Malagasy sub-region, reptiles of, 279 extinct fauna of, 282, 289 insects of, 282 early history of, 286 Malaya and Indo-Malaya, terms defined, 345 Malayan forms of life reappearing in West fauna, probable origin of, 359 Malta, Post-Pliocene fauna of, 114 Mammalia, means of dispersal of, 10 how far limited by the sea, 13 dispersed by ice-floes and drift-wood, 14 of most importance in determining zoo- classification of, 85 Marsupials, classification of, 91 N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 first migration to America, 155 of America prove no connexion with list of Australian genera of, 476 gigantic land-tortoises of, 289 S. American Pliocene, 147 N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 Mauritius, zoology of, 280 sea not separating distinct faunas, 201 Megalonyx, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 S. American Pliocene, 147 Megalostoma, Eocene, 169' Megamys, S. American Eocene, 148 Megaspira, European Tertiary, 169 Megatherium, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 S. American Pliocene, 147 Melania, European secondary, 169 Meniscotherium, N. American Tertiary, 138 Merycopotamus, Indian Miocene, 122 Microlestes, oldest European mammal, 160 Microtherium, European Miocene, 120 Middendorf, on extreme northern birds, 219 Migrating birds, in which region to be placed, 185 Migration of animals, 10/ general phenomena of, 18 of birds, 19 of birds in Europe. 19 probable origin of, 22 of birds in India and China, 23 of birds in N. America, 23 changes in extent of, 24 of birds in S. Temperate America, 25 general remarks on. 25 Milvus, European Miocene, 162 Miocene fauna of the Old World, 114 fauna of Greece, 115 fauna of Greece, summary of, 116 fauna of Central Europe, 117 deposits of Siwalik Hills, 121 faunas of Europe and Asia, general obser- Miohippus, N. American Tertiary, 135 Mivart, Professor, on classification of primates, on classification of insectivora, 87 groups selected for study, 104 birds of, 419 reptiles of, 420 insects of, 420 peculiarities of fauna of, 421 Monkeys on the high Himalayas, 12 fossil in N. American Miocene in E Thibet, 222 abundance of in the Oriental region, 315 list of Australian genera of, 477 "More-pork" of Australia, figure of, 442 Mound-builders, peculiar Australian birds, 393 Moupin, position and zoology of, 221 Murray, Mr. Andrew, on zoological region, 6) European Miocene, 118 S. American Pliocene, 146 Myogale, European Miocene, 118 Mysarachne, European Miocene, 118 Myaophagus, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 N. Nanohyus, N. American Tertiary, 137 distinct from Palearctic, 79 relations of W. Áfrican sub-region with, 265 Newton, Professor, on position of Menurida on birds of Iceland, 198 manimalia of, 410 birds of, 411 peculiarities of its ornithology, 413 insects of, 416 New Zealand, objections to making a primary zoological region, 62 extinct birds of, 164 sub-region, description of, 449 compared with British Isles, 449 islets of, 453 illustration of ornithology of, 455 reptiles of, 456 amphibia of, 457 fresh-water fish of, 457 insects of, 458 Longicorns of, 458 Myriapoda of, 458 land-shells of, 459 ancient fauna of, 460 origin of fauna of, 460 poverty of insects in, 462 relations of insect-fauna and flora, 472 Nicobar Islands, their zoological relations, 332 Norfolk Island, birds of, 453 North America, remarks on Post-Pliocene Post-Pliocene fauna of, partly derived from Oriental region, concluding remarks on, 362 tables of distribution of animals of, 364 Oriental and Ethiopian faunas, cause of their Orohippus, N. American Tertiary, 136 Ovibos, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 Oxyana, N. American Tertiary, 134 insects of, 186 coleoptera of, 187 number of coleoptera of, 189 land-shells of, 190 sub-regions of, 190 general conclusions on the fauna of, 231 tables of distribution of animals of, 233 how best studied in its bearing on geo- as an introduction to the study of geo- Palæonyctis, European Eocene, 125 Palæoperdix, European Miocene, 161 Palæophrynus, European Miocene, 166 Palaoreas, Miocene of Greece, 116 Palæortyr, European Miocene, 161 Palaoryx, Miocene of Greece, 116 European Miocene, 117 Palaosyops, N. American Tertiary, 136 S. American Eocene, 148 Palæotragus, Miocene of Greece, 116 Palapterygide of New Zealand, 164 Paloplotherium, European Miocene, 119 Paludina, Eocene, 169 European Secondary, 169 Pampas, Pliocene deposits of, 146 Panolar, N. American Tertiary, 140 range of Palearctic genera of, 243 184 Pelagornis, European Miocene, 162 European Eocene, 126 Perchorus, N. American Tertiary, 137 probable southern limit of old Palearctic Perissodactyla, N. American Tertiary, 135 Phascolomys, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157 European Post-Pliocene, 161 Pheasants, in European Miocene, 161 eared, of Mongolia, 226 Phenacodus, N. American Tertiary, 138 origin of peculiar fauna of, 348 Physical changes affecting distribution, 7 Pliocene and Post-Pliocene faunas of Aus- tralia, 157 Pliohippus, N. American Tertiary, 135 reptiles of, 447 Post-Pliocene, mammalia of Europe, 110 fauna of N. America, 129 fauna of N. America, remarks on, 130 probable birthplace of, 153 range of Palearctic genera of, 239 Prince's Island, birds of, 266 range of Ethiopian genus, 303 Proboscidea, European Pliocene, 113 N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 of Brazilian caves, 144 S. American Pliocene, 147 Procamelus, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 N. American Tertiary, 138 Procyon, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 European Miocene, 118 Promerops of East Africa, figure of, 261 Propalæotherium, European Eocene, 126 Protemnodon, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157 Protohippus, N. American Tertiary, 135 range of Ethiopian genera of, 311 Pupa vetusta, Palæozoic, 169 R. Racoon-dog of N. China, 226 Rana, European Miocene, 166 Neotropical, defined, 78 Neotropical, subdivisions of, 78 Nearctic, defined, 79 Nearctic, distinct from Palæarctic, 79 Regions, zoological, 30 zoological, how they should be formed, 53 zoological, by what class of animals best for each class of animals, not advisable, zoological, proposed since 1857, 58 zoological, discussion of those proposed zoological, proportionate richness of, 64 Reptiles, means of dispersal of, 28 Miocene of Greece, 116 of Indian Miocene deposits, 123 of the Mediterranean sub-region, 204 of the East African sub-region, 260 S. African, 268 of Madagascar, 279 table of Ethiopian families of, 297 of Indo-Chinese sub-region, 331 of the Moluccas, 420 of the Polynesian sub-region, 447 table of Australian families of, 472 Rhea, in Brazilian caves, 164 European Pliocene, 113 Miocene of Greece, 116 Indian Miocene, 122 fossil remains of, at 16,000 feet elevation in Thibet, 122 fossil in N China, 123 N. American Tertiary, 136 Rhinoceros-hornbill, figure of, 339 Rhinocerotide, N. American Tertiary, 136 Rivers, limiting the range of mammalia, 12 range of Palearctic genera of, 242 N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 of Brazilian caves, 144 S. American Pliocene, 147 Saunders, Mr. Edward, on the Buprestidæ of Scelidotherium, in Brazilian caves, 145 S. American Pliocene, 147 Schistopleurum, 8. American Pliocene, 147 on limits of W. African sub-region, 262 Sciurus, European Miocene, 120 European Eocene, 126 Sciuravus, N. American Eocene, 140 why his six regions are adopted, 63 Secretary bird of Africa, figure of, 261 Miocene of Greece, 115 Indian Miocene, 121 |