which the valley ceases and the downs come down to the flat is 7 square miles. Six inches percolation per annum on this area gives a mean daily flow of 1,725,500 g. p. d., 34 inches 1,006,564 g. p. d., and 2 inches 575,169 g. p. d. In the autumn of 1883 the quantity of water was deficient at Worthing and also at West Worthing, which was supplied by Messrs. Brandon from a well close to the sea. On October 23rd, 1883, the Worthing Local Board commissioned me to report. I recommended them to sink a well 80 feet deep in the chalk at the foot of the downs and at the embouchure of the Finden Valley, and pump up to a reservoir north of Salvington, guaranteeing two inches in the driest seasons. This became known as the Downs Scheme. The reservoir was afterwards made by Messrs. Brandon on the nearest obtainable site. The Worthing Local Board approved the scheme, but unfortunately deferred its execution. In 1893 fever broke out, and the Corporation forthwith decided to adopt the Downs Scheme. On August 1st a Local Government Board inquiry was held at Worthing by Mr. Arnold Taylor, into the application of the Worthing Town Council for powers to borrow the funds necessary to carry out the Downs Scheme. I gave evidence on behalf of the Corporation, and after a long fight with the landowner, who refused to grant either site, for well or reservoir, the well has since been carried out by Mr. Mansergh, engineer to the Corporation, on the nearest piece of land that Colonel Wisden, the owner, would grant, on the recommendation of Mr. Baldwin Latham, to the original site. In the urgency of the case I recommended Captain Cortis at the inquiry to sink a temporary well at Lyons Farm, which he at once most generously did at his own expense, and from that well the town was supplied till the permanent well was finished.

On May 24, 1886, I made the first of a series of reports to the Woking Gas and Water Company, my instructions being to report "on the best means of obtaining a suffiIcient supply of water from the chalk to enable them to supply water in bulk to other companies in accordance "with demands which had been made and were likely to "be made for the same, and further to report upon the "whole resources of the chalk within practicable distance, " and the best site or sites and the best means of obtain"ing 400,000 g. p. d. of water from the chalk." Within the basin of the Wey the chalk east of Guildford measures hydrogeologically 11 square miles, and over 8 square miles of this area the water lies wholly above 200 feet+O. D. I recommended to sink a well in the chalk at East Horsley and drive E. and W. therefrom, giving a fall of 2 inches per mile towards the well. On March 25, 1887, in pursuance of further instructions, I reported a site on a corner field on the south side of the road at the 5th milestone from Guildford. The freehold of the land was purchased by the company, the gallery driven for 26 chains, or company's own land and partly virtue of a 99 years' lease from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and on condition that the vicarage should be supplied free of charge in perpetuity. The drift would have been carried further both ways but for the impossibility of obtaining a wayleave beneath lands adjoining at either end.

well was sunk, and a mile, partly under the under a glebe field in

The Bourne Mill stream issuing from the chalk near Farnham gave 600 cf. per min. May 7, 1886, and the Wey above its confluence 775 cf. per min., and below the junction the two together gauged about 1,360 cf. per min.

In the Loddon basin the Crondall springs, one of the feeders of the Whitewater, were flowing:

They issue at 270 feet, and the Itchell Springs at 260 feet,+O. D., and both pass under the Basingstoke Canal. The Itchell springs were flowing:

1,500,000 g. p. d. on May 13, 1886.

The Crondall and Itchell springs, united at Pilcot Mill feeders, were flowing 116.58 cf. per min. = 1,035,479 g. p. d., April 2, 1891. The two sets represent an area of 3.75 square miles of chalk, and square mile of tertiary draining from Farnham Hill. This little basin is almost free of population, and as the Itchell springs were within the parliamentary district of the Farnborough Water Company, who had a well in the Bagshots with no water in it but a little muddy fluid, and did not seem to know of the Itchell springs, I recommended the Woking Company to apply to Parliament for powers to buy up the Farnborough Company for the purpose of securing the Itchell springs. This was done by agreement with the Farnborough Company, but I believe the latter Company has since been resuscitated and has re-purchased their district.

Tracing the united Itchell and Crondall branch downwards, it gave just above its junction with the Whitewater 2,700,000 g. p. d. August 18, 1886, and the Whitewater just above its junction with the Blackwater on the same day 14,317,000 g. p. d.

Passing up to the sources of the Whitewater, Mr. Hennell gave Greywell springs as 10,500,000 g. p. d. in October, 1866, and 14,500,000 g. p. d. in March, 1867.

On April 2, 1891, they gave in one body at Castle

Mill 466.5 cf. per min. 4,181,916 g. p. d., or a smaller quantity than I had just gauged at Greywell Mill higher up (which, lying some little distance on the chalk, does not take them all), where I gauged 475 cf. per min. = 4,262,682 g. p. d.

Two chalk springs at Warnborough and Hillside join the Whitewater below Castle Mill. They gave on April 2, 1891:

Warnborough 52·5 g. p. m. = 471,135 g. p. d.

On April 2, 1891, I made as part of my evidence for the London Water Commission Bill of the Corporation of London a complete series of gaugings of all the springs issuing from the chalk of the basin of the Loddon. This chalk has a surface area of 56'6 square miles, but the subterranean water basin is computed at 64 square miles. The water ridge dividing the chalk basin of the Loddon from those of the Itchen and Test lies to the south of the surface ridge from near Bradley, through Church Oakley,

where it crosses the South Western Railway.

The

Itchell and Crondall stream at

Pilcot Mill

116.58

1,035,479

The total of 25,568,202 g. p. d. is at the rate of 9.99 inches percolation per annum on 645 square miles.

On November 28, 1886, I met the directors of the Farnham Water Company, who had asked me to advise them as to continuing a boring which they had put down in a field west of Castle Street. The ground level of the site was about 251 feet + O. D., and the boring had been carried through gault 170 feet, Folkestone sands about 110 feet, and Sandgate beds (and perhaps into the top of the Hythe beds) 77 feet, in all 357 feet. A sample of clay from the Sandgate beds similar to that worked in a brickfield south of Goldhill, and to that found at the base of the Sandgate beds at Churt, was preserved as taken from the lower part of the boring, but the depth was not marked. A little water rose from the Folkestone sands to 50 feet from the surface when first struck, thus confirming the 200 feet artesian contour line of the Folkestone sand water in my published hydrogeological map (Proc. Inst. C.E., vol. lxi. pt. iii.). On November 28 it stood 44 feet 6 inches from the surface, or 206 feet + O. D. I advised to stop the boring, and was then commissioned to report fully on a source for an increased supply of water to the town. After exhaustive surveys of the gravel cap on Farnham Hill-which consists of very large angular mixed with smaller flints, from which the town had been entirely supplied since 1836-the chalk, and lower greensand, I reported on May 11, 1886, in favour of, and afterwards sank, the present waterworks well, a well in the Folkestone sands, south of the Wey. The area of Folkestone sand contributory was estimated from the water contours to be square mile, equal to 79,333 g. p. d.