the urethra, it is preferable to thrust them back again into the bladder rather than to crush them in the canal or extract them by the meatus.

VIII. On a Case of Ovariotomy. By Dr. STILLING. (Deutsche Klinik,

Nos. 34 and 35.)

Dr. Stilling, the well-known anatomist of Cassel, takes the occasion of the relation of a successful case of ovariotomy to point out the fact of his having performed this operation so long ago as 1834, and again in 1848, the former case being attended with an unsuccessful and the latter with a successful result. He believes that to the precautions insisted upon by him as necessary in the management of the severed pedicle and the protection of the peritoneal cavity from subsequent effusions of pus or blood, much of the success of the later operations has been due. No author has, it seems, given him credit for these, it having become the fashion to describe the operations as performed after "the English method." [We fear his claim of any priority in the matter is rather a barren one, as it is very unlikely that any recent procedures have been influenced by these isolated cases published in obscure German periodicals more than twenty years since.]

IX. On a Tumour of the Scrotum with Milk-like Fluid (Galactocele).

By M. DEMARQUAY. (Gazette Méd., No. 41.)

The young man who is the subject of this case was operated upon in July, 1862, a quantity of fluid, exactly resembling milk in appearance, being withdrawn from a tumour on the left side of the scrotum. An account of this was published in the Comptes Rendus de la Société de Chirurgie' and 'L'Union Méd.' for 1862. The patient was entirely cured, but at the end of a year returned, having a similar tumour on the right side. About 100 grammes of milk-like fluid, situated in the tunica vaginalis, were withdrawn by means of the trocar, the testes being found in a healthy condition. An iodine injection was thrown in, and the patient soon recovered. On examining the fluid, which soon underwent partial coagulation, a great abundance of fatty globules was observed, and what is of greater interest, several transparent animalculæ of elongated cylindrical form and lively movement. From the resemblance of the form of these animalculæ to that of the vinegar eel, it was at first supposed that they might have become introduced accidentally into the fluid, but this idea was at once rejected. They were seen while the fluid was still warm by several microscopists, and their representations led M. Davaine, who was unable to detect them in the dried specimens of the fluid, to regard them as resembling very exactly the embryos of nematoïd worms. It is quite the character of embryos to be only recognisable during life, their decomposi tion after death being as rapid as that of infusoria. It may be of some interest to state that the patient was a native of Havannah.

X. Practical Remarks on Fractures in Children. By M. GUERSANT,
(Bull. de Thérapeutique, vol. lxv. Nos. 7 and 8.)

Fractures are as common in children as in aged persons. In both, the medullary canal of the long bones is large, and the walls of the diaphysis are thin; and in both, muscular power is feeble in its resistance to the effects of external violence. The fractures of children have this peculiarity about them, that they are sometimes incomplete, either from the bone bending and breaking only through half of its cylinder, or from its being, though broken right

through, held in position by the periosteum. This explains why we so seldom see riding and change of position in the fragments, and the rapidity and ease with which reparation is obtained. Even in compound fractures the perios teum sometimes remains sufficiently intact to prevent displacement. For the same reason crepitation is often absent, or very obscure, and manipulation must not be too freely employed for its discovery, as a complete may thus be rendered an incomplete fracture. An exact diagnosis is, in fact, sometimes difficult. In general, when the cases are simple, and the child in good health, union will take place with perfect regularity and without shortening. M Guersant has frequent visits from conscripts whom he has treated in childhood for fracture of the thigh, in the vain hope of obtaining certificates for exemption; but in many of the cases mere examination failed to show that fracture had ever existed. Even when there is some shortening of the femur, after awhile it ceases to be apparent, or a compensatory deviation of the pelvis is established. The union of fractures is sometimes retarded by acute disease; but with respect to the effect of rickets, this disease in its early stages impedes the formation of callus, which is not the case at its later period.

When we are not certain that a fracture is present, it is always best to apply an apparatus; and M. Guersant is of the opinion of Dupuytren, that the sooner apparatus is applied for fracture in children the better, taking great precautions to prevent or remove constriction. When in compound fractures the mutilation is considerable, continuous irrigation is an excellent method, which should afterwards be only gradually discontinued. Children recover better under these circumstances than adults; and when the injury is such as to render amputation necessary, its results are far more favourable than in the adult. M. Guersant has had frequently to regret not having more promptly decided upon its performance in cases in which the limbs have been crushed, primary amputation having been attended in his hands with more success than secondary. For crushed fingers or toes, however, cold irrigation, continued until the complete separation of the crushed parts, constitutes the best treatment.

In treating fractures in children, whenever, as is so often the case, frequent examination of the part has to be made, and in those of the lower extremity, in which the urine may defile the apparatus, Mr. Guersant prefers the movable apparatus, employing the immovable in cases not calling for such precautions. In the fractures of new-born children it suffices to retain the apparatus for twelve days; in those of about two years of age it will be prudent to require twenty days; and between the second and fifteenth year it should be kept on for an average of twenty-five days. It is rare at the end of these periods for consolidation not to have taken place.

XI. Summary.

Amputation.-Weber on Amputation above and below the Ankle. (Langenbeck Arch., vol. iv. No. 2-Critical comparison of the various operations.)Linhart on Tibio-tarsal Amputation. (Wurzburg. Med. Zeit., vol. iv. No. 4. Autopsy of a case three years after Pirogoff's Operation.)-Porter's New Mode of Arresting Hæmorrhage after Amputation. (Dublin Quarterly, Nov.)Volcker, Statistics of Amputation and Resection. (Langenb., vol. iv. No. 2. Tabular view of 119 cases occurring in Esmarch's Clinic at Kiel, 1854-62.) Anus.-Demarquay, Case of Littré's Operation for Imperforate Anus, the child living for near four months. (Gaz. des Hôp., No. 129.)

Astigmatism.-Bumstead, Remarks on Astigmatism. (Amer. Med. Times, yol. vii. No. 18.)

Bronchocele.-Gouget and Rozan, Accounts of Epidemic Bronchocele in Garrisons of Colmar and Briançon. (Recueil du Med. Milit., Nos. 45, 46, 47.) Cæsarean Operation.-Heillman, Successful Case of Cæsarean Operation. (Deutsche Klinik, No. 31.) (Langenb. Arch.,

Caries.-Volkmann, Histology of Caries and Ostitis. vol. iv. No. 2.)

Club-foot.-Hueter and Volkmann on the Etiology of Club Foot. (Langenb. Arch., vol. iv. No. 2; and Deutsche Klinik, Nos. 34, 35.)

Dislocation.-Richet, Two Cases of Dislocation of the Cervical Spine. (Gaz. des Hôp., No. 144.)-Demme on Dislocation of one side of the Pelvis. (Schweizerische Med. Zeit., vol. i. No. 3. A rare case of dislocation without fracture, accompanied by rupture of the kidney.)

Ear.-Brenner, Treatment of Diseases of the Ear by the Galvanic Current. (Virchow's Archiv, vol. xxviii. No. 1.)-Duplay, Review of Recent Works on the Pathology of the Ear. (Archives Gén., Nov.)-Bonnafont, Three Cases of Deafness from Osseous Tumours of the Meatus Externus.-(Bull. de l'Acad., Oct. 15.)-Anderson on Diseases of the Ceruminous Glands of the Ear. (Glasgow Journal, Oct.)-Pagenstecher on Perforating the Mastoïd Process. (Langenb. Arch., vol. iv. No. 2.)-Weber on a new Speculum Auris. (Deutsche Klinik, No. 44.)-Ockel, Report on Diseases of the Ear at the Maximilian Hospital in 1858-61. (Petersburg Med. Zeit., vol. v. No. 9.)— Grüber on Perforating the Membrana Tympani. (Allg. Wien. Med. Zeit., Nos. 39-43. The author is convinced that, with our better instruments and more exact diagnosis, this operation should be revived.)-Pollitzer, Contributions relating to Diseases of the Ear. (Ibid., Nos. 30-33. The author describes a simple apparatus for injecting the Eustachian tube, and enlarges upon its utility in diagnosis and treatment.)

Excision. Szymanowski on Partial Excision of the Sternum. (Deutsche Klinik, No. 31.)-Bennett, Case of Resection of Head of Humerus for Enchondroma. (American Quarterly, Oct.)-Eulenberg, Six Cases of Excision of the Hip-joint. (Greifswalder Med. Beitrage, vol. ii. No. 1.)

Eye.-Schiess, Contribution to the Statistics of the Diseases of the Eye. (Schweizensche Med. Zeit., vol. i. No. 3. Relates to nearly a thousand cases.) -Petrucci on Cataract Operations performed at Tours. (Gaz. des Hôp., No. 133. These cases, 247 in number, occurred during five years of M. Herpin's practice-the recoveries amount to 247, and the failures to 51.)

Fractures.-Doig, Notes on Fractures. (Glasgow Journal, Oct.)-Hodgkin, New Apparatus for Compound Fracture of Femur and Tibia. (Amer. Med. Times, vol. vii. No. 15.)-Allaire on Fracture of the Metacarpus. (Rec. de Med. Militaire, Nos. 43, 44. An elaborate memoir upon the subject.)— Palmer, New Apparatus for Fracture of the Clavicle. (American Quarterly, July)-Duer on a Case of Fracture of the Coronoid Process of the Ulna. (Ibid., October.)-Prince on the Treatment of Ununited Fracture. (Ibid.)— Lumniezer on Excision and Metallic Sutures for False Joint from Ununited Fractures. (Wien. Wochenschrift, Nos. 43, 44.)

Gun-shot Wounds.-Quesnoy on Extraction of a Ball which had remained in the Foot three and a half years. (Recueil de Med. Mil., No. 44.)---Howard, Treatment of Gun-shot Wounds of the Chest by hermetically sealing. (Amer. Med. Times, vol. vii. No. 14. By this term the author indicates what he states to be a very successful practice of cleaning and paring the edges of the wound down to the ribs, and then securing union by sutures and collodion.)

Hemeralopia.-Icard, Observations on Hemeralopia observed in a Military Hospital. (Mem. de la Soc. de Méd. de Lyon, vol. ii.)

Hernia.-Porter on Symes's Operation for the Radical Cure of Hernia. (Dublin Quarterly, Nov.)-Hufschmidt, Remarkable Cases of Operation for Hernia. (Schweizer, Med. Zeit., vol. ü. No. 1.)—Moor on Case of Congenital

273

Umbilical Hernia. (Ibid., No. 3. An interesting anatomical account, with the view of illustrating the origin of this form of hernia.)-Falges on a New Truss. (Gaz. des Hôp., No. 103.)-Goyrand on Performance of Operations for Hernia in Extreme Cases. (Gaz. Med., Nos. 48, 49. Goyrand insists upon the danger of temporizing in these cases, the exhausted state of the patient depending in fact upon the existence of the obstruction.)-Fleury on Hæmorrhage after Operations for Hernia, performed during the Catamenia. (Gaz. des Hộp., No. 137.)

Hospital Gangrene.-Hamilton, Table of Thirty-three Cases of Hospital Gangrene. (Amer. Med. Times, vol. vii. No. 18. The bromine treatment was found to be more successful than that by nitric acid.)

Jaw-Van Biervliet on Osteoplastic Excision of the Upper Jaw. (Bull. de l'Acad. de Belgique, No. 7.)-Debout on Mechanical Restoration of the Lower Jaw. (Bull. de Thérap., Nos. 4-9.)

Laryngoscope.-Merkel, Report on Recent Writings on the Laryngoscope. (Schmidt's Jahrb., No. 9.)-Turck, Clinical Illustrations by means of the Laryngoscope. (Wien. Allg. Med. Zeit., Nos. 29-34.)

Lithotomy-Chassaignac on the Employment of the Ecraseur in Lithotomy (Gaz. des Hôp., No. 122. Case related to the Society of Surgery, but received with no encouragement.)-Sandford, Remarkable Case in a Boy. (American Quarterly, July. There were 47 calculi removed, giving an aggregate weight of 2 oz., the bladder being filled by and contracting around the mass)-Dolbeau on a Remarkable Case. (Gaz. des Hôp., No. 101. The stone adhering to the bladder, could not be removed, and the patient died. The calculus measured 12 centimetres by 8, and weighed 151 drachms!)

Ophthalmoscope.-Just on Employment of the Ophthalmoscope for the Examination of Recruits. (Küchenmeister's Zeitschrift, No. 6.)

Orbit.-Maisonneuve on Subperiosteal Extirpation of an Eburnated Exostosis of the Orbit. (Gaz. Méd., No. 40. The author insists upon the great superiority of this procedure to that of attacking the tumour itself.)

Ovariotomy.-Crockatt on a Case of Ovariotomy. (Edinb. Monthly, Nov.) -Keith on Cases of Ovariotomy. (Ibid., Oct.)-Kimball on a Successful Case of Ovariotomy. (Boston Journal, vol. lviii. No. 20.)

Parotid Gland.-Verneuil on Extirpation of the Parotid with Preliminary Ligature of the Common Carotid. (Gaz. des Hôp., Nos. 110-132. An interesting discussion ensued at the Society of Surgery upon the general question of the propriety of preliminary ligatures.)

Phimosis.-Guersant on Operations for Phimosis in Children. (Bullet. de Thérap., vol. lxv. No. 4.

Plastic Operations.-Ollier on a Case of Rhinoplasty performed by means of Periosteal and Osseous Flaps. (Mém. de la Soc. de Méd. Lyons, vol. ii.)— Verhaeghe's Memoir on Perineoplasty. (Bull. de l'Acad. de Méd. de Belgique, No. 5.)-Lente on a Case of Cheiloplasty performed by Simonowski's method. (Amer. Med. Times, Sept. 12.)-Debout on Blepharoplasty. (Bull. de Thérap., vol. lxv. Nos. 3-6.)-Beck on Uranoplasty. (Langenbeck, Archiv, vol. iv. No. 2.)-Sédillot on Uranoplasty. (Gaz. Méd., No. 46.)-Warren on Operations for Cleft Palate. (American Quarterly, Oct.)

Polypus.-Moura-Bourdillon on Removal of Polypi of the Larynx. (Gaz. des Hộp., No. 129.)

Spina Bifida.-Case of Successful Operation for Spina Bifida. (Wien. Allg. Med. Zeit., Nos. 39–45.)

Spinal Column.-Thader on Spondylitis Deformans. (Langenbeck, Archiv, vol. iv. No. 2.)

The author deStrabismus.-Donders, Pathology of Strabismus. (Annales d'Oculistique, (Gaz. des Hộp., No. 135. Sept.)-Meyer on Strabismus. scribes an instrument for measuring the degree of strabismus.) 65-XXXIII.

18

Stricture.-Voillemier on a New Urethrotome. (Gaz. des Hôp., No. 119.) -Beyran on a New Rotatory Urethrotome. (Ibid., No. 104.)-Parmentier on Urethrotomy. (Union Méd., No. 129. The author relates cases from Demarquay's practice in illustration of the importance of regarding this operation as only adjuvatory to dilatation.)-Bron on Urethrotomy. (Comptes Rendus de la Soc. de. Méd. de Lyons, vol. ii. A discussion on the subject took place at the Lyons Medical Society.)-Dittel on the Varieties of Urinary Fistula consequent on Stricture. (Wien. Allg. Med. Zeit., Nos. 32, 33.)

Syphilis.-Diday on Irrenoculability of Chancre. (Mém. de la Soc. de Méd. de Lyon, vol. ii. With a discussion.)-Bron on the Transmission of Syphilis by Vaccination. (Schmidt's Jahrb., No. 10. A critical review of the writings upon the subject.)-Reade on Syphilitic Disease of the Nervous System. (Dublin Quarterly, Nov.)

Teeth.-Mitscherlich on Replantation and Transplantation of the Teeth. (Langenb. Archiv, vol. iv. No. 2.)

Tongue.-Maisonneuve on Extirpation of the Tongue by Cauterization en Flèches. (Gaz. des Hôp., No. 138.)-Demme on Glossitis and its Treatment. (Schweizerische Med. Zeit., vol. ii. No. 1.)

Tracheotomy.-Laborde on a Canula Easy of Removal. (Bull. de Thérap., vol. xv. No. 9.)-Szymanowski on the Operation of Tracheotomy. (Prag. Viertel., No. 3. A criticism on recent improvements in the operation.)

Tumours.-Spence, Operation for an enormous Tumour of the Face and Neck. (Dublin Quarterly, Nov.)

Uterus.-Kaberlé on Amputation of the Uterus and both Ovaries. (Presse Belge, No. 46. This operation was performed in consequence of the existence of a fibrous tumour of the uterus. Six months afterwards the patient continued quite well.)

Varix and Varicocele.-Sistach, Statistical Investigation of Varix and Varicocele. (Gaz. de Méd., Nos. 38-47. An elaborate memoir, prepared chiefly in relation to the exigencies of military service.)

Vesico-Vaginal Fistula.-Ulrich on Apparatus in Operations for VesicoVaginal Fistula. (Wien. Wochenblatt, No. 29.)-Cousot's Cases of Successful Treatment of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula by Cauterization. (Bull. de l'Acad. de Méd. de Belgique, No. 7.)

QUARTERLY REPORT ON MIDWIFERY.

BY ROBERT BARNES, M.D. Lond., F.R.C.P.

Obstetric Physician to, and Lecturer on Midwifery at, St. Thomas's Hospital.

I. THE UNIMPREGNATED STATE.

1. On the Tubo-ovarian Connecting Apparatus of Pank, and the Mechanism of the Transit of the Ovulum into the Fallopian Tube. By Dr. F. A. KEHRER. (Henle und Pfeuffer's Mag., 1863.)

2. The various Cysts of the Fallopian Tube. By Prof. C. HENNIG. (Arch. d. Heilk., 1863.)

3. On Chronic Uterine Infarctus. By Prof. SEYFERT. (Spit. Zeitung, 1863.) 1. DR. KEHRER has subjected to fresh examination the presumed discovery of Pank, in 1843, of an organic connexion between the ovary and the pavilion of the Fallopian tube by means of pseudo-membranous bridges formed at the time of ovulation. Pank concluded that these bridges of false membrane were not the result of morbid peritonitis, but have a physiological cause and function, their purpose being to favour the transmission of the ovulum into the Fallopian tube; and that, this function fulfilled, they undergo retrogressive metamorphosis. Dr. Kehrer's observations were made upon sows. He found that free