17. 2 atoms

carbonic acid tople weight.39. fmuriatic acid 17; atomic weight,

of natric acid

54: 1 atom of water = 9:

top of oxalic acid 17: 2 atoms of water

36:

:-3 atoms of carbotoms of ammonia 31: 2 18; atomic weight. 118.

-1 atom of sulphuric acid 17; 2 atoms of

or ammonia tome weight, 75.

monia are generally soluble in are decomposed by the fixed alkalies caths with the evolution of ammo

salt of magnesia, and a soluble ate added to them, precipitation takes crystals are the result, which are comof the phosphate of ammonia and the

vale of magnesia.

ACMONTAGEM, am-mo-ni'a-kum, s. A gum resin da natural exudation from the oospak Porema ammoniacum.) It has externally aylow colour, and is obtained in drops and cakes Pon the East Indies and Africa; as a medicine, used as an expectorant, and sometimes is died as a plaster. Its varieties are quther amHeater, in tears, and lapis ammoniaci, in lumps. AMMONITA, SII-mo-ni'ta, or cornu ammonis, s. The xyppocampi of the brain.

AMMONITE, am'mo-nite, s. (so named on account of their resemblance to the ram's horn on the head of the Lybian deity Ammon, hence, likewise called Cornu ammonis.) A genus of extinct cephalopods. the float shells of which occur in great variety and abundance in secondary strata. The shells are chambered and discoidal; the chambers divided by thin septa, perforated by a syphuncle or pipe. forming a hydraulic instrument by which the animal could rise or sink at pleasure, as is elected by the similar apparatus of the shells of the existing mutilus and spirula ammonites. Ammonites have latterly been divided into many genera according to the form of the shell, the situation of the syphon and undulations of the septa, viz., arietes, falciferi, amalthei, capricorni, planulati, dorsati. coronarii, macrocephali, armati, ornati, dentati. flexuosi. Which see.

AMMONITES, am'mo-nites, 8. (ben gummon, the son of my kindred, Heb.) In Biblical history, the name of a nation, descended from the incestuous connection of Lot with his youngest daughter. The Ammonites or Ammonita inhabited the country situated between the rivers Arnon and Jabbok, AN. E. of the Moabites.

AMMUNITION-BREAD, am-mu-nish'un - bred, Bread provided for and distributed to soldiers. AMNESTIA, am-nes te-a, s. (e, priv, and mesis, tl memory, Gr.) Forgetfulness; loss of memory. AMNESTY, am'nes-te, s. (amnesia, oblivion, Gr An act of oblivion; an act by which crimes again the government, to a certain time, are so obl terated, that they cannot be brought into a charg against those who had offended by their treason or other misdemeanours.

AMNICOLIST, am-nik'o-list, s. (amnicolo, from amni. a river, and colo, I inhabit, Lat.) One who live on the banks of a river.-Not used. AMNIGENOUS, am-nije-nus, a. (amuigenus, fro

annis, a river, Lat. and genoa, I generate, Gr. Born of a river.--Not used. AMNION, am'ne-on, s. (eunion, from amnos, a lamb Gr.) In Anatomy, the internal membrane which envelopes the foetus in the womb. In Botany, the thin semi-transparent membrane in which the embryo of a plant is enveloped in the first stage of germination. Ammi liquor, the fluid contained in the anion; amniotic acid, an acid obtained from the liquor amni of the cow.-See ALLANTOIC acid.

AMOEBEA, a-me'be-a, s. (amoibos, changing, Gr.) A name given by Ehrenberg to a tribe of the polygastric infusoria.

AMOMUм, a-mo'mum, s. (a, priv. and momos, impurity, Gr. from its being a coater-poison.) An aromatic herb, formerly used in the preservation of dead bodies. A genus of plants, several of the species of which produce cardamoms or grains of paradise, and A. zinziber, the mellagetta pepper of commerce: Order, Scitamine. AMONG, AMONGST, a-mung', a-mungst', prep. and a. (amang. Sax.) Mingled with: placed with persons or things on every side; conjoined with others so as to make part of the number. AMOREANS, an-o're-ans, 8. The name of an order of Jewish doctors who were preceded by the Mishnic doctors, and succeeded by the Seburæans. AMOREST, am'o-ris, c. An inamorata; a gallant; a man professing love.

The pen of some vulgar amorest.—Malton. AMORET, am'o-ret, s. (amoreita, Ital.) A lover; a person enamoured. AMORETTE,) am-o-ret', s. (ami urette. Fr.) An AMOURETTE,) amorous woman: love knots; petty amours; love tricks; dalliances, Chaucer uses the second sense in these lines:

For not telad in silk was he,
But all in flours and flourettes,
I painted all with anorees.

AMORITES, am'o-rites, 8, An ancient and powerfid tribe of the Canaanitish nation, descended from Seth the son of Ham. The name is supposed to be derived from a Hebrew word, uifying moun taineer; by others, from air, and signitying the Emir, chieftain, or lead, of a t ibe.

intray s-mawr'fe, & Departure from estab-(See Amorphous.)

End! diseases being fastidiosity, amorphy, -Swift's Tale of a Tub.

a, ad. (a la mort, Fr.) In the state 2: dejected, depressed, spiritless. by Kate! what, sweeting, all amort ?— Shaks. EXENT, a-mor'tis-ment, s. amortisseLATION, 2-mor-te-za'shun, Sment, French) et or act of transferring land to some comcorporation.-See Amortize.

amortize, v. a. To alien lands or mts to any corporation, guild, or fraternity, eir successors; anciently, the word was f destroy or kill.

od workes that men dow while they ben in bea all amortised by sin following.-Chaucer's Pr's Tale.

Lex, a-mo'shun, 8. (amotio, Lat.) Removal.

ib "yr, a-mownt', c. n. (monter, Fr.) To increase amber or quantity; to compose in the whole; the sum total; the result of several sums or ties added or accumulated together. Lar a-moor', s. An affair of gallantry; an

ANTAL a-moo'val, s. Total removal.-Obsolete. ABTE, 2-moov', c. a. (amoreo, Lat.) To remove a post, in a juridical sense; to move or alter. Olete in the last sense.

At her so piteous cry, was much amored Her companion stout.-Spenser. APELIDE, am-pe-l'de, 8. (ampelos, the vine, Gr.) fruit-eaters; a family of tropical American birds, placed by Swainson between the ders and fly-catchers: Order, Insessores : The Dentirostres. All the genera have short with the lip notched, and sometimes hooked -the gape wide, and opening beyond the eyes; more or less united, and the soles flat. Some of the birds of this family are adorned with the est splendid changeable red and blue plumage. AMPELIDEE, am-pe-li'de-e, s. (ampelos, the vine, A name for the viniferæ, a natural order of plants, of which vitis, the vine, is the type. AMPELINE, am-pe-li'ne, s. A sub-division of the Ampede, embracing what are termed the typical

tatterers

Axrzlopsis, am-pe-lop'sis, s. (ampelos, the vine, and oprit, resemblance, Gr.) A genus of North

AMPER-AMPHICANTHUS.

American plants, which, though in almost every other respect resembling the vine, produces only a small berry of no value. The plant is an excellent trailer, and is used in covering old walls, &c. AMPER, am'per, 8. (ampre, Sax.) A local term used for a tumor accompanied by inflammation. AMPHEREPHIS, am-fer'e-fis, s. (ampherephes, wellcovered, Gr.) A genus of South American annuals, so named from its double involucrum : Order, Compositæ: Tribe, Carduaceæ. AMPHIARTHROSIS, am-fe-ăr-thro'sis, 8. (amphi, doubtful, and arthrosis, articulation, Gr.) mixed kind of articulation with obscure motion, partaking of the nature of both diarthrosis and synarthrosis, as in affections of the bones of the foot, vertebræ, &c.

A

AMPHIBIA, am-fib'be-a, s. (amphibios, having a double life, Gr.) Animals which, having both lungs and gills, can live either in or out of water, such as the axolotls, menobranchi, the serius, and proteus. The name is given by Brongniart and other naturalists to the batrachian or frog family, because these animals have gills in their tadpole state, and only acquire lungs in the matured reptile state. In common language, the word is applied to seals, otters, water-rats, crocodiles, &c., from their aquatic habits. The term is applied in botany, to plants which grow equally on land

or in water. AMPHIBIOLITE, am-fib'be-o-lite, s. (amphibios, and lithos, a stone, Gr.) The remains of an amphibious animal found in the fossil state. AMPHIBIOLOGICAL, am-fe-be-o-lodj'e-kal, a. Pertaining to amphibiology, or the history of amphibious animals.

AMPHIBIOLOGY, am-fe-be-ol'o-je, s. (amphibios, having a double life, and logos, a discourse, Gr.) That branch of Natural History which treats of amphibious animals.

AMPHIBIOUS, am-fib'be-us, a. (amphibios, Gr.) Able to live on land or in water.

AMPHIBIOUSNESS, am-fib'be-us-nes, s. The quality of being amphibious. AMPHIBOLE, am'fe-bole, s. (amphibolos, doubtful, Gr.) The name given by the French to the mineral Hornblende. It is of a black or dark green colour, and when breathed upon yields a peculiar disagreeable smell. It is one of the constituents of greenstone and several other trap rocks. It consists of silica, 54.60; magnesia, 18.50; lime, 14; alumina, 1.18; protoxide of iron, 7.50; and fluoric acid, 1.40.

AMPHIBOLIC, am-fe-bol ́ik, a. Doubtful. AMPHIBOLITE, am-fib'bo-lite, s. (amphibolos, and lithos, a stone.) Any stone, the basis of which consists of amphibole.

AMPHIBOLOGICAL, am-fe-bo-lodj'e-kal, a. Applied to words or discourse of doubtful meaning, AMPHIBOLOGY, am fe-bol'o-je, s. (amphibolos, doubtful, and logos, a word or discourse, Gr.) Ambiguity of expression: a sentence admitting of a double or doubtful meaning.

Doubtful Discourse of double

AMPHIBOLOUS, am-fib'bol-us, a. AMPHIBOLY, am-fib'bo-le, s. or doubtful meaning. AMPHIBRACH, am'fe-brak, 8. (amphi, and brachys, short, Gr.) A foot in verse consisting of three syllables, the first and last of which are short, and the second long.

AMPHICANTHUS, am-fe-kan'thus, s. (amghi, round,

56

AMPHICARPA-AMPHISBENA.

and kanthos, a spine, Gr.) A genus of spinyfinned fishes of the family Centronotina, or spine backs.-See Siganus. AMPHICARPA, am-fe-kür'pa, s. (amphi, and kurpos, fruit, Gr.) A genus of North American climbing papilionaceous plants: Order, Leguminosa. AMPHICHTHYS, am-fik'this, s. (amphi, doubtful, and ictions, a fish, Gr.) A genus of the Blenny-bullhead fishes (Batrachidea) having no visible scales. AMPHICTYON, Council of, am-fik'tyun, s. A celebrated council, consisting of a general assembly of the deputies of the Grecian States, which met twice a year at Athens, established by Amphictyon, third king of Athens, A.M. 2448. AMPHIDESMA, am-fe-des'ma, s. (amphi, and desmos, a ligament, Gr.) A genus of marine bivalve shells belonging to the Tellina family, resembling Lucina in shape, having a cartilage between the cardinal teeth, with an external ligament. AMPHIDROMIA, am-fe-dro'ine-a, s. (ampli, round, and dromas, running, Gr.) Festivals kept by the Athenians, on the fifth day after the birth of a child. One of the ceremonies consisted of running round the fire with the child, and presenting it to their household gods-hence the name. AMPHIGAMOUS, am-fe-ga'mus, a. (amphi, doubtful, and gamos, marriage, Gr.) Applied to the Agama or such plants as have no visible organs of fructification.

AMPHIGENE, am'fe-gene, s. (amphi, and genos, genus, Gr.) Vesuvian, idiocrose, or pyramidal garnet, a mineral found in the lavas of Vesuvius and other volcanic rocks, composed of silica, 35.5; lime, 33; alumina, 22.2; oxide of iron, 7.50; oxide of manganese, 0.20. The primitive form of the crystal is nearly that of a cube, rather harder than quartz, and of different shades of green, brown, and red.

I

AMPHILOGY, ain-fil'o-je, s. (ampli and logos, a discourse, Gr.) Doubtful expression. AMPHIMERINA, am-fe-mer'e-na, s. (amphi and emera, a day, Gr.) A quotidian or daily ague. AMPHINEUSTS, am'fe-newsts, s. (amphi and рисо, breathe, Gr.) A name given by Merrem to a tribe of reptiles which are furnished with both lungs and gills.-See Amphibia. AMPHIOXUS, am'fe-oks- us, s. (amphi and orus.

acute or swift, Gr.) A genus of lamprey cels, having neither pectoral, dorsal, nor ventral fins, AMPHIPODS, an'fe-pods, s. (amphi and pous, a foot,

Gr.) Fin-footed animals; an order of crustaces, with the feet situated under the tail, and having sessile eyes.

AMPHIPOGON, am-fe-po'gon, s. (amphi, about, and pagon, a beard, Gr.) A genus of Australian

grasses.

AMPHIPRION, am-fe-pri'on, s. (amphi, double, and prion, a saw, Gr.) A genus of spiny-finned fishes, belonging to the Chaetodon family, having both the operculum and preoperculum (cheek plates,) very strongly and remarkably serrated at their edges. AMPHIPROSTYLE, am-fi'pros-tile, s. (amphi, double, pro, before, and stylos, a column, Gr.) Applied to a temple which has a portico both in the front and behind, but is without columns at the sides. AMPHISBENA, am-fis-be'na, 8. (amphis, on both sides, and bainein, to walk, Gr.) A genus of insectivorous, oviparous, innoxious serpents, in which the body is nearly of the same thickness through

AMPHISCIANS AMPLEXICAUL.

out, and furnished with numerous rings of smal square scales; supposed to have the power o walking either backwards or forwards, and, by the ancients, to have two heads. AMPHISCIANS, am-fish'ans, 8. (amphi, both, and skia, shadow, Gr.) A term applied formerly to those inhabitants of the tropics whose shadows fal in opposite directions at the opposite seasons of the year. AMPHISPORIUM, am-fe-spo're-um.s (amphi, double, and spora, a seed.) A genus of fungi, with naked sporules, of two kinds.

AMPHITHEATRAL, am-fe-the'a-tral, a. Like an amphitheatre.

Per

AMPHITHEATRE, am-fe-the'a-tur, s. (amphitheatron, Gr.) A building of a circular or oval form, having its arena encompassed with rows of seats, rising gradually one above the other, and porticoes. The exhibitions generally consisted of combats of gladiators, wild beasts, mock sea-fights, &c. The colosseum of Vespasian and Titus was seated to contain 85,000 spectators. The name is sometimes given to a circus in modern times, and, in gardening, to an elevated terrace, having steps descending to a series of terraces, formed on the side of a rising ground. AMPHITHEATRICAL, am-fe-the-at're-kal, a. taining to an amphitheatre. AMPHITHERIUM, am-fe-the're-um, s. (amphi, doubtful, and therion, a wild beast, Gr.) A name given by Blainville to the fossil mammal of the Stonefield slate, formerly nuned the didelphys, now the thylocotherium, by Owen.-Which see. AMPHITRITE, am'fe-trite, s. In Mythology, the wife of Neptune; a personification of the sea; also, a genus of tubicular anniledes (worms inhabiting tube shells,) of great beauty, furnished with a crown of short golden-coloured bristles; the shell is formed of sand, aggluminated together by the mucus exuded from the skin.

AMPHITROPAL, am'fe-tro-pal. a. (amphi, about, and tropo, I turn, Gr.) Applied, in botany, to an

embryo, when it is curved round the body of the seed or albumen.

AMPHIUMA, am- fe- u'ma, s. (amphi, and amen, a membrane, Gr.) A genus of eel shaped animals, belonging to the batrachia, or frog family, furnished with four short legs. In their infant state they have gills, which, in maturer life, are supplied by lungs.

AMPHORA, am'fo-ra, 8. (Latin.) A two-handled measure used by the Romans for holding wine, oil, dried grapes, or olives. It contained forty-eight sextaries, or seven gallons, one pint, of English measure. In Sculpture and Ornamental Architecture, a two-hand vase, placed on sarcophagi, &c. AMPHORAL, am'fo-ral, s. A name given, in decoration, to a vase shaped like an amphora. AMPHORIC RESONANCE, am-for'ik res'o-nans, s. A sound of the chest like that which is produced by blowing into a decanter.

AMPHOTIDES, am-fo-ti'des, s. A kind of armour
worn to defend the ears by the Roman athleta.
AMPLE, am'pl, a. (amplus, Lat.) Large: wide;
extended; unlimited; without restriction; liberal;
magnificent; splendid; diffusive.

AMPLENESS, am'pl-nes, s. The quality of being
ample; largeness; splendour.
AMPLEXICAUL, am-pleks'e-kaw), a. (amplecto, I
embrace, and caulis, a stem, Lat.) Applied, in

AMYGDALUS——ANABAS.

Almond-stone. Partaking of the

AMYGDALUS, a-mig'da-lus, 8. A genus of plants, type of the natural order or tribe Amygdaleæ, AMYGDALYTE, a-nig'da-lite, s. AMYLACEOUS, a-me-la'shus, a. nature of starch. AMYLUM, a-mi lum, s. (Latin.) Starch: starch is obtained by diffusing flour through a large quantity of water, by which the saccharine and mucilaginous matters are dissolved-the fibrous parts floating on the surface, while the fecula is allowed to subside. It consists of oxygen, 49.68; hydrogen, 6.77; carbon, 43.55.—Compend. Pharm. AMYRIDE.E, am-e-rid'e-e, s. (amyris, one of the genera.) A natural order or tribe of polypetalous exogens, consisting chiefly of tropical trees, the leaves, bark, and fruit of which, abound in odoriferous resins, among which are gum elemi, bdellium, and the resin of Coumia-stamens hypogenous, and twice as numerous as the petals; ovarium inserted in a large disk; fruit fleshy, one-seeded, and covered with resinous glands. AMYRIS, a-mi ris, s. (a, and myrrha, myrrh, Lat.) A genus of plants, type of the natural order Amyridea. AN, an, (an, Goth. ane, Sax.) The form of the indefinite article when used before a word commencing with a vowel or h mute. It signifies one, but with less emphasis, as any or some-as 'there stands an ass; an elephant might swim in this water.' In old authors, it is sometimes used for if, as, on thou wert my father.' times it is redundant, as

He will, an if he live to be a man.-Shaks. Sometimes as a contraction of as if, as

Some

I will roar you an 't were any nightingale.-Shaks. ANA, an'a, ad. (Greek.) A word used in the prescriptions of physicians, importing the like quantity, as wine and honey, á or ana, Zii; that is, wine and honey, each two ounces. Ana is occasionally used as a termination, to denote collections either of remarks made by celebrated individuals, of extracts made from their note books, letters, or from newly published works. ANABAPTISE, an-a-bap'tise, v. a. To rebaptise. ANABAPTISM, an-a-bap'tizm, s. (ana, again, and baptizo, I dip or baptise, Gr.) The word is applied to a person who has been rebaptised; but such name is rejected by Antipado-baptists, or as they are more generally called, Baptists, who hold that none should be baptised till they are capable of understanding and professing the Christian faith, and that the ceremony should be performed by immersion or dipping of the whole body in water. ANABAPTIST, an-a-bap'tist, s. One who holds the doctrine of Anabaptism; the term is more particularly applied to a sect of German fanatics, who committed great excesses in the year 1525, and for ten years afterwards. In addition to their notions of the unlawfulness of infant baptism, they are said to have held the unlawfulness of all civil authority, and maintained, that among the saints, all things should be held in common. ANABAPTISTIC, an-a-bap-tis'tik, a. Relating ANABAPTISTICAL, an-a-bap-tis'te-kal,) to the notions of Anabaptists.

ANABAPTISTRY, an-a-bap'tis-tre, s. The sect or doctrine held by Anabaptists.

ANABAS, an'a-bas, s. (anabaino, I ascend, Gr.) A genus of acanthopterygious fishes, belonging to the perch family; remarkable for the power they

ANABASIS--ANACHORITE.

possess of quitting the water for some time, and making their way on land-a power arising from the complicated lamina of their gills retaining the water after they have got on land. The snout of this species is short and obtuse, and both jaws provided with rasp-like teeth, but which are strong and acute on the pharynx.

ANABASIS, an-a-baʼsis, s. (unabasis, an equisetum, Gr.) A genus of small evergreen exotic shrubs: Order, Chenopodeæ.

ANABEN, an-a-be'ne, s. (anabaino, I ascend, Gr.) A name given by J. A. Ritgen to a family of Saurians, which, like the chameleon, are in the habit of ascending trees. To the same family, the same author applies the terms anabenodactyles and an.benosaurians.

ANABOTHERA, an-a-both'e-ra, s. (anahothron, a ladder, Gr.) The name given by Witham to a fossil plant from Allanbank, Berwickshire. ANABLEPS, an'a-bleps, s. (anable pto, I look up, Gr.) A genus of fishes, belonging to the tribe Cyprinide, remarkable for a curious structure of the eye, which protrudes, and has the iris divided into two portions by a transverse band; the snout is truncated; body, of a cylindrical shape, and covered with strong scales. Inhabits the rivers of Guiana. ANABROSIS, an-a-bro'sis, s. (Greek.) An erosion or corroding; a consuming or wasting away of any part of the body.

ANACA, a-na'ka, s. A small kind of paroquet. ANACAMPSEROUS, an-a-kamp'se-rus, s. (anukampto,

and eros, love, Gr.) A genus of plants, supposed by the ancients to have the power of restoring the passion of love: Order, Purtulaceæ. ANACAMPTIC, an-a-kamp'tik, a. (anakampto, I reflect or bend back, Gr.) Reflecting or reflected; an anacamptic sound, an echo; an anacamptic hill, a hill that produces an echo. ANACAMPTICS, an-a-kamp'tiks, s. doctrine of reflected light. ANACAMPTIS, an-a-kamp'tis, s. (anakampto, Gr.) The orchis pyramidalis of Linnaeus: Order, Orchideæ.

Catoptrics, the

ANACANTHUS, an-a-kan' thus, s. (ana, and kanthos, a spine, Gr.) A genus of skate fishes which have neither spine nor fin upon the tail. ANACARDIACEÆ, an-a-kár-de-a'se-e, s. (ana, and kardin, the heart, Gr.) A natural order of polypetalous exogens, consisting of woody plants abounding in an acrid resin; flowers with perigynous stamens; fruit, superior, simple, one-seeded; leaves alternate without stipule. It contains among its genera the sumach, the pistacias, the mango, and the cashew, the nuts of the latter are well known as yielding a black caustic oil, and a wholesome kernal, used in making puddings, or eaten raw, in the West Indies. ANACARTHETICS, an-a-kar-thet'iks, s. (ana, and katharos, pure, Gr.) A name given by the Greeks to cough, attended with expectoration; any medicine that operates upwards.-Quincy. ANACEPHALIOSIS, an-a-sef-a-le-o'sis, s. (anakepholaiosis, Gr.) Recapitulation or summary of the principal heads.

ANACEPHALIZE, an-a-sef'a-lize, v. a. (ana, again, and kephale, a head, Gr.) To recapitulate; to go over the heads of a discourse again. ANACHORET, an-ak'o-ret, ) s. A hennit; a monk ANACHORITE, an-ak'o-rite, who leaves the convent to lead a more secluded life.