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KENV YN, GEORGE, Cardiff, grocer. Ct. Cardiff. Order, March 9.
KYME, JOHN APPLEYARD, Great Grimsby, bootmaker. Ct. Great Grimsby. Order,
March 8.

LOWE, RICHARD, Tottenham, corn chandler. Ct. High Court. Order, March 11.
LYNE, JAMES, late Liskeard, carpenter Ct. East Stonehouse. Order, March 11.
LEACH, GEORGE ALFRED, Buckland, upholsterer. Ct. Portsmouth. Order, March 8.
MUNDY, J. B., Tonypandy, fruiterer. Ct. Cardiff. Order, March 9.
MURRAY, CHARLES, Low Walker, grocer. Ct. Newcastle-on-Tyne. Order, March 11.
MORRIS, THOMAS, Keyston, farmer. Ct. Northampton. Order, March 8.
MCALL, GILBERT, and WIDDESON, HARRY THOMAS, Poole, schoolmasters.
Order, March 9.

MEERS, SUSAN, York, provision dealer. Ct. York. Order, March 9.
NEWMAN, THOMAS, Caledonian-rd, boot manufacturer. Ct. High Court.
March 11.

Ct. Poole.

Order,

POTTS, GEORGE, Blyth, hardwareman. Ct. Newcastle-on-Tyne. Order, March 9.
RAWCLIFFE, JOHN, Preston, monumental mason. Ct. Preston. Order, March 10.
RIPPON, ALFRED ALBERT, Saffron Walden, tobacconist. Ct. Cambridge. Order,
March 10.

SIDDAWAY, THOMAS WILLIAM. late West Bromwich, ironfounder.
Bromwich. Order, March 9.

Ct. West

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SPENCER, THOMAS, Rochdale, cooper.

Ct. Oldham. Order, March 9.

SELVEY, ROBERT JOSEPH, Birmingham, surgeon-dentist. Ct. Birmingham. Order,
March 10.

TOLSON, CHARLES EDWARD. Dewsbury, yarn spinner. Ct. Dewsbury. Order, March 9.
THORNHILL, GEORGE, Wetley Rocks, farmer. Ct. Hanley, Burslem, and Tunstall.
Order, March 11.

TAYLOR, WILLIAM, Leicester, late butcher. Ct. Leicester. Order, March 9.
WESTERBY, CHARLES ALBERT, Hagworthingham, farmer. Ct. Lincoln.
March 9.

WHITNEY, JOHN THOMAS, Burton Latimer, builder. Ct. Northampton.
March 11.

WALTER, WALTER HARVEY, late Faringdon, builder. Ct. Southampton.
March 9.

Order,
Order,
Order,

WELLS, CHARLES DEVILLE, late Great Portland-st, financier. Ct. High Court. Order,
March 9.
WILSON, KENNETH, Birmingham, draper. Ct. Birmingham. Order, March 9.

ORDER FOR ADJUDICATION OF BANKRUPTCY AND ANNULMENT OF
COMPOSITION OR SCHEME OF ARRANGEMENT.
GAZETTE, MARCH 14.

MERTON, JOSEPH SIDNEY, Selborne-chmbrs, Chancery-la, solicitor. Ct. High Court.
Adjudication, Feb. 24, 1893. Pet. Nov. 30, 1889. Annulment, Feb. 24, 189;
composition approved by the court on March 14, 1890.

Winding-up of Companies.

THE COMPANIES ACTS 1862 TO 1890.
FIRST MEETINGS.
GAZETTE, MARCH 10.

HOUSE AND LAND INVESTMENT TRUST LIMITED, Savoy Hill-house, Savoy-hill.
Ct. High Court. Meeting, creditors, March 28, at 11.30; contributories, at 2, at
Holborn Restaurant, High Holborn.

REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY LIMITED, Victoria-st, Westminster. Ct. High Court.
Meeting, creditors, March 21, at 11; contributories, at noon at 33, Carey-st.

THE

YÖST

GAZETTE, MARCH 14.

C. T. JEFFERIES AND SONS LIMITED, Bristol. Ct. Bristol (by transfer from the High
Court). Meeting, creditors, March 29, at 2; contributories, at 3.30, at Inns of
Court hotel, High Holborn.

J. W. HOBBS AND COMPANY LIMITED, Adam-st, Strand. Ct. High Court. Meeting.
creditors, March 22, at 11, at Holborn Restaurant, Holborn; contributories, at
12.30, at 33, Carey-st.

JUNIOR RALEIGH CLUB LIMITED, Burne-st, Edgware-rd. Ct. High Court. Meeting.
creditors, March 23, at 11, at Holborn Restaurant, Holborn; contributories, at
noon, at 33, Carey-st.

NOTICES OF DAYS APPOINTED FOR PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS.
GAZETTE, MARCH 14.

BRITISH CATTLE FOODS COMPANY LIMITED, Cross-st, Essex-rd, Islington. Ct. High
Court. Exam. May 1, at 11, at Bankruptcy-bldgs.

DEE OIL COMPANY LIMITED, Leadenhall-st. Ct. High Court. Exam. March 15, at 11,
at Bankruptcy-bldgs.
HOUSE AND LAND INVESTMENT TRUST LIMITED, Savoy Hill House, Savoy Hill, Thames
Embankment. Ct. High Court. Exam. March 24, at 11, at Bankruptcy-bldgs.
NOTICE OF INTENDED DIVIDEND.
GAZETTE, MARCH 10.

PATENT FEED BAG SYNDICATE LIMITED, Euston-rd. Ct. High Court.
proofs, March 25. Liquidator, Charles John Stewart, 33, Carey-st.

Last day fo

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS.
ASCROFT.-On the 9th inst., at Kenton Villa, Oldham, the wife of James H. Ascroft,
Solicitor, of a daughter.
MARRIAGES.

BOURNE-SALTER.-On the 7th inst., at Christ Church, Marylebone, Hugh Clarence
Bourne, M.A., Barrister-at-law, to Katharine Hyde, only daughter of the late Dr.
Hyde Salter, F.R.S.
BRISTOWE-GANDY.-On the 8th inst., at St. Andrew's, Penrith, Ernest Mason, eldest
son of the late T. Lynn Bristowe, M.P., of 55, Cadogan-sq, S. W., to Annora,
younger daughter of the late Capt. Gandy, J.P., D.L., of Skirsgill Park, Penrith.
READ-FISH.-On the 11th inst., at St. John's Church, Broughton, Manchester, by the
Rev. S. Y. B. Bradshaw, vicar of Holy Trinity Church, South Shore, assisted by
the Rev. S. Swinburne, rector of the parish, William J. Read, of Blackpool,
Solicitor, to Clara, third daughter of Councillor James Fish, J.P., of South Shore
and Hampton Lodge, Broughton. No cards.
DEATHS.

BOND.-On the 10th inst., at Bournemouth, Thomas Bond, of Tyneham, in the county
of Dorset, Barrister-at-law, of Lincoln's-inn, and J.P.. aged 87.
HUGHES.-On the 2nd inst., at Maidstone Cottage, Upper Tulse-hill, in his 82nd year.
Seneca Hughes, Solicitor, of the firm of S. Hughes and Sons, 33, Bedford-st,
Covent-garden, son of the late William Hughes, Solicitor, of London.
MARTIN-LEAKE.-On the 7th inst., at Marshalls, Stephen Martin-Leake, of Thorpe
Hall, Essex, and Marshalls, Ware, Herts, Barrister-at-law, of the Middle Temple,
J.P., aged 66.

MCCALL. On the 13th inst., at 28, Lexham-grdns, W., Stanley, younger son of R. A.
McCall, Q.C.

SUTTON.-On the 7th inst., at his residence, 22, Harcourt-st, Dublin, Frederick Sutton,
Solicitor, aged 78.

WALLER.-On the 27th ult., at Wellington, New Zealand, Henry Robert Waller, of
6, Lincoln's-inn-flds, and Collyers, Nazeing, Essex, aged 39.

TYPE-WRITER

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From George Hodson, Esq., Mem. Inst. C.E., Loughborough, May 11, 1892. DEAR SIRS,-Tangyes Limited, of Birmingham, have recommended your Type-writer as the best known to them. I inclose cheque, and should be glad if you will send me one of your latest pattern. (Signed) GEORGE HODSON. [This statement of Messrs. Tangyes is additionally valuable, from the fact that it has not been made directly to ourselves, but to one of their customers, and also that Messrs. Tangyes have had the Machines which they purchased from this Company about twelve months; and we understand that they have in their various places of business over thirty Type-writers of different makes.]

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LIVERPOOL-67a, Lord-street. BIRMINGHAM-73, Temple-row
GLASGOW-112, Saint Vincent-street.

MANCHESTER-3, Deansgate.
LEEDS-21, New Station-street.

To Readers and Correspondents.

All communications must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Anonymous communications are invariably rejected.

All communications intended for the Editorial Department should, in order to prevent delay, be addressed to the "EDITOR OF THE LAW TIMES." Advertisements, orders for papers, &c., should be kept distinct, and addressed to the Publisher, Mr. HORACE Cox,Law Times" Office, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E. C.

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REMINDERS for CONVEYANCERS. with References to some of

the best Precedents. By HERBERT M. BROUGHTON, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law.

CONTENTS:-Abbreviations-Advising on Title-Conditions of Sale-ConveyancesDisentailing Deeds Leases - Mortgages Partnership Articles Releases Settlements: Personalty; Realty; Voluntary-Wills.

HORACE COX, "Law Times " Office, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.C.

Now ready, cloth boards, price 38. 6d.

THE EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY ACT 1880, as applicable to England, Ireland, and Wales, with Decisions, Notes, and Explanations. By R. M. MINTON-SENHOUSE, Barrister-at-Law, of the Inner Temple.

"The book is further improved by a good reference to the amendments proposed to be made to the statute by the Bill of 1890."-Insurance Monitor.

"Mr. Minton-Senhouse has condensed all that is necessary to be said in a hundred pages."-Echo.

This is a careful, minute digest of this very incomprehensible Act, by a barrister, who certainly throws much light thereon. Both employers and employed would do well to procure and study it."-Reynolds' Newspaper.

"All the cases are fully quoted, and the subject dealt with in a very clear and comprehensive manner."-Manchester Guardian.

London: HORACE COX, "Law Times" Office, Bream's-buildings, E. C.

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ments of master on account of ship -Authority to pledge credit of owner JUDICIAL COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL.

CARR . FOWLE.-Revenue-Land tax -Abolition of extraordinary charge by way of tithe on hop grounds and fruit plantations

LEADING ARTICLES, &c.

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TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS... 475 LEADING ARTICLES.-Topics of the Week-The Bar and its Governors -Constitutional Novelties of the Home Rule Bill-A Lessee's Prescriptive Rights to Light-Maintenance of Infants, II.

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PARLIAMENTARY SUMMARY
NOTES OF RECENT DECISIONS NOT YET
REPORTED

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482 THE LEGAL HUMOURIST. - An Engineer's Joke-A Judge-Adequate : To the Occasion The Country Lawyer-Nothing like Leather 486 CRIMINAL LAW AND THE JURISDICTION OF MAGISTRATES.-Quarter Sessions -Topic LAW LIBRARY COUNTY COURTS. Sittings of the Courts.... PROCEEDINGS AFFECTING THE PROFESSION GENERAL INTELLIGENCE Sheriffs appointed by Her Majesty in Council for the year 1893-Sir Henry James on the Law Officers-Heirs-at-Law and Next of Kin - Appointments under the Joint Stock Winding-up Acts Creditors under Estates in Chancery Creditors under 22 & 23 Vict. c. 35 489

PROMOTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS LAW SOCIETIES.-Solicitors' Bevevolent Association - Proceedings of the New York State Bar Association-The Incorporated Law Society of Ireland

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Re GODDEN; TEAGUE . Fox.-Administration-Tenant for life and remainderman-Moneys received as mortgagee in possession-Apportionment between capital and income 116 SCHOLEY v. PECK; Re METCALFE AND SHARPE (Solicitors). — Solicitor Charging order-Property recovered or preserved-Solicitors Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 127), s. 28 QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION. HOWARD AND MASON r. SADLER.Practice-Charging order-Railway company-Director-Shares held for purpose of qualification-Possession of shares... COBB r. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY.-Railway-PassengerNegligence of company's servantsDuty of, to assist passenger who has been robbed-Contract of carriage... 122 Vol. XCIV.-No. 2608.

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NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.

GOOD FRIDAY.-Next week the LAW TIMES will be published on Thursday morning. Advertisements, to insure insertion, must reach the office not later than Wednesday at 6 p.m.

The Law and the Lawyers.

THERE will be continuous sittings of the High Court in the provinces before long. The Lancashire merchants and solicitors have made up their minds about it, and any opposition from the judges only inflames their zeal. There is every reason to expect the development of a formidable organisation which the Chancellor of the day will find it difficult to oppose. Lord HERSCHELL has disappointed his

old clients-but the thing will have to be done.

CHANGES in legal procedure are taking place quietly and almost imperceptibly, and much of the old superstition that litigation to be remunerative must be expensive is disappearing. The truth must be acknowledged that business men will not pay the same price for law which has been paid hitherto. They will not be harassed by delay in coming to trial and uncertainty when they get there. Give them economy, give them expedition, and they will gladly submit their differences to judicial decision.

OUR readers are aware of what is being done in Admiralty. Questions on marine policies and the like are most cheaply and without any delay whatever brought into court and decided. What is the profit to the solicitor? Ten poundsperhaps fifteen. Of course that would not suit the gentlemen who like to build up the lofty bill and revel in the dodges of taxation, bringing out a grand total which ruins the clientwho returns no more. But when the £10 case becomes one of fifty the profit briskly earned becomes a respectable aggregate. And this we are credibly informed is what is happening. Where five clients would go to law on the old lines, 100 will go on the new. Cheap law means much litigation of the right kind-not vindictive, but in aid of business. If lawyers desire to make money, let them simplify and cheapen their procedure.

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CHANCERY judges are great offenders in the matter of filling their judgments with the citation of cases, and quotations from previous judicial expositions. Mr. Justice NORTH and Mr. Justice STIRLING are particularly prone to this undue weighting of their decisions. Take Barber V. Penley (March 21): the complaint being that a theatre attracted crowds which obstructed access to neighbouring premises. "His Lordship (Mr. Justice NORTH)," we are told, sidered numerous authorities from an early date." objects to this if such research is necessary to settle a doubtful point of law; but when the conclusion is that a crowd was just what experience ought to have led Mr. PENLEY to expect, and in fact the crowd proved a nuisance, the thing is in a nutshell. We are not the only critics of inflated judgments the more cases there are which may be cited, the less patient are lawyers when they are cited. Declare the principle with reasons for it, and let those who wish to quarrel with it go to the books to prove it wrong.

A RUSSIAN Government Committee has drawn up a scheme for the reform of the jury system, by virtue of which numerous categories of cases will no longer be brought before juries. We believe the time will soon come in this country when jury trials will be comparatively rare. The best cases, involving substantial and not merely sentimental issues, are now found in the non-jury lists.

WE reproduce the remarks of Sir HENRY JAMES in the recent debate on the employment and emoluments of law officers. It is a solemn fact that he thinks that a law officer who does his duty to the Crown has quite enough to do. He considers that Sir JOHN KARSLAKE killed himself in endeavouring to do his duty to the Crown and to private clients. If Sir HENRY is right in his view-and we believe he took very little private practice when he was Attorney-General-it becomes not a question of expediency but of conscience with lawyers whether they should permit themselves to perform duties which are incompatible with the higher duties of law officers of the Crown. On this ground alone, we strongly advocate exclusion from private practice.

66

THE old order changeth. It is true that both barristers and solicitors complain of the scarcity of clients. Yet that "clients" abound. Auctioneers have "clients;" accountants have "clients;" the petty house agent has clients." To this we have long grown accustomed. But it seems that the modern use of the term extends far beyond the limits of the non-shopkeeping class. Attention has been called to this curious development by our contemporary the County Gentleman, whose representative observed the free reference to clients which was made by various speakers at the re-opening of a restaurant in the Haymarket. "I noticed," says the County Gentleman, "the fine misuse of the word 'client' made by all the furnishers and fitters who bubbled into speech. The malappropriation of the terms of the Law and the Bar is the distinctive feature of la haute commerce, if West-end tradesmen on a large scale come under that head." In short it comes to this, that, nowadays, it is only the lawyer who has no clients, or none worth mentioning.

A CURIOUS legal deadlock has occurred in the Isle of Wight, owing to a conflict of opinion as to the functionary who should be responsible for the voters' register. On the one hand, authority is claimed by the town clerk of Newport; on the other it is asserted by the clerk to the Isle of Wight County Council. Each of these gentlemen is a solicitor, and has taken counsel's opinion. The ex-ATTORNEY-GENERAL has advised, Sir HORACE DAVEY has advised, Sir HENRY JAMES has advised. All these learned counsel speak with doubt, and foresee difficulty. In fact, it has been reserved for Mr. BULLEN, the latest adviser, to discover the sweet simplicity of the whole thing. Let the County Council direct their clerk to do the work of the office, leaving the town clerk to do it also, and to sue for his salary if he thinks fit. That is Mr. BULLEN's idea of the way out. But, according to the newspaper report, the County Councillors do not seem to see it.

APROPOS of holding a multitude of directorships, upon which we had something to say last week, it must not be supposed that lawyers are the greediest among "guinea pigs;" although some of them, according to the Directory of Directors, have certainly shown themselves capable of great things in the way of absorption and assimilation. According to an evening paper, the palm should be awarded to a Scottish peer-Lord THURLow-who is, it is true, of legal descent. Mr. H. H. FOWLER directs only seven companies; Mr. SAMUEL POPE, Q.C. takes a hand in the management of not more than five. Even the late Sir CHARLES LEWIS drew the line at thirteen. But Lord THURLOw is a director of no less than twenty-seven, and, it is reported, is prepared also to fill the vacant post of Lord in Waiting, to say nothing of the position of Lord High Commissioner of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. His Lordship ought to possess the gift of ubiquity.

WITH regard to the conviction of a member of the London County Council for felony, and the consequent question as to

his retaining membership of that body, our attention has been drawn to a provision in the Act of 1870 abolishing forfeitures for felony, which we omitted to notice. Sect. 2 of the Act (33 & 34 Vict. c. 23) provides that such a conviction shall vacate a civil and military office or the like, "unless such person shall receive a free pardon from HER MAJESTY within two months after such conviction, or before the filling up of such office, &c., if given at a later period." Further, the various incapacities, such as that of exercising the municipal franchise, which is the important one in this case, continue until the delinquent has suffered his punishment or received a free pardon. It has been argued that in HENDERSON's case a free pardon would remove the disqualification, but that this must be granted within two months of the conviction under the first part of the section. To our reading, HENDERSON'S seat is not vacant under that clause, but could be declared vacant on petition, or by reason of his municipal incapacity, under the second clause. In that case, however, the limit of

two months would not apply. A free pardon at any time before the expiry of the sentence would remove the incapacity and hence would prevent a petition to disqualify from being brought with success. If the convict should, however, suffer his punishment, he would seemingly be again eligible as a London County Councillor.

WE cannot see any justification for the Bill to exempt persons from the liability of maintaining pauper relations. Justices are careful enough already in inquiring into the means of the individuals to be charged before they make an order for the maintenance of a pauper relation. The present proposal is, that no one shall be ordered to contribute unless his total earnings and income from all sources come up to a highwater mark, which is fixed at twenty shillings a week for an unmarried person or a widower or widow having no child or children maintained by or dependent for support upon him or her; and at thirty shillings a week for a married person or a widower or widow having a child or children upon his or her hands. This suggested rule will not apply to the maintenance of the child or children of the proposed contributory. But it will tie the magistrates' hands, and prevent them from making an order under the Poor Relief Act 1601 (43 Eliz. c. 2), as amended by the Poor Relief Act 1819 (59 Geo. 3, c. 12, sect. 26, and the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 (4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 76), sect. 56, upon any person who is not shown to have the required means. We dislike such proposals as this. You must trust the magistrates. Put suitable working men on the bench if you will; but do not tie the hands of the bench by any such hard-and-fast rules of earnings. Each case must depend upon its own circumstances, and the discretion of the magistrates must be exercised accordingly.

THE Public Authorities Bill, introduced by the LORD CHANCELLOR, will very considerably simplify the law in a desirable direction, namely, as to the time within which actions may be brought against persons acting in the execution of statutory or other public duties, and as to the giving of notice of such actions. No greater pitfalls existed than as to the giving of this notice and the time within which it was to be given, and the time within which the action had to be commenced. These times varied very widely, and depended upon a large number of Acts of Parliament, and the object of the present Bill-which is intituled "An Act to generalise and amend certain statutory provisions for the protection of persons acting in the execution of statutory and other public duties -is to provide uniformity in all such cases and so thereby prevent, as the memorandum states, inconvenience and occasional failures of justice. There are but two operative sections in the Act, and, beginning with the second, it repeals so much of any Act as provides for the commencement of any proceeding to which the Bill is to apply in any particular place, or within any particular time, or that requires notice

of action to be given, or that the defendant is to be entitled to any particular amount or kind of costs, or that the plaintiff is to be deprived of costs, or that the defendant may plead the general issue. Then the first section, which consists of five sub-sections, provides that the "action, prosecution, or proceeding," brought against any person for any act done in the execution of any statutory or other public duty or authority, shall not be commenced except within six months next after the act complained of. This introduces a uniform period of limitation of six months in all cases instead of the variable period of limitation which has hitherto depended on special Acts of Parliament in each case. The next sub-section

provides as to the place of trial-that the action shall be tried in the county or place where the cause of action arose, unless a court or judge otherwise orders. The third subsection deals with costs, and provides that, when judgment is obtained by the defendant, such judgment shall carry costs as between solicitor and client. Some of the earlier statutes gave the defendant double or treble costs if he succeeded. Uniformity in this respect is now secured by providing that, in all cases where the defendant succeeds, he is to get his taxed costs as between solicitor and client. The next two sub-sections deal with tender of amends, and are analogous to the rules as to payment of money into court. The chief changes introduced by the Bill, therefore, are the abolition of the notice of action and the right to plead the general issue, and the substitution of a six months' limitation in all cases.

ANOTHER useful little Bill, introduced by the LORD CHANCELLOR, is a Bill to amend the law of evidence in criminal cases so as to permit any person charged with an offence, and the wife or husband of the person so charged, to give evidence and to be a competent witness, whether the person so charged is charged solely or jointly with any other person. There are certain limitations to this right contained in a number of provisoes, such as that a person so charged shall not be called as a witness without his consent, and the wife or husband of the person charged shall not be called without the consent of the person charged, but if the person charged elects to give evidence as a witness, he cannot refuse to answer questions on the ground that they will criminate him as to the offence charged, but a person called as a witness under this Act may refuse to answer any question tending to show that any person charged has committed or been convicted of any offences other than that with which he is charged, or is of bad character. This provision, however, is not to avail for the benefit of the person charged, if the person so charged has asked questions of the witnesses for the prosecution with a view to establish his good character, or has given evidence of good character.

PRIVATE members have not much chance nowadays, but if there is one of their Bills which deserves a good chance it is the Clubs Registration Bill, for which Mr. T. A. NEWDIGATE, Captain GRICE HUTCHINSON, Mr. CAINE, Sir ALBERT ROLLIT, Mr. GORDON, and Mr. WEBSTER are responsible. The object of this Bill is to facilitate the discovery of bogus clubs, which, although ostensibly constituted and managed like bona fide clubs, are not really so constituted or managed, and exist principally, if not wholly, for the purpose of evading the Licensing Acts and escaping Excise duties, and enabling persons to obtain intoxicating liquors on unlicensed premises which are kept by persons who are unlicensed, and pay no Excise duties. To effect this end the Bill provides for three things: (1) for compulsory registration of every club using unlicensed premises wherein intoxicating liquor may be obtained, and of full particulars as to the condition and management of such club; (2) for prohibiting any such club being constituted or managed at variance with the constitution and management thereof, as indicated by the particulars registered as to the same; and (3) for requiring annual returns to be made Second Sheet.

of the names of members of clubs. Such rules as these will no more hurt the members of really bona fide clubs than do the rules as to the return of companies to Somerset House injure genuine companies. The Bill also seeks to impose restrictions upon the user of clubs, with a view to checking illicit drinking, as by limiting the number of honorary members and prohibiting membership under the age of eighteen. But it makes no attempt to necessitate the taking out of a licence by or in respect of any person or premises not otherwise required by law to be licensed, nor to exempt any person or premises required to be licensed from being so licensed. We wish the Bill better success than it is likely to obtain.

THE locus classicus of a condition restrictive of the purchaser's rights, which did go to the root of the title, is Re Marsh and Earl of Granville (48 L. T. Rep. N. S. 947; 24 Ch. Div. 1). It was stipulated that the title should commence with a certain indenture dated less than forty years before the date of the contract. When the title came to be investigated, it turned out that the indenture mentioned was in part a settlement and in part a voluntary trust for sale, and contained a power for the grantor to revoke the trusts. The vendors refused to show any earlier title, and took out a vendor and purchaser's summons, asking for a declaration that the purchaser was precluded from insisting on certain requisitions in reference to it, but the Court of Appeal held that the purchaser was in the right. Lords Justices BAGGALLAY and COTTON rested their objection to a voluntary settlement as a root of title, unless it is properly described as such in the conditions, on the ground that on such a transaction there would be no previous investigation of title, which there would be in the ordinary case of a purchase for value.

THE Court of Appeal have been prompt in reversing the decision of the Divisional Court in the case of Holmes v. Millage, and have by their carefully considered and wellreasoned written judgment established- -at least so far as a decision of the Court of Appeal can establish it-the principle that a judgment creditor is not entitled to a receiver to receive the future earnings of his judgment debtor. The plaintiff had obtained a judgment by consent for some £500 for money lent; the judgment debtor was the foreign correspondent of a London daily newspaper, receiving a salary of £8 8s. a week, which was paid to him in Paris through bankers there; he lived in Paris, and therefore outside the jurisdiction of the court, and he had no assets in this country, so that there was no possibility of receiving the debt by a writ of fi. fa. Garnishee proceedings had been tried and had failed, as there were no arrears of salary due, and therefore no sum due which could be attached; and, moreover, legal proceedings had been tried in France, but had been dismissed on the ground of want of jurisdiction. There was, therefore, absolutely no other means of getting payment of the debt, and upon this ground it was that the Divisional Court had granted a receiver. There was no other case exactly in point, and no case which went so far as to say that a receiver could be appointed in such a case to receive future salary. In the judgment of the Court of Appeal it was pointed out that, before the Judicature Acts, there certainly was no such power at common law or in equity; none at common law, as common law writs of execution did not extend to future income, and the garnishee process did not reach it, nor was the statutory process of charging orders applicable to wages for personal service. So that up to that time the courts of common law had no jurisdiction to appoint a receiver. Although at that time the courts of equity had power to grant a receiver, yet they did so only in well-established classes of cases, such as where the judgment debtor had an equitable interest in property which could have been reached at law if he had had the legal interest in it instead of an equitable interest only, or

where it was sought in equity to enforce a charge created by the debtor himself. As was said by Lord Justice COTTON in The Anglo-Italian Bank v. Davies (39 L. T. Rep. N. S. 244; 9 Ch. Div., at p. 290), courts of equity give relief in such cases on the principle that there exists a legal right which, owing to legal difficulties, cannot be enforced. Then came the Judicature Acts, which gave greater facility to appoint receivers where it was "just and convenient to do but the Court have now held in the case before us, that a receiver cannot be appointed unless in a case in which he could have been appointed before the Judicature Acts, which made no change in that respect.

so;

THE BAR AND ITS GOVERNORS.

WE have received the following:

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Sir,-You have struck a responsive chord in every breast in the Four Inns of Court.

"Discontent with the existing mode of governing the Bar has been growing rapidly. It is felt, to begin with, that the Benchers are not representative of the Profession, that they are indifferent to all the great questions which you have specified, and that the Bar cannot rely upon them for guidance or help in any of the vicissitudes of professional life. Everything. they do is done in secret. The large funds which come from the pockets of the Bar are administered privately, the accounts are audited privately, no balance-sheet or statement is ever published. The cestuis que trust know nothing of the manner in which their trustees fulfil their duties, or in which they disburse the funds intrusted to them. The trustees keep themselves alive by co-option. They, in fact, usually elect those whom the Lord Chancellor has clothed in silk, but they need not they may elect any barrister, without regard to his position, and may exclude men however high their position or character. The Profession can say or do nothing, whatever happens. Yet this is the body by which all the affairs of the Four Inns are administered.

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It is an anomalous system, and one which can be supported only by reason of the excellence of the work which it accomplishes.

"I have the misfortune to be a Bencher. When I was elected I was told I had joined one of the best clubs in London. The entrance fee was very stiff, and I cannot see what value I get for it. I do not see why Benchers should pay a heavy fine on election. Rather I think they ought to be regarded as gentlemen to whom the barristers would pay honour in electing them, expecting nothing in return but high service, large sympathies, and constant watchfulness over the law, its administration, and the interests of the Profession.

"I should have been only too delighted to find myself in a sphere of work of this kind, to have been treated as one of the earnest workers coming to the executive body of the Inn, welcomed because I had some knowledge and some experience and zeal in the cause of law and justice-there to find kindred spirits, eager to remove some of the many reproaches from the law and from our legal system, to make law more intelligible, more acceptable, more accessible, less costly, less uncertain. There is no grander sphere of labour for the human mind: to attain some result in it would be compensentation for the loss of many a ten and two.

“I found that no such sphere existed. The judicial element in the Inns struck me as unfortunate. The abolition of Serjeants'-inn was a calamity for the Inns of Court. That element is apt to prove dominant and oppressive, and to restrain the discussion of matters in which the judges themselves may be involved. I am not aware, however, that before the judges joined the Inns of Court there was any reforming spirit among the Benchers. The Inns, so far as the Benchers are concerned, have always been and are regarded as irresponsible clubs-clubs for themselves, not for the Bar. There is a cleavage between the governed and the governing. There is no point of contact between them. They are almost entirely personally and socially strangers, so far as the great bulk of non-Benchers are concerned.

"And most of the Benchers are either well off, or successful and busy barristers. They are largely independent of fluctua

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"So it is that generation after generation passes away, and the record of the Benchers of the Inns of Court remains a blank so far as any contribution to the improvement of our law, the simplification of our legal system, the removal of abuses, are concerned.

"There is, in fact, no one to take the initiative. The Treasurer, now, is too often a judge. Three judges in succession-four, I think-have been treasurers at the Middle Temple. At Lincoln's-inn Lord Justice Fry has been succeeded by the Attorney-General. Such men have their hands full of everyday business. It is too much to expect them to originate or actively assist in reforms of any magnitude. It ought not to be too much to expect them to participate in discussions in public, similar to those held by the solicitors' societies of England, and the Bar Associations of the several American States.

"Really, Sir, America in this respect puts Great Britain to the blush. The proceedings of the American Bar Associations furnish a proud record of high thinking, and brilliant teaching and exposition, always directed to the improvement of the Profession, and the advancement of the law and its methods. Many of the addresses delivered are most delightful reading, full of wisdom and instruction.

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Does the Bar in its Long Holiday do as the solicitors do— meet and discuss things which are of moment to them as a profession, the most highly educated and influential as a whole of the two branches of legal practitioners? Such a thing is unheard of. The utmost that we ever get is some perfunctory speech of a hastily invited chairman of a Law Students* Society's dinner, rarely worth listening to and never worth preserving.

"The Profession ought to be able to look to the Benchers of the Inns of Court to institute, not what you describe as solemn private conclaves, but public meetings in the fine Halls of the Inns of Court, where for a week, say in October, the problems lying before us in the coming legal year might be discussed, past and future legislation considered, the legal machinery overhauled, and the rising generation instructed by presidential addresses such as I have referred to as adorning the American Bar Associations.

"I, as a Bencher, feel your caustic and severe article acutely. I am sorry I cannot say that it is too severe. I sometimes feel so keenly my utter uselessness as a member of the governing body of my Inn, that I wish I might retire and escape a position entailing great responsibilities and imposing duties which as a single individual it is hopeless for me to attempt to discharge. "I grudge the few hours I now periodically devote to discussing domestic management of the most trifling character. Only too thankful shall I be if your criticism brings the breath of public opinion into our councils and rouses us from the lethargy which is so fatally characteristic of the Bar as a body. "Yours faithfully,

"A YOUNG BENCHER."

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