ALECTO, one of the Furies, VIII. 524. ALECTORIDES, group of birds, XVIII. 45. ALEMAN, Louis, cardinal, 1. 476. Mateo, Spanish romancist, XXII. 357. ALEMANNI, German tribe, I. 476; X. 476; invasion of Roman empire by, XX. 777, 779; XXII. 729; Narses's campaigns against, XVII. 233. Luigi, Italian poet, I. 441. 276. ALEMANNUS, translator from Arabic, II. 270. Johannes, Venetian painter, XXI. 436, 442. ALEMBIC, for distillation, I. 477. ALEMTEJO, province, Portugal, 1. 477; XIX. 537. ALDEBURGH (Aldborough), town, Eng- ALENÇON, town, France, I. 477; XVIII. 2; land, I. 472; XXII. 622. ALDEGONDE, St, F. van Marnix, lord of, Dutch Reformer, XII. 92. ALDEGREVER, or Aldegraf, Heinrich, German painter, I. 472. ALDEHYDES, in chemistry, v. 567. ALDEN, island, Norway, XVII. 576. ALDER, tree, I. 472; culture of, II. 318. ALDERMAN, I. 472; XVII. 27. ALDERNEY, Channel Islands, England, I. 473. CATTLE, XIII. 635. lace of, XIV. 186. Duke of, IX. 562. Marguerite d', princess, XV. 538. ALENIO, Giulio, Jesuit missionary, I. 477. ALEPPI, town, Travancore, India, XXIII. ALES, Alexander, Scottish Reformer, 1. 478; XXI. 542. ALESHKI, town, Russia, XXIII. 83. ALDERSHOT, town and camp, England, ALESIUS (Ales), or Aless, Alexander, I. 474; XI. 431; XXII. 694. ALDERSON, Amelia (Mrs Opie), XVII. 787. Scottish Reformer, I. 478; XXI. 542. ALESSANDRI, Alessandro, Italian jurisconsult, I. 479. ALDFRID, king of Northumberland, ALESSANDRIA, province and town, Italy, XVII. 570. ALDHELM, St, early English author, 1. 474; VIII. 403; his Psalter, VIII. 382. ALDINE PRESS, XV. 512. ALDINI, Giovanni, Italian physicist, I. 474. ALDOBRANDINI, Ippolito (Pope Clement VIII.), V. 822. ALDOBRANDO, Italian writer, XIII. 501. ALDO MANUZIO, Venetian printer, XV. 512; his Greek classics, III. 656. I. 479. ALESSI, Galeazzo, Italian architect, I. 479. ALETH (St Servan), ancient town, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, I. 479; birds of, ALEUTS, race of people, America, XII. 826. ALDONA, Anna, wife of Casimir III. of ALEVIN, newly-hatched salmon, XXI. Poland, XIX. 288. ALDRED, archbishop of York, I. 475. ALDRICH, Dr Henry, English writer, I. 475. ALDRISI (Edrisi), Arabian geographer, VII. 669. ALDROVANDA, genus of insectivorous plants, XIII. 137. ALDROVANDI, Ulisse, Italian naturalist, 224. ALEXANDER, of Battenberg, prince of Bulgaria, XXIII. 652. kings of Epirus, VIII. 484. Leopold Franz Emmerich, prince of Hohenlohe, priest, and miracleworker, XII. 51. the Great, king of Macedonia, I. 480; XI. 104; XV. 139; extent of his conquests, X. 175; his invasion of India, XII. 786; of Persia, XVIII. 581; his capture of Persepolis, XVIII. 559; his conquest of Phrygia, XVIII. 852; his siege of Tyre, XVIII. 809; Arrian's history of, II. 631; romancing histories of, XX. 640; marble head of, II. 362; coins of, XVII. 641. king of Poland, XIX. 290. I., czar of Russia, I. 491; XVII. 485; II., of Scotland, I. 491; XXI. 484. III., of Scotland, I. 491; XXI. 485. voivode of Walachia, XXI. 17. of Aboniteichos, mystic, XVII. 130. of Ætolia, Alexandrian critic, I. 499. of Aphrodisias, Peripatetic philosopher, I. 486; xviii. 546. of Hales, theologian and philosopher, I. 486; XXI. 427; Roger Bacon's tirade against him, III. 219. of Tralles, Byzantine physician, 1. 486; xv. 804. NEVSKI, of Novgorod, XXI. 90. ALEXANDRA, Lycophron's poem, I. 499. LAND, South Australia, XXII. 283. NILE, river, Central Africa, XVII. 505. PALACE, London, XIV. 836. ALEXANDRE, Racine's drama, XX. 205. ALEXANDRETTA, town, Asia Minor, XXI. 366. ALEXANDRIA, town, Egypt, I. 493; VII. 767; founding of, I. 482; XV. 140; battle of (1801), I. 38; catacombs at, V. 215; coins of, XVII. 651; commerce of, XXIII. 655; glass-making at, x. 650; libraries, XIV. 510; burning of them, I. 778; literature, XI. 143; museum, 1. 69; observatory, XVII. 709; schools of learning, I. 498; XV. 144; XVII. 839. ALEXANDRIA, Era of, v. 714. -, town, Scotland, I. 496. -, town, Virginia, U.S.A., I. 496; XXIV. 259. 580. IV. 107, 162; XX. 425, 430; in her- | ALI, Seyed Mohammed, founder of ALGAROTTI, Francesco, Italian author, I. 509. ALGARROBO, Peruvian trees, XVIII. 671. TROAS, city, Asia Minor, XXIII. ALGARVE, or Algarves, province, Portu ALEXANDRIAN CANON, V. 5. gal, I. 509; XIX. 536. ALGAU, district, Bavaria, I. 510. ALEXANDRIAN MANUSCRIPT, I. 496; AL-GAZALI, or Algazel, Arabian philo XVIII. 147. ALEXANDRIAN SCHOOL, I. 498; anatomy in, 1. 801; astronomy, II. 748; medicine, xv. 801; XXII. 674. ALEXANDRINE VERSE, I. 500. ALEXANDRITE, mineral, XVI. 386. ALEXANDROFF, town, Russia, XXIV. 271. ALEXANDROPOL, town, Transcaucasia, Russia, XI. 277; XXIII. 515. ALEXANDROVSK, town, Transcaspian Region, Russia, XXIII. 513. ALEXANDROVSKAYA, town, Russia, XXII. 472. sopher, I. 510; II. 268. 758. BEY, sultan of Egypt, 1. 572; VII. BEY (Domingo Badia y Leblich), Spanish traveller, III. 227. PASHA (Arslan), ruler of Albania, I. 573; XI. 125; XXIII. 649; his attack on Parga, XVIII. 273. PASHA, pasha of Egypt, VII. 761. ALGAZEL, species of antelope, II. 101. ALIASKA (Alaska, q.v.), territory, U.S.A., ALGECIRAS, town, Spain, I. 562. ALGERIA, country, Africa, I. 562; IX. ALEXANDROVSKII POSAD, town, Russia, | ALGERINE PIRATES, I. 566. ALEXIAD, historical work, by Anna ALEXIN, town, Russia, XXIII. 605. ALEXIS, Greek poet, 1. 501. czar of Russia, XXI. 96. son of Peter the Great, XVIII. 699. Wilibald, German novelist, XI. 479. ALEXIUS I., Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, 1. 501; his relations with the crusaders, VI. 625. —, emperor of Trebizond, XXIII. 533. ALFANI, Domenico, Italian painter, I. 501. AL-FARABI, Arabian philosopher, I. 501; ALFEEYAH, Arab grammar, II. 265. ALFIERI, Vittorio, Italian poet, 1. 502; ALFRED, the Great, English king, I. CROQUIS, nom-de-crayon of D. Maclise, painter, XV. 165. JEWEL, Enamelling of, VIII. 183. ALFWOLD, Northumbrian king, XVII. 570. ALGE, order of plants, 1. 507; XXIV. 125; their relations to Fungi, III. 692; IX. 834; to lichens, XIV. 556; as parasitic plants, XVIII. 266; reproduction of, ALGERUS MAGISTER, French author, I. ALGEZIRAS, town, Spain, I. 562. ALICANTE, province and town, Spain, I. ALICATA, town, Sicily, 1. 574. ALIEN, in law, I. 574; relations of, in ALIENATION, of land, VI. 434; XX. 307. ALIGNMENTS, lines of stone monuments, ALIMENT, in Scots law, I. 576. ALGHERO, town, Sardinia, I. 569; XXI. ALIMENTA, Trajan's, for poor and orphan 309. ALGIERS, town, Algeria, I. 570; cap tivity of Cervantes at, V. 350; conquest ALGIN, mucilage, XVII. 12. ALGONQUINS, American Indians, 1. 688, ALGUM, incense, XII. 718; tree, 1. 596. II., caliph of Cordova, XXII. 313. ALHAZEN, Arabian mathematician, I. children, XXIII. 504. ALIMENTARY CANAL, VII. 221; XVII. ALIMENTARY SYSTEM, of birds, III. 725; ALIMONY, in English law, 1. 576. ALISCANS, French chanson, IX. 638. 817. ALKALI, in chemistry, I. 578; volatile, I. 741. ALKALIES, Metals of the, v. 524; their ALKALINE PHOSPHATES, XVIII. 819. ALHUCEMAS, bay and islets, Morocco, ALKALOIDS, in chemistry, I. 578; natu XVI. 830. ALI, caliph, 1. 572; XVI. 548, 563, 566, ral, or native, V. 576; XVII. 520; vegetable waste-products, XIX. 53. ALKAMA, Arabic poet, XVI. 537. ALKANET, plant, I. 578. AL-KANTARA, town, Morocco, XVI. 832. town, U.S.A., I. 583. AL-KHARIZMI, Arabian mathematician, | ALLENTOWN, Pennsylvania, | ALLSPICE, or Pimento, XIX. 97; XVIII. 517. AL-KINDI, or Alkindius, Arabian philo- ALLESTRY, or Allestree, Richard, English ALLSTEDT, district, Germany, XXI. 349. sopher, I. 578; II. 267. ALKMAAR, town, Netherlands, 1. 578. Heinrik von, German satirist, I. 578. ALKOSH, Mesopotamia, Nahum's tomb at, XVII. 165. ALKYLAMINES, in chemistry, XVII. 519. ALLADA, towns, Dahomey, Africa, VI. 766. ALLSTON, Washington, American painter and poet, I. 588, 722. ALL THE TALENTS, English ministry ALLUCINGOLI, Ubaldo (Pope Lucius ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS, X. 365; XII. 62, ALLAH, Arabian name of God, I. 578; ALL-HALLOWs, or Allhallowtide, fes- ALLUVIUM, land made up of sediment, ALLEGHANY, Virginia, U.S.A., mineral❘ ALLITERATION, I. 585. ALLITERATIVE CONCORD, in philology, 409. river, United States, 1. 580. ALLIX, Pierre, French divine, 1. 586. ALLEGORIES, of the Physiologus, XIX. 6. ALLOPHANE, mineral, XVI. 424. ALLOLOBOPHORA, genus of worms, ALLEGRI, Antonio (Correggio), painter, Gregorio, Italian musician, 1. 581. ALLEINE, Joseph, English divine, I. 581. - Richard, English divine, 1. 582. Ethan, American patriot, XXIII. 787. John, political writer, I. 583. Ralph, inventor of cross-roads postal system, XIX. 565. Thomas, English mathematician, ALMADEN, town, Spain, 1. 589. -, Diego d', Spanish commander, 1. 589; XVIII. 677. ALMAI, singing girls of Egypt, 1. 592. Nautical, XVII. 260. ALMANSA, or Almanza, town, Spain, 1. ALME, singing girls of Egypt, I. 592. Francisco de, viceroy of Portuguese ALMELO, town, Holland, XVIII. 78. ALLORI, Alessandro, Italian painter, I. ALMERIA, province and town, Spain, 1. 587. 593; XXII. 298. I. ALMERY, in architecture, II. 459. Cristofano, Italian painter, 1. 587. ALLOXAN, in chemistry, I. 587. ALMOHADES, Mohammedan dynasty, 1. 593; in Spain, XXII. 316; in Tunis, XXIII. 621. AL-MOKANNA, Moslem impostor, XVI. 580. ALLOY, I. 587; in coinage, XVI. 483, ALMON, John, political writer and 725. ALLOYS, in assaying, II. 724; fusing ALL SOULS COLLEGE, Oxford, XVIII. ALL SOULS DAY, XVII. 606. publisher, I. 594. ALMOND, tree and fruit, 1. 594; XII. 269; river, Scotland, XIV. 669. ALMONDBURY, town, England, I. 595. ALMONDELL HOUSE, Linlithgow, Scotland, XIV. 670. ALMOND NUT, XVII. 664. ALMOND OIL, XVII. 744; chemistry of, ALMONER, ecclesiastical officer, I. 595. ALMONRY, in architecture, II. 459. ALMSHOUSES, English, XIX. 465. ALOE, plant, I. 597; XII. 262; incense, XII. 718. ALOIDÆ, or Aloiadæ, in Greek legend, I. 597. ALOIN, bitter principle in plants, XIX. 53. ALOMBRADOS, Spanish mystics, XII. 706. ALOMPRA, Burmese king, I. 597; IV. 556. ALONZO, kings of Spain and Portugal, I. 615. See Alphonso. ALOPECIA, skin disease, XXII. 121. ALPEN-HORN, trumpet, XXIII. 593. 270. ALPHEN, Hieronymus van, Dutch | ALSTON, Charles, Scottish botanist, I. ALSTONIA GUM, XI. 339. ALT, river, Transylvania, I. 638. I.-III., kings of the Asturias, I. ALTAMAHA, river, Georgia, U.S.A., X. XI., of Castile, 1. 617; XXII. 319. XII., king of Spain, XXII. 346. I.-IV., princes of Este, VIII. 559. I.-VI., kings of Portugal, 1. 618. See also Affonso. DE CARTAGENA, Spanish historian, I. 619. ALPHONSUS A SANCTA MARIA, Spanish historian, I. 619. ALPINI, Prospero, Italian physician and botanist, I. 619. ALPINIA, genus of plants, X. 17. ALPNACHERSEE, Lake of Lucerne, Switzerland, XV. 41. ALPS, the, 1. 619; geological structure of, X. 371, 373; Hannibal's passage of, XI. 441; XX. 749; heights of, compared with the Himalayas, XI. 826; Saussure's observations on, XXI. 324; Southern, XIII. 434; Styrian, XXII. 614; Swiss, XXII. 776, 779. ALPUJARRAS, or Alpuxaras, district, Spain, 1. 636. ALRED, archbishop of York, 1. 475. ALREDUS, early English historian, I. 636. ALRESFORD, New, town, England, 1. 636. AL-RUSS, town, Arabia, XVII. 774. ALSACE, province, Germany, I. 636; ceded to Spain, XXII. 330; annexed to France (1675), IX. 577; X. 502; restored to Germany (1871), IX. 627; X. 513. I. 642. ALTEN, river, Norway, XVII. 576. ALTENBURG, town, Germany, I. 642; XXI. 347. ALTEN OETTING, town, Bavaria, 1. 642. ALTENSTEIN, castle, Saxe-Meiningen, Germany, I. 642. ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS, III. 687; IV. 159; XIII. 146; XX. 429. ALTHEA ROSEA, species of plants, XII. 102. AL-THING, parliament of Iceland, XII. ALTIN, lake, Siberia, 1. 642. Jacob, German theologian, I. 642. ALTIONOS (Tours), ancient town, France, XXIII. 491. ALTIS, in ancient Olympia, xvii. 766, 768. ALTITUDES, Geodesic determination of, X. 171; meridian, XVII. 269; determination of, in surveying, XXII. 707, 711. ALTMARK, district, Prussian Saxony, XXI. 359. ALTO Douro, Portugal, wine industry of, XVII. 795; XXIV. 607. ALTOETTING, town, Bavaria, I. 642. ALSEN, island, Schleswig-Holstein, 1. ALTOFTS, parish, Yorkshire, England, ALPHEUS, father of the apostle James, ALSOP, Vincent, Puritan divine, 1. 637. ALPHARABIUS (Al-Farabi), Arabian philosopher, II. 267. AL-PHASI (Riph), Jewish rabbi and Talmudist, XX. 566. ALSOPHILA, genus of tree-ferns, XXIII. 534. ALSTED, Johann Heinrich, German author, I. 637; his Encyclopædia, VIII. 193. XVII. 552. ALTON, town, England, 1. 642. town, Illinois, U.S.A., I. 643. LOCKE, Kingsley's novel, XIV. 88. ALTONA, town, Schleswig-Holstein, I. 643; XI. 404; XX. 16; XXI. 415; observatory at, XVII. 712. ALTOONA, town, Pennsylvania, 1. 643. ALTO ORINOCo, territory, Venezuela, XXIV. 140. ALTORF, town, Switzerland, 1. 642; XXII. 778. 819. AMAGAT, E. H. M., his experiments on | AMA-XOSAS, race, South Africa, XIII. pressure of gases, XV. 495; XIX. 242. AMAGER, or Amak, island, Denmark, I. 651; VI. 343. AMALABERGA, Frankish queen, X. 476. ALTO-RILIEVO, in sculpture, I. 643; the AMALARIC, Gothic chief, x. 851. largest in the world, 1. 509. ALTRINGHAM, town, England, 1. 643. ALTRUISM, in Comtist system, VI. 237. AMALASONTHA, daughter of Theodoric, 1. 651; X. 851; XXIII. 257. AMALEKITES, of Scripture, 1. 651; XVIII. 175. ALTVATER, mountain, Moravia, XVI. AMALFI, town, Italy, 1. 652. 810; XXII. 53. ALUCO, genus of birds, XVIII. 91. ALUMAT, king of Persia, XVIII. 633. ALUNITE, mineral, XVI. 402. ALUNOGENE, mineral, I. 645; XVI. 401. ALURED, early English historian, I. 636, 425. ALUTA, river, Transylvania, I. 638; XXIII. 521. ALVA, village, Scotland, I. 647; XXII. 554. AMALGAM, mercurial alloy, 1. 652; XVI. 33; mineral, XVI. 382. AMAZON, or Amazons, river, South America, 1. 654, 674; IV. 221; birds of, III. 746. AMAZONAS, territory, Venezuela, XXIV. 140. AMAZONS, female warriors, 1. 655; XXI. 310; of Dahomey, VI. 767. AMAZON-STONE, mineral, XI. 48; XVI. 419. AMA-ZULU RACE, South Africa, XIII. 818; XVII. 319; XXIV. 828. AMALGAMATION, of metals, XVI. 58; of AMBALA, division, district, and town, British India, I. 655; XX. 109. AMBARAWA, town, Java, XIII. 606. AMBARVALIA, Roman festival, 1. 656; XV. 570. AMALRIC, or Amaury, king of Jerusalem, AMBASSADOR, I. 657; his position and VII. 752; XXIII. 161. or Amalrich, of Bena, mystic,, 652; XVII. 132; XXI. 426. AMALRICANS, sect of the Free Spirit XVII. 132. AMALRICH of Bena, mystic, I. 652; Pomponio, Venetian painter, I. 652. AMANA (Abana), river of Scripture, Syria, XIV. 394. rights, XIII. 193. AMBATO, town ador, 1. 659. Liquid, liquidambar, XIV. 687. COMMUNITY, communistic society, AMBERNO, river, New Guinea, XVII. U.S.A., VI. 216. -, Duke of, Spanish general, 1. 647; XVIII. 744; in Holland, XII. 75. AMANCAES, Peruvian lily, XVIII. 670. ALVARADO, Pedro de, Spanish dis- AMAPALA, port, Honduras, XII. 130. coverer, I. 648. ALVAREZ, Francisco, Portuguese traveller, 1. 648. José, Spanish sculptor, 1. 649. Manuel, Spanish sculptor, I. 649. ALVARO DE LUNA, Spanish minister, XXII. 321. ALVEOLAR SARCOMA, disease, XVIII. 369. ALWAR, state, India, 1. 649; xX. 260. ALWIN, Henry Fitz, first mayor of London, XIV. 844. ALYATTES, Lydian king, XV. 100; XXII. 186; his tomb, near Sardis, II. 401; xv. 98. ALYPIUS, Greek writer on music, I. 649. of Antioch, geographer, I. 649. ALYTH, town, Scotland, 1. 649; XVIII. 667. AMADAVAT, bird, XXIV. 463. AMADEUS I.-IV., counts of Savoy, XXI. 339. V., of Savoy, 1. 650; XXI. 341. VI., VII., of Savoy, XXI. 341. VIII., duke of Savoy (Felix V., antipope), I. 650; XIX. 503; XXI. 341. | IX., duke of Savoy, XXI. 341. of Aosta, king of Spain, XXII. 346. A-MADI, African nation, XVII. 473. AMADIS OF GAUL, Spanish romance, 1. 650; IX. 653; XX. 653; XXII. 355. AMADIS OF GREECE, romance, XX. 655. AMADOU, fungus, 1. 650. AMAR, Asiatic people, in Egyptian literature, I. 747. AMARANTH, I. 653. AMARAPURA, or Ummerapoora, town, Burmah, 1. 653; III. 144. AMARA SINHA, Sanskrit writer, 1. 652. AMAR DAS, Sikh ruler, India, XX. 110. AMARGOSA, river, Nevada, U.S.A., XVII. 367. AMARYLLIS, plant, XII. 265. AMARYNTHOS, Amphictyony of, I. 773. AMASIA, or Amasiayah, town, Turkey in Asia, I. 653; XIX. 459. 386. AMBERT, town, France, 1. 661; xx. 120. AMBLESIDE, town, England, 1. 661; XXIV. 516. AMBLETEUSE, town, France, I. 661. AMBLYCEPHALIDE, family of snakes, XXII. 193. AMBLYGONITE, mineral, XVI. 408. AMBLYOPIA, eye disease, XVII. 784. AMBLYOPSIS SPELÆUS, blind fish, xv. 450. AMBLYPODA, suborder of ungulate mammals, XV. 426. AMBLYRHYNCHUS, genus of reptiles, XX. 453. AMBLYSTEGITE, mineral, XVI. 415. AMASIS, king of Egypt, 1. 653; IV. 733; AMBLYSTOMA, metamorphosed siredon AMAURI, or Amalric, of Bena, mystic, I. 660. AMAXICHI, or Amaxikhi, town, Ionian AMBROGINI, Angelo (Politian), Italian Islands, 1. 654; XXI. 297. scholar and poet, XIX. 345; XX. 384. |