BY THE SAME AUTHOR

SCHOULER'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES (1783-1865). New and revised edition. 6 vols. 8vo. Volume VI (1861

1865) sold separately as History of the Civil War.

EIGHTY YEARS OF UNION (1783–1865). A shorter history, by extracts from this larger work.

THOMAS JEFFERSON. HISTorical Briefs, WITH BIOGRAPHY. CONSTITUTIOnal Studies, STATE AND FEDERAL.

By

JAMES SCHOULER

NEW YORK

DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY

PREFACE

THIS book is not a new narrative history of the Revolution, nor a new arrangement of old historical materials. It is an original study of life and manners, social, industrial and political, for the Revolutionary period. Newspapers, magazines and pamphlets of the period, old letters and diaries have been explored, and the results of a personal investigation among hidden but trustworthy matter are here set forth.

The substance of the present volume comprises occasional lectures given by the author before the Johns Hopkins University (1901-1905) while the present study was in progress.

February 1, 1905.

NOTE

THE following abbreviations are used in the citations of this volume: M. G. for Massachusetts Gazette; E. G. for Essex Gazette; N. E. C. for New England Chronicle; I. C. for Independent Chronicle; P. G. for Pennsylvania Gazette; P. C. for Pennsylvania Chronicle; P. J. for Pennsylvania Journal; V. G. for Virginia Gazette.