about half an interspace's width from the outer margin; beyond the submedian it is very faint, and above it the spot is broader; the third, slightly narrower, subparallel to the second, but running more nearly at right angles to the nervules, extends in a slightly sinuous course across the median interspaces only, tapering apically. In addition to these markings, there is a series of submarginal pale dots in the lower half of the wing, one in the narrow (upper median) and two in each of the broader interspaces, besides a larger roundish or subtransverse dark spot, deepening centrally in color, in the medio-submedian interspace, between the submarginal pale dots and the middle tongue of the large pale spot, which here tend to inclose the dark spot in an annular pale ring, and give it the appearance of a rather obscure ocellus. Above the tail, the fringe appears to be concolorous with the pale ground; below it, darker than the adjoining dark ground-color. The scales on the outer half of the front wing are two or three times as long as broad, with straight parallel sides, a well-rounded base, and a deeply combed apex, consisting of from three to five, usually four, entirely similar, equidistant, tapering, finely pointed teeth, of equal length, or the middle ones slightly larger, the outer ones at the edges of the scale, all nearly a third as long as the scale itself.

Length of body 22mm, of palpi 2.4mm, last joint of same 1.3mm, of antennæ 10.5mm, of club of same 2.5mm; breadth of latter 0.85mm, length of thorax 6.5mm, its breadth 5.5mm; expanse of wings 54mm; length of front wing 24.5mm, its outer margin 18mm, its inner margin 15mm; breadth of wing, 14.5mm; length of hind wing, excluding tail, 18mm; additional length of tail 3.25mm; breadth of latter at base 1mm, in the middle 0.55mm; greatest breadth of hind wing 16.75mm; length of abdomen 13mm; breadth of same 5mm

DIPTERA: PALEMBOLUS (πάλαι, ἔμβολος).

The dipterous family Hirmoneuridæ, or Nemestrinidæ, is composed of somewhat anomalous forms, allied to the Bombylide, with which they were formerly classed, but showing in the neuration of their wings a decided affinity to the Midaside. The family is divided by Loew into two sections, in one of which the mouth-parts are inconspicuous, while in the other they project far beyond the head, and may even extend to a length exceeding several times that of the body. It is a tropical family, and only a single species (Hirmoneura clausa Sack. from Texas) has been described from the United States, and only one more is known from North America. The genus now brought to light from the Tertiary rocks of Colorado is not only distinct from any previously known, but belongs to the rhyncocephalous division of the family, now first recorded from North America.

The head is narrower than the thorax; the labium twice as long as the thorax; labrum and other aculiform parts of the proboscis a little shorter, reaching as far as the base of the terminal knob of the probos

cis; clypeus exceedingly large, being longer than the head, nearly twice as long as broad, narrowing slightly, broadly rounded at the tip; antennæ apparently biarticulate, the basal joint being invisible, separated as widely as the eyes, the first (visible) joint cylindrical, scarcely longer than broad, the second semi-globular or bluntly conical, as broad at base as the first and of equal length and breadth; the style scarcely out of center, more than twice as large as the two joints combined, one-fourth their width at base, tapering on the apical half, composed of three joints, of which the terminal is as long as the other two combined, and the basal is a little longer than the middle joint; possibly the style has a minute basal joint, as in Megistorhynchus, but, if so, it must be so closely connected with the apex of the conical apical joint of the antennæ as to form a part of its curve. Eyes naked, separated in front by more than half their own width. As the palpi cannot be seen, it is probable that they are minute and wholly concealed beneath the head. Front equal, clothed rather abundantly with long bristles, more abundant away from the middle line. Thorax stout, of equal width with the abdomen; the latter is very much elongated in the female, tapers to a point, is more than twice as long as the thorax in the single specimen before me (where the joints are separated as widely as possible-probably half as long again as the thorax when in a natural position), and broadest on the second and third joints. Legs not preserved. Wings long and slender, tapering on the apical half, all the veins at the apex of the wing subparallel or equally converging toward the tip, having a general longitudinal direction; there are only two submarginal cells, and the peduncle of the third longitudinal vein is nearly one-third as long as the second submarginal cell; the base of the third longitudinal vein with a portion of the fourth and fifth and the middle bent portion of the anterior intercalary vein form together a continuous, nearly straight, scarcely arcuate, oblique, adventitious vein, extending from the second longitudinal vein near the middle of the wing to beyond the middle of the outer half of the posterior border; there are five posterior cells, of which the fourth is closed, and the third and fifth open upon the apical half of the posterior border; the third basal cell is barely open; there is no reticulation, and all the cells throughout the wing are of remarkably similar breadth.

This genus would undoubtedly fall into Nemestrina as originally founded; but several genera have been separated from it on good grounds, and the present form must stand in a similar relation to it Apparently it is more nearly related to the South African genus Megis torhynchus Macq. than to any other genus, but differs from it in the want of an additional closed submarginal cell and apical reticulation of the wings, in the remarkable straightness (as in Trichophthalma Westw.) of the accidental oblique vein beyond the middle of the wing, in the slenderness of the basal and discal cells, and in the simplicity and directness of the sixth longitudinal vein. It appears also to differ to a. slight extent in the antennæ.

Palembolus florigerus.-A wonderfully preserved specimen (No. 405) in which everything but the legs and palpi are visible, the parts of the proboscis being separated, was found in the shales of Florissant by Mrs. Hill. The entire body is very dark-colored, with black hairs; a minute tuft of spreading hairs is found at the middle of the upper base of the proboscis. The posterior flanks of the thorax are fringed with hairs, and broad open tufts adorn the sides of the 2d-4th and the middle of the posterior border of the 6th-7th abdominal segments, while the entire posterior border of the 4th-8th and the whole dorsal surface of the 9th segment are similarly adorned. Wings hyaline, immaculate, the anterior border straight until near the extremity, where it is strongly and regularly curved; posterior border gently convex, and at the middle bent, the apex rounded, placed below the middle of the wing and somewhat pointed. The second longitudinal vein takes its rise from the first before the middle of the wing, runs nearly parallel to it throughout its course, most distant from it in the middle. The third longitudinal vein originates from the second close to its origin, and still before the middle of the wing, and runs toward the middle of the outer half of the posterior border, half-way to which it strikes the small transverse vein, there turns toward the apex and soon forks, both branches running longitudinally. The fourth longitudinal vein arises from the fifth before the middle of the basal half of the wing, is almost immediately united, by an oblique vein running upward and outward, with the first longitudinal vein, and then continues in an arcuate course, not far distant from the veins on the other side of the first basal cell, to the small transverse vein; here, by a slight angle, it assumes nearly the course of this and the base of the third longitudinal vein, until it runs into the anterior intercalary vein, when it suddenly turns outward, and extends to the tip of the wing, parallel to the posterior border, a slight bend upward at its apex preventing it from striking the very tip of the wing; both the small or middle and the posterior transverse veins are exceedingly brief. The fifth longitudinal vein has a nearly direct course from the base to the middle of the outer half of the posterior border, but is twice bent; once at its extreme tip, where its apex forms part of the oblique adventitious vein, and is connected by the posterior transverse with the anterior intercalary vein; and again doubly, some way beyond its middle, where just beyond the tip of the sixth longitudinal vein it is united to the posterior border by the posterior basal transverse vein; here it bends forward nearly at right angles to meet the anterior intercalary vein, and almost immediately bends as suddenly to resume, by a slight curve, its original direction. The anterior intercalary vein, which plays so extraordinary a part in this family, originates from the lower edge of the fourth longitudinal, half-way from its origin to the small transverse vein, and runs parallel to and just outside of the posterior basal transverse vein, until it strikes the upturned bend of the fifth longitudinal vein, curving at the same time downward

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toward the final angle of the fourth longitudinal vein; here it unites with that vein for a very brief distance, then contributes its part toward the adventitious oblique vein, until close to the posterior border; when, at its union with the fifth longitudinal by the posterior transverse vein, it suddenly bends outward, and running parallel to and midway between the extremity of the fourth longitudinal vein and the posterior border, terminates just below the tip of the wing. The third and fifth posterior cells are of nearly equal length.

Length of body (exclusive of proboscis, but with abdominal segments extended) 19mm, of head 3mm, breadth of same 3.75mm; length of proboscis 12.5mm, of labrum, etc., 11mm, of clypeus 3.15mm, breadth of same at base 1.9mm; length of antennæ 1.5mm, of style 1mm; breadth of base of antennæ 0.2mm, of basal joints of style 0.05mm; length of thorax 5.5mm breadth of same 5.35mm; length of wing 12mm, breadth of same in middle 3.25mm; length of first basal cell 4.75mm, breadth of same in middle 0.4mm; length of abdomen as preserved 10.5mm, same with segments naturally withdrawn 7mm, breadth of second and third joints 5.5mm.

COLEOPTERA: PAROLAMIA (Ňpos, Lamia-nom. gen.).

A genus of Cerambycidæ, closely allied to Lamia, but differing from it in the brevity of the head and the structure of the antennæ. Body heavy, moderately elongated. The head is less than half as long as the prothorax, with less prominent and more nearly approximate antennal tubercles, as compared with Lamia. Antennæ moderately slender, half as long again as the body, composed of eleven joints, each cylindrical, scarcely expanded at the distal extremity; the basal joint is short and stout, its length less than half the width of the head, less than twice as long as broad, tapering apically almost as much as at base; the second joint small, of equal diameter with the succeeding, and broader than long; the remaining joints subequal in length, each equal in width until close to its tip, when it expands slightly, the terminal a little shorter than the penultimate. Prothorax transverse, with a not very large spine on either side; scutellum larger than in Lamia. Tegmina not connate, together more than half as broad again as the base of the pronotum, but with rounded humeral angles, not in the least produced, and with no basal tubercles; they are nearly parallel in their basal half, but beyond taper regularly, though but slightly, the tip rounded, but not so declivant exteriorly as in Lamia. Last segment of the abdomen transverse, but longer than in Lamia, broadly and regularly rounded, with no excision of the apex.

This insect is interesting from its belonging to a group not now represented on this continent, the true Lamioides, which are found exclusively in Europe and Africa, and have their home in the Mediterranean region. Our nearest allies are the species of Monohammus. In its form, and the sculpturing of the surface, it most recalls the genus Lamia proper, but differs from it as well as from the neighboring gen

era in important particulars, which will, perhaps, be increased in number when other specimens permit us to know the peculiarities of the structure of the legs and sternal surface.

Parolamia rudis.-A single well-preserved specimen (No. 7807) was obtained in the Florissant beds. The elytra are parted and thrust forward upon the prothorax, concealing its outer posterior portions; but this permits the abdomen to be seen, and all other parts which could be seen on a dorsal view are present excepting the legs. The head is nearly smooth, or appears to be slightly scabrous; the antennæ are nearly smooth, the basal joint mesially carinate above, the last joint bluntly pointed. Prothorax subquadrate, a little transverse, the extent of the lateral spines concealed; surface rather coarsely and pretty uniformly scabrous. Elytra coarsely granulate at the base, the granulations becoming gradually fainter until they disappear, the apical quarter being free, although the surface is not uniform; outer and inner edge minutely marginate. A fragment of one of the wings remains, showing that the insect was not apterous.

Length of body 22.5mm, of head 2.5mm, of thorax 4mm, of abdomen 16mm, of antennæ 26.5m, first joint of same 2.5mm, its width 1.25mm, length of third joint 4.5mm, its width at base 0.7mm, at tip 0.9mm, length of penultimate joint 4, its width at base 0.5mm, at tip 0.6mm, length of last joint 3.25mm; width of prothorax, exclusive of spine, 6mm; width of elytron at base 4.5mm, in middle 4.25mm, at one millimeter from tip 2.5mm; length of elytron 14mm.

HEMIPTERA: PETROLYSTRA (πéτρо5, Lystra-nom. gen.).

One of the most striking instances of tropical affinities in the Tertiary shales of Florissant is found in the presence of two species of a genus of huge Homoptera, rivaling the famous lantern-fly of South America in size, but differing in neuration and other features from any genus hitherto described. At first glance one would think it belonged to the Fulgorida, a subfamily which, with Cicadina, includes most of the larger forms of the suborder, and to be somewhat nearly allied to Paralystra ; but it differs from this, and so far as I can determine from all Fulgorina, in the minuteness of the scutellum, and must be referred instead to the Aphrophorina, although very much larger than any species of that group which I find noticed, while in comparison with the temperate forms of that subfamily it is gigantic, our own largest species not exceeding onefourth its length.

The body is robust, the head large, apparently flat above, about twice as broad as long, but considerably narrower than the thorax, the front regularly and very broadly convex; clypeus about half as broad as the head, somewhat convex, coarsely carinate down the middle with distinct lateral transverse rugæ; ocelli indeterminate; rostrum shorter than the breadth of the tegmina. Thorax broadening posteriorly, continuing the curve of the head; the front margin rather deeply and very