquisition on the reasons by which the continuance or maintenance of the law may be defended in a court of morals, would be entirely out of place in a court of law. We affirm, however, at the same time that the period has not arrived, and never will, when considerations of ethics and public policy can be eliminated from among the factors in judicial decisions.

No code or system of positive law can provide for the new developments and infinitely varied combinations of human affairs in such a way as to exclude the necessity for the exercise of the moral faculties of the living interpreters of the law; and as to the "infallibility" which our contemporary speaks of, we all know that it is not to be looked for either in courts of justice or under any condition of human affairs. We deprecate as much as anyone can the substitution of any ratio decidendi proceeding on the basis of the judicial conscience for the settled rules of law, and are firmly convinced that the certainty and uniformity enforced by an adhesion to authority are of far more importance in judicial decisions than their intrinsic reasonableness. It must, however, be perfectly obvious that numberless cases occur in which the law is unsettled, and where the only possible standard is the conscience of the judge. That standard, idiosyncratic though it be, and therefore necessarily fluctuating and uncertain, it seems to us as idle to complain of, as it would be to complain that all men are not endowed alike by nature, or that they do not, through education or circumstances, attain precisely the same level. In regard to morals or public policy, no code can do more than prescribe very general rules-the application of those rules must be left to the intelligence and moral sense of the tribunal. Take for example the great Bridgwater case (Egerton v. Lord Brownlow, 21 L. T. Rep. O. S. 306), and we ask could any code be expected to anticipate the limitations and conditions contained in the Earl of Bridgwater's will, by laying down rules which would have obviated the long discussions and conflicting opinions in that case as to whether the conditions there in dispute did or did not contravene public policy? The objection of our contemporary is in substance that of Bentham to judgemade law. We incline rather to agree with the late Mr. Austin when he says (1 Jurisprudence, 224): "I by no means disapprove of what Mr. Bentham has chosen to call by the disrespectful, and therefore, as I consider, injudicious, name of judge-made law. For I consider it injudicious to call by any name indicative of disrespect what appears to me highly beneficial and even absolutely necessary. I cannot understand how any person who has considered the subject can suppose that society could possibly have gone on, if judges had not legislated, or that there is any danger whatever in allowing them that power which they have in fact exercised, to make up for the negligence or incapacity of the avowed legislator. That part of the law of every country which was made by Judges has been far better made than that part which consists of statutes enacted by the Legislature. Notwithstanding my great admiration for Mr. Bentham, I cannot but think that instead of blaming Judges for having legislated, we

should blame them for the timid, narrow, and piecemeal mannerTM in which they have legislated, and for legislating under cover of vague and indeterminate phrases."

THE WORKING OF THE BALLOT. VERY many letters have been written to the newspapers upon the mode adopted by returning officers in taking the ballot during the recent elections, and there appear to be some points upon which doubt exists. To remove those doubts is a matter of considerable importance.

Before we notice the practical matters which are regulated by the Ballot Act, we must make a preliminary observation upon the part which is played by the public in this new process of voting, and we must say, judging from actual experience at the polling booth, that it is extraordinary how stupid the most "highly educated" classes of the population seem to be in carrying out a plan of voting which in itself is so admirably simple and so much less troublesome than the old system of open voting. In two cases brought to our attention clergymen of the Church of England actually signed their names to the ballot paper. Many other wellto-do and aristocratic personages tendered their open papers to the presiding officer and wanted to know what they were to do next; whilst others loudly demanded papers for the purpose of voting for particular candidates. In the majority of cases, where great simplicity was manifested, there was evident amusement at the easy and completely secret mode of recording a vote, whilst many persons appeared to regret that there was not more to be done or said, and some shouting to be gone through. On this head it is our opinion that presiding officers are apt to be too reticient. There can be no possible harm in giving oral information to puzzled electors, and it is surely better to run a little risk than allow votes to be thrown away for want of a timely sugges tion. Our experience is that an attentive officer can facilitate the voting considerably and save many a ballot paper from being rejected if he has the courage and tact to deal with all alike, and that the agents of the candidates are officials of whom there is not the slightest reason to be afraid.

Now as regards the actual working of the ballot. There ought to be no necessity for instructions such as has been suggested by correspondents of the newspapers on the opening and closing of the polls. Ballot papers should be obtainable at eight o'clock; no ballot papers should be issued after four. A person signing himself "Lex" inquires whether all voters in the room at the hour of closing are entitled to vote. This is an absurd suggestion. By stopping the issue of ballot papers at the hour of closing the ballot is closed-those papers which are already issued should of course be marked and put in the ballot box. We agree indeed that it may seem hard that the voters are excluded because all persons in the room cannot obtain a paper instantly; but the conditions of polling are known, and those who choose to delay until the clock is about to strike the last hour, must be aware that they imperil their vote, and the construction of the Act is not to be strained to meet such cases. "Lex" says that he has asked "half-a-dozen presiding officers" the question, "What is to be considered the closing of the poll?" and none could answer him. He must have been extremely unfortunate in his acquaintance. Any officer who had thought at all about the subject-and no one should have undertaken the duty without thinking over every detail -would have had the obvious answer ready; and every returning officer up to his work would have issued the necessary instructions to his deputies, so as to secure uniformity of practice.

A more important question is, What is an irregularity in the mode of filling up the ballot papers sufficient to entitle the returning officer to reject the votes. The cardinal rule established by the Act, as pointed out by a gentleman writing from Lincoln's Inn is, that where the returning officer has no reasonable doubt for whom the votes are intended, and there is nothing on the paper to identify the voter, he is bound to allow the paper as good. It is perfectly clear that if the voter signs his name, or put his number on the register on his paper, or votes for more candidates than there are vacancies, or makes his mark across a dividing line, the paper is absolutely bad. But if he puts his mark anywhere opposite to a name, or by any symbol unmistakeably indicating for whom he intends to vote, the paper must be accepted. These are matters of detail which should be agreed upon or definitely settled by authority. A more important matter, in our opinion, is the condition of the registers. Our experience is that the registers by which the balloting is checked are too frequently grossly defective. Several correspondents have declared in the newspapers that being on the register twice for properties or premises situated in different parts of the same borough they might have voted for the same candidates twice at different polling stations. Too much care cannot be given to this matterand all that is wanted is care on the part of those entrusted with the revision of the register. Some persons having property sufficient to give several votes are apt to entertain the idea that they may vote more than once, and many electors would do so in ignorance and without any intention to violate the law. Double voting, however, would be a serious evil and the greatest vigilance should be exercised to render it impossible.

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