tie firs, with very rigid branches, and ascaly, pointed, or stiff, spreading or lane. The cones contain large seeds. Araucarias fund fossil in the coal formation. At present they are confined to a few species, inhabiting the whern hemisphere.

ALALJEA, a-raw'je-a, 8. (after Antonia de Araujo.) As of twining herbaceous plants, with white faw, natives of Brazil: Order, Asclepiades. ARBALIST, ár ba-list, 8. (arcus, a bow, and balista, e for shooting darts with, Lat.) A cross

It is reported by William Breto, that the arcubalista, was first showed to the French by our King d the First, who was shortly after slain by a

AFBALISTERS, dr-ba-lis'turz, s. pl. A name given to the sldiers who, in ancient times, were armed

AZBITER, ár'be-tur, s. (Latin.) An umpire; a
nere; a person to whose decision opposing par-
As are the settlement of a dispute; a judge.
An arbiter can only judge according to usages of

the law, while an arbitrator is permitted to use his ARBITREMENT, år-bit're-ment, s. Decision; deter

-.. to judge. We now use arbitrate.
(French.) Arbi-

ARBITRABLE, dr be-tra-bl,

trary depending upon the will; determinable. ARBITRAL, ar be-tral,.a. Belonging to arbitration.

ARCADY-ARCHAISM.

icant, dr'ks-de, s. The country of Arcadia.
Then shalt be our star of Arcady-Milton's Comus.
ACE, ár-kane', a. (arcanus, Lat.) Secret;
materins

Have I been disobedient to thy words?
Have I betrayed thy arcane secresy?
Tragedy of Locrine.

lacases, ár-ka'nun, s. ARCANA, ǎr-kaʼna, pl.
Latin.) A secret.

inex, értsh, s. (arcus, Lat.) In Mathematics, pt of a circle, now written arc.-Which see. In Architecture, any solid work, whether masonry otherwise, of which the lower part is formed into an arc of a curve, supported at the two

ties. The pedestals upon which an arch ts, are called its piers; the portion of the pedestal from which the arch is said to spring, termed the flanks; the lower tier of the archis called the intrados or soffit; the upper, the extrados or back; the archstones are termed

rs, and the highest stone the keystone, the top of which is termed the crown; a perpendare from the crown to a horizontal line ping from the top of the one pier to that of the other, is the height, and the horizontal line it is the pan of the arch;-the sky or vault of heaven;-. a, to build arches; to form into ; to cover with an arch or arches. The nations of the field and wood Build on the wave, or arch beneath the sand.—

Pope.
Ancu, drish, s. (archos, Gr.) A chief.-Obsolete;
The noble duke, my master,
My worthy arch and patron, comes to-night.-Shaks.
chief of the first class; waggish; mirthful;
triflingly mischievous.

The tyrannoes and bloody act is done,
The most arch deed of piteous massacre.-Shaks.
Sera-In Composition, arch is used as signifying the
dig of a dass. The following are the words in which

rs as a compound:-Archangel, archangelic, pounced drk-anegel, drk-an-gel'ik. In the followBack is pronounced artsh-Archapostle, archarchitect, archbeacon, archbishop, archbishopric,

bother, archbuilder, archchanter, archchemic, archenspirator, archeritic, archdeacon, archdeaconarchdeaconship, archdivine, archdruid, archducal, chess, archduke, archdukedom, archenemy, addon, archfiend, archflamen, (chief priest,) archflatterer, archfounder, archgovernor, archheresy, tor, archphilosopher, archpillar, archpoet, archpoliart, archhypocrite, archmagician, archpas , archprelate, archpresbyter, archpresbytery, ent, archprimate, archprophet, archprotestant, publican, archrebel, archtraitor, archtreasurer, artyrant, archvillain, archvillany. ABCH, Triumphal, ártsh, tri-umfʼal, s. gate, of a semicircular form, adorned with sculp A stately tare, &c., erected in honour of those who had deserved a triumph.

ARCH-WIFE, ärtsh-wife, s. A woman in the higher ranks of life.-Obsolete.

ARCHEOLOGY, ár-kay-ol'o-je, s. (archéologie, Fr. ARCHALOLOGY,) archaice, ancient, and logos, a disparse, Gr.) That branch of knowledge which refers to antiquity; a discourse on antiquity. ARCHEOLOGICAL, ár-ke-o-loj e-kal, ARCHATOLOGIST, ár-kay-ol ́o-jist, s. An antiquary. | ARCHAIOLOGIC, dr-kay-o-loj ̋ik, }

I elegy.

ARCHANGEL-ARCHIL.

ARCHANGEL. In Botany.-See Lamium.
ARCHANGELICA, ǎrk-an-gel'e ka, s. (arche, original,
Gr., and angelica, a plant, Lat.) A genus of umbel-
liferous plants. A. officinalis, or garden-angelica, is
the angelica archangelica of Linnæus. It is to be
found about the tower of London, and in marshes
among reeds, between Woolwich and Plumbstead,
very abundantly, and in many other places in Eng-
land. Its botanical characters are-stem polished,
striated, a little glaucous, branched in the upper
part; leaves ternate, then pennate; leaflets ovate-
lanceolate, or sub-cordate, cut, and sharply ser-
rated, partly decurrent; the odd one deeply three-
lobed; petioles dilated, and tumid at the base;
involucra of a few linear leaves, or wanting alto-
gether, lanceolate; margin of calyx, five short teeth;
petals elliptic, entire, accuminate; fruit compressed
on the back with two wings; allied to, and lately
separated from Angelica.-Which see.
ARCHED, artsh ́ed, or artsht, a. part. Bent in the
form of an arch.

ARCHEMORA, ŭr-ke-moʻra, s. (Archemorus, the son
of Lycurgus, who was killed by an adder, Gr. in
allusion to its poisonous qualities.) A genus of ex-
tremely poisonous North American plants: Order,
Umbelliferæ.

ARCHER, ǎrtsh'ur, s. One who uses the bow and

arrow.

ARCHERESS, ǎrtsh'ur-es, s. A female who shoots with a bow and arrow.

ARCHERS, ǎrtsh'urz, s. Those who, in former times, made use of the bow in battle or in the chase; a name still kept up by a body, denominated the Royal Archers, in Edinburgh, and by certain bodies in England, who continue to practise archery. ARCHERY, ǎr'tshur-e, 8. The use of the bow and arrow; the act of shooting with the bow and

arrow.

Flower of this purple dye,
Hit with Cupid's archery,

Sink in the apple of his eye.-Shaks. ARCHES-COURT, ǎrtsh ́ez-corte, 8. The supreme court of appeal in the archbishopric of Canterbury. The name is derived from its being formerly held in the church of St. Mary-le-Bow, (de Arcubus,) from which place it was removed to the common hall in Doctors' Commons, where it is now held. ARCHETYPAL, ár'ke-ti-pal, a. Original; the pattern from which a copy is made. ARCHETYPE, ǎr'ke-tipe, s. (archetypum, Lat.) The original of which any resemblance is made. In the Mint, the standard weight by which the others are adjusted. The archetypal world, among Platonists, means the world as it existed in the idea of God, before the visible creation. ARCHEUS, ǎr'ke-us, s. (archos, Gr.) A word used by Paracelsus, by which he seems to have meant a power presiding over the animal body distinct from the soul.

ARCHIATOR, ár-ki'a-tur, s. (archos, and iatros, a physician, Gr. archiatre, Fr.) A chief physician. -Old word.

ARCHICAL, ürk'e-kal, a. Chief; primary.

a. Relating ARCHIDIACONAL, ǎr-ke-di-ak'on-al, a. Belonging to archæ- to an archdeacon.

ARCHAISM, drkay-izm, 8. An antiquated word or

objectionable, occasionally adds to the beauty and

force of a sentence.

ARCHIEPISCOPACY, ár-ki-e-pis'ko-pa-se, s.
state and dignity of an archbishop.

The

ARCHIEPISCOPAL, ur-ki-e pis'ko-pal, a. (archiepis

copus, Lat.) Belonging to an archbishop. ARCHIL, ar'kil, s. A violet-red paste used as a dye

ARCHILOCHIAN-ARCHITECTRESS.

ARCHITECTURAL-ARCHONTICS.

architecture.

stuff: the best kind of which is obtained from | ARCHITECTURAL, ùr-ke-tek ́tu-ral, a. Relating the lichen Roccella tinctoria, found in the Canary Islands, the Azores, Sardinia, Sweden, &c. When a mixture of carbonate of potash and ammonia is used in the preparation, and chalk, &c. is added, the colour becomes more blue, and is then called Litmus. Cudbear is another modification of archil, prepared from Lecanora tartarea, and Parmelia omphalodes, two species found on rocks on the western coast of England, and other places. An addition of tin renders the dye durable, and gives a scarlet colour. It is commonly used to give a bloom to pinks and other colours.-See Orceine. ARCHILOCHIAN, ár-ke-lok 'e-an, s. (Archilochus, the inventor.) A verse in metrical composition, consisting of seven feet; the four first are dactyls or spondees, and the three last trochees. Ex.Soltiturãcris hy||ēms grā||dā rīcē|| vērù|| ¿í Fò còní. -Horace.

ARCHILUTE, r'ke-lute, s. A large lute, having
its bass strings lengthened like those of the
Theorbo, and having each row doubled.
ARCHIMAGIA, ur-ke-maje-a, s. The name given

by the old alchemists to the subtlest part of their
art-viz., the making of gold and silver.
ARCHIMANDRITE, ár-ke man'drite, s (archos, and
mandia, Gr. a word, signifying mactory, in the
language of the Lower Empire.) A title in the
Greek Church of the same import as abbot in the
Roman Catholic.
ARCHIMEDIAN SCREW, r-ke-mede'yan skroo, 8.
(Archimedes, the inventor.) A machine for rais-
ing water, consisting of a tube rolled in a spiral
form round a cylinder, a modification of which
has lately been introduced, in several instances,
as a successful substitute for paddles in propelling
steam-vessels,

ARCHIMIA, ar-kim'me-a. 8. That branch of
alchemy which related to the transmutation of the
other metals into gold and silver.
ARCHIPELAGO, ár-ke-pel'a-go, s. (archos, and
pelagos, the sea, Gr.) A sea abounding in small
islands; the most celebrated of which is situated
between Asia, Macedon, Greece, and the Indian
Archipelago.

ARCHITECT, ár ́ke-tekt, s. (archos, and tekton, arti-
ficer or contriver, Gr.) A person who is capable
of designing and superintending the execution of
any building; a builder; the contriver or former
of any compound body. Applied, in this sense,
to the Author of Nature, The Divine Architect.'
The word is used for a person who contrives, and
is the chief instrument in making the fortune of
another, or in his own, as, the architect of his
own fortune;' the framer of any thing.
An irreligious Moor,

ARCHITECTURE, ǎr-ke-tek'ture, s. (archetectu
Lat.) The art or science of building; the obje
or performance of architectural science. Archite
ture is divided into Ciril Architecture, called, I
way of eminence, Architecture; Military Archite
ture, or Fortification; and Naval Architectur
which, besides the building of ships and small
vessels, includes that of ports, moles, docks, &
The orders in architecture are the Tuscan, Doric
Ionic, Corinthian, Composite.--Which see.
ARCHITRAVE, ar'ke-trave, s. (archein, to govern
Gr. and trabs, a beam, Lat. sometimes also calle
Epistylium, from, api, upon, and stylos, a column
Gr.) The lowest of the three principal member
of the entablature of a column. There is no ar-
chitrave in Gothic architecture, which feature
forms the most distinguishing characteristic be-
tween the architecture of the ancients and that of
the mideval times. Architrave Cornice, an en-
tablature formed of an architrave and a cornice,
without the intervening member, the frieze, being
introduced, when it is inconvenient to give the en-
tablature its proper height. Architrare of a door
or window, a collection of members and mouldings
surrounding either the aperture of a door or a
window; the upper part or lintel is called the
transverse, and the sides, the jambs.
ARCHIVAL, ar ke-val, a. Pertaining to archives.
ARCHIVES, ar-ki vz, s. pl. (archira, Lat.)

A re

pository or closet used for the preservation of
records or other writings; a secret closet.
NOTE.-The singular of this word is rarely used. Dr.
Johnson says never, but in this he errs. Gregory, in
his Posthuma,' Warburton, in his Alliance of Church
and State, and Warton, in his History of English
Poetry,' use it in the singular.

ARCHIVIST, ur'ke-vist, s. The keeper of archives.
ARCHIVOLT, ar ke-volt, s. An ornamental band
of mouldings, placed round the archstones of an
arch, terminating horizontally on the imposts. In
the Tuscan order, the architrave has only one
face; in the Doric and Ionie, it has two crowned;
and, in the Corinthian and Composite, the mould-
ings are the same as those of the architrave.
ARCHIVOLTUM, ur-ke-vol ́tum, s. In the Archi- "
tecture of the middle ages, an arched receptacle
for filth; a common sewer or cess-pool.
ARCHLIKE, artsh ́like, a. In the form of an arch.
An archlike strong foundation.-Young.
ARCILY, artsh'le, ad. Jocosely; wittily.
ARCHNESS, artsh'nes, s. Shrewdness; sly humour
without malice.
ARCHOGRAPH, dr'ko-graf, s. (arcus, an arch, Lat.
and grapho, I describe, Gr.) An instrument
adapted for drawing a circular arch without the
use of a central point.

ARCHON, ar kon, s. (Greek.) The chief magistrate
of the Athenians.

Chief architect and plotter of these woes.-Shaks. ARCHITECTIVE, dr-ke-tek'tiv, a. Performing the work of architecture. ARCHITECTONIC, ár-ke-tek-ton'nik, We might establish a doge, a lord, archon, or regent. ARCHITECTONICAL, úr-ke-tek-ton'ne-kal, ing skill-Bolingbroke on Parties. to build. ARCHONSHIP, år kon-ship, s. The office of an archon.

) s. Hav

ARCHITECTONICS, år-ke-tek-ton'niks, s. pl. The
science of architecture.

ARCHITECTOR, ȧr-ke-tek'tur, 8. An architect.-
Obsolete.

ARCHITECTRESS, dr-ke-tek'tres, s. Feminine of
architect.

Nature herself, the first architectress, to use an expression of Vitruvius, windowed your breast.-Woiton,

ARCHONTICS, ar-kon'tiks, 8.

In Ecclesiastical History, a branch of Valentians which sprung up towards the close of the second century. They supposed the world to have been created (apo ton archon) by the archontes, (archangels,) but with a singular want of gallantry, they ascribed the creation of women to the agency of devils.

ACIC SETA Listris parisiticus.-See Listris.
Lac Ts. Sterna artica.-See Sterna.
A78 drk-tik'tis, &. (arktos, a bear, and iktis,
a kind of weasel, Gr.) A name given by Tem-

te a genus of Marsupial animals, consisting
of two Indian species with long prehensile tails:
me.alifrons) is about the size of a large cat;
and the other (A. ater) is entirely black, and about
the one of a dog; the head is very small, whiskers
acc and the ears terminate in tufts of hair.
ABC drk te-um, &. (arktos, Gr. from the rough
texture of the involucra.) The Burdock, a genus
fposite plants, belonging to the Cynaroce-
pce or Thistle tribe. It is the Lappa of Tour-
ar, Lamarck, and Lindley.

Anctuarys, drk'to-mis, s. (arktos, and mys, a rat, Gry The Marmot or Bear-rat, a genus of Rodents. The marmots are heavy in make, with short legs; -zed, short bushy tail, and a large flat head. They pass the winter in a state of torpor, in deep holes. They live in societies, and are endly tamed. ARTOWYX. drk'to-niks, 8. (arktos, and onyx, a claw, The Pig-bear. A genus of omnivorous Fachyderms, having the appearance of a bear with the head of a pig. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, ark-to-staffe-los, s. (arktos, and style, a grape. Gr.) A genus of plants ating of two British species; the Arbutus and Arbutus alpina of Linnæus; calyx and five-parted; corolla ovate, with a small £ve ceft revolute limb; stamens ten; anthers without pores; berry smooth; seeds solitary. ABCTOTHECA, drk-to-thek's, 8. (arktos, and theke,

ARCUBALISTA—ARE.

arcus, a bow, Lat. and ballo, I throw, Gr.) A crossbow; an instrument to throw stones. ARCUBALISTA, ǎr-ku-ba-lis'ta, s. A crossbow. A term which has been contracted both into Balista and Arbalist.

ARCUBALISTER, år-ku-ba-lis'tur, s. A crossbow

man.

ARCUS SENILIS, 8. (arcus, a bow, and senilis, old
age, Lat.) An opacity surrounding the cornea
of the eye, incident to aged persons.
ARCYRIA, ǎr-sir ́e-a, s. (arkys, a net, Gr.) A
genus of Fungi, so named from the sporules being
fastened together by a network of fibres.
ARD, ǎrd, (Saxon.) An affix to many names, sig-
nifying disposition-as, Goddard, a good or pious
disposition; Giffard, a benevolent disposition;
Bernard, a filial disposition.

cale, Gr. from its shaggy seeds.) A genus fposite plants: Sub-order, Heliantheæ. ABCTURA, drk tu-ra, &. In Surgery, inflammation of a fager or toe, from the curvature of the nail. ABCTURUS, árk tu-rus, 8, (arktos, and oura, tail, Gr.) A fixed star castellation of Aretophylax or Bootes. the first magnitude, in the ABCATE, dr ku-ate, a. (arcuatus, Lat.) Bent in the form of an arch;-v. a. to bend like an arch. ARCTATILE dr-ku'a-tile, Beat; inflected. a. (arcuatilis, Lat.)

ACCATION, dr-kn-a'shun,

8.

The act of bending

ARDASSINES, ǎr-das'se-nes, s. A very fine sort of

Persian silk; the finest used in the looms of France. ARDEA, ăr'de-a, s. (Latin.) The Heron. A genus of large wading birds, bill very strong-long, straight, conic, margins serrated; the gonys long and descending; scapular feathers long and linear; legs long; thighs naked to a considerable distance from the knee. They live on small fish; but eat any animal matter, such as naked or even shelled molluscs, the spawn of fish, worms, &c. They build on trees.

ARDEADÆ, ar-de-a'de, s. A name given by Swain

son to a family of the Grallatores or Waders, including the Herons and Cranes. The birds of this family are large, with long, conic, straight, hard, compressed bills; the hind toe placed on the same level as others. ARDENCY, ar'den-se, 8. (ardens, burning, ARDENTNESS, år'dent-nes, Lat.) Ardour; eager

ness; warmth of affection; heat. ARDENT, ǎr'dent, a. (ardeus, Lat.) Hot; burning; fiery; fierce; vehement; having the appearance or quality of fire; passionate; affectionate-used generally of desire.

ARDENTLY, ǎr'dent-le, ad. In an ardent manner; eagerly; affectionately.

ARDISIA, är-dish ́e-a, s. (ardis, a point, Gr. in reference to its acute spearlike anthers.) A genus of exotic trees or shrubs: Order, Myrsineaceæ. ARDISIEÆ, ǎr-de-si-e ́e, s. A tribe of plants, having Ardesia for its type; calyx, four or five-lobed; corolla gamopetalous; stamens usually free; cells of anthers bursting lengthways at the apex; ovarium free and many-seeded; drupe or berry, one-seeded; albumen horny; embryo transverse : Order, Myrsineaceae (Myrrh plants).

ARDOUR, ǎr'dur, s. (ardor, Lat.) Heat; heat of
affection, as love, desire, rage, courage-used by
Milton for a person bright and ardent.

Nor long delayed the winged saint
After his charge received; but from among
Thousand celestial ardours, where he stood
Veiled with his gorgeous wings, upspringing light,
Flew through the midst of heaven.-Paradise Lost.

ARDUINA, ǎr-du-in'a, s. (in honour of P. Arduina.)
A genus of plants: Order, Apocyneæ.

ything; incurvation; the state of being bent; ARDUOUS, ăr'du-us, a. (arduus, Lat.) Lofty; hard

curity or crookedness. In Gardening, the me

raised from seeds, or which do not bear seed.

Surgery, a distortion or incurvation of the bones. ARCCATURE, dr'ku-a-ture, s.

In

The curvature of an

ABCUBALIST, &'ku-ba-list, s. (arcubalista, from

to climb; difficult; laborious.

ARDUOUSNESS, är du-us-nes, 8.Height; difficulty,
ARDUITY, ǎr-du ́e-te,

laboriousness.

ARE, år. The third person plural of the present tense of the verb to be;-s. a French measure of surface, equal to nearly 2 acres English, or 1176 1-4th square feet.