PACHYOTRIS fabricii, 96.
PACHYRHYNCHI, weevils mimicked
by Longicorns, 95.
PALEOTHERIUM, 299.
PALOPLOTHERIUM, 299.
PAPILIO, black and red group imi-
tated, 84.
Papilio achates, 147; P. adaman-
tius, 171; P. ænigma, 87; P.
agamemnon, 141, 158, 170, 171;
P. agestor, 180; P. alphenor,
148, 169; P. amanga, 151; P.
androcles, 171; P. androgeus, 88,
147, 180, 183; P. antiphates,
141, 171; P. antiphus, 87, 150,
170, 180, 183; P. aristæus, 171;
P. arjuna, 141; P. ascalaphus,
171; P. autolycus, 160; P. bathy-
cles, 141; P. blumei, 171; P.
brama, 171; P. caunus, 87, 179;
P. codrus, 160, 171; P. cöon, 88,
146, 180, 182; P. deiphobus, 140;
P. deiphontes, 171; P. delessertii,
180; P. demolion, 171; P. diphi-
lus, 87, 170, 180, 183; P. double-
dayi, 88, 180; P. elyros, 148; P.
encelades, 171; P. erectheus, 151 ;
P. euripilus, 160; P. evemon,
159; P. gigon, 171; P. glaucus,
152; P. hector, 87, 150, 180, 183;
P. helenus, 160, 171; P. hospi-
ton, 178; P. ideoides, 180; P.
jason, 159, 171; P. ledebouria,
148, P. leucothoë, 171; P. leoda-
mas, 170; P. liris, 87, 180, 184;
P. macareus, 179; P. machaon,
178; P. melanides, 148, 150; P.
memnon, 88, 140, 146, 147, 152,
180, 183; P. milon, 171; P. ne-
phelus, 140; P, nicanor, 170; P
anomaus, 88, 180, 184; P. onesi-
mus, 151; P. ormenus, 150, 152,
182;
P. pammon, 147, 152, 170,
180; P. pamphylus, 171; P.
pandion, 152, 180; P. paradoxa,
87, 179; P. peranthus, 160, 171;
P. pertinax, 145; P. philoxenus,
182; P. polydorus, 88, 170, 182;
P. polytes, 147, 148; P. rhesus,
171; P. romulus, 87, 148, 150,
183; P. sarpedon, 141, 158, 171;
P. sataspes, 171; P. severus,
140, 144; P. theseus, 87, 148,
150, 169, 170, 171, 180, 183: P.
thule, 179; P. torquatus, 156;
P. turnus, 152; P. ulysses, 140,
160, 173; P. varuna, 88.
PAPILIONIDE, the question of their
rank, 133; peculiar characters
possessed by, 134; peculiarly
diurnal, 136; compared with
groups of mammalia, 138; dis-
tribution of, 140; large forms
of Celebes and Moluccas, 168;
large forms of Amboyna, 169;
local variation of form, 169;
arrangement of, 186; geogra-
phical distribution of, 189; of
Indo-Malay and Austro-Malay
regions, 192; of Java, Suma-
tra, and Borneo, 193.
PARIDÆ, sexual colouring and nidi-
fication of, 243.
PASSENGER pigeon, cause of its
great numbers, 308.
PATENT inventions, as illustrating
classification, 295.
Phacellocera batesii, mimics one of
the Anthribidæ.
Phalaropus fulicarius, 115, 251.
PHASMIDÆ, imitate sticks and
twigs, 64; females resembling
leaves, 112.
PHYLLIUM, Wonderful protective
colour and form of, 64.
PHYSALIA, 258.
PIERIDE, local modification of
form in, 172.
PIERIS, females only imitating
Heliconidæ, 112.
Pieris coronis, 172; eperia, 172.
Pieris pyrrha, 113.
PICIDE, sexual colouring and nidi-
fication of, 242.
PIPRIDE, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 245.
PITTIDE, 253.
Pliocerus equalis, 101; P. elapoides,
P. euryzonus, 102.
Paciloderma terminale, 93.
POLARITY, Forbes' theory of, 17,
45.
POLYMORPHISM, 145; illustration
of, 157.
POPULATION of species, law of, 28;
does not permanently increase,
29; not determined by abun-
dance of offspring, 29; checks
to, 30; difference in the case of
cats and rabbits explained, 32.
PREVISION, a case of, 122.
PRIONITURUS, 196.
PROTECTION, various modes in
which animals obtain it, 69-71,
258; greater need of, in female
insects and birds, 113.
PROTECTIVE Colouring, theory of,
65.
PSITTACI (Parrots), sexual colour-
ing and nidification of, 242.
PTEROSAURIA, 298.
PTYCHODERES, 94.
RACES, or subspecies, 160; of
man, origin of, 319.
REDBREAST and woodpigeon, pro-
tective colouring of, 53, 54.
REPRESENTATIVE groups, 9; of Tro-
gons, butterflies, &c., 12.
REPTILES, protective colouring of,
RHAMPHASTIDÆ, sexual colouring
and nidification of, 242.
RHINOCEROS, 299.
RIVER system, as illustrating self-
adaptation, 276.
ROSES, Mr. Baker on varieties of,
165.
RUDIMENTARY organs, 23.
SALVIN, Mr. Osbert, on a case of
bird mimicry, 107.
Saturnia pavonia-minor, protective
colouring of larva of, 63.
SATYRIDE, probable means of pro-
tection of, 176.
SAUROPTERYGIA, 299.
SAVAGES, why they become extinct,
319; undeveloped intellect of,
339, 341; intellect of, compared
with that of animals, 341, 343;
protect their backs from rain,
346.
SCANSORIAL birds, nests of, 238.
SCAPHURA, 98.
SCISSIROSTRUM, 165.
SCOPULIPEDES, brush-legged bees,
91.
SCUDDER, Mr., on fossil insects, 301.
SCUTELLERIDE, mimicked by Long-
icorns, 96.
Sesia bombiliformis, 90.
SESIDE, mimic Hymenoptera, 90.
SEXES, Comparative importance of,
in different classes of animals,
111; diverse habits of, 156.
SEXUAL SELECTION, 156; its nor-
mal action to develop colour in
both sexes, 247; among birds,
283.
SIDGWICK, Mr. A., on protective
colouring of moths, 62.
SIMOCYONIDE, 300.
SITTA, sexual colouring and nidi-
fication of, 243.
SITTELLA, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 243.
SNAKES, mimicry among, 101.
SONG of birds, instinctive or imita-
tive, 220.
SPECIES, law of population of, 28;
abundance or rarity of, depend-
ent on the adaptation to condi-
tions, 33; definition of, 141,
161; the range and constancy
of, 143; extreme variation in,
163, 164.
SPEED of animals, limits of, 292.
Sphecia craboniforme, 90.
Sphecomorpha chalybea, 96.
SPHEGIDE, mimicked by flies, 97.
SPIDERS, which mimic ants, 98;
and flower buds, 99.
Spilosoma menthastri, 88.
STAINTON, Mr., on moths rejected
by turkeys, 78, 88.
STALACHTIS, a genus of Erycinidæ,
the object of mimicry, 84.
STINGING insects generally conspi-
cuously coloured, 72.
STREPTOCITTA, 196.
STURNIDE, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 244.
STURNOPASTOR, 239.
Streptolabis hispoides, 93.
STRUGGLE for existence, 28, 33.
SURVIVAL of the fittest, law of,
stated, 33; its action in deter-
mining colour, 67.
SWAINSON'S circular and quinarian
SYLVIADE, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 245
SYNAPTA, 258.
TACHORNIS phænicobea, 228.
Tachyris hombronii, 172; ithome,
172; lycaste, 172; lyncida, 172;
nephele, 172; nero, 172; zarinda,
172.
TANAGRIDÆ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 245.
TELEPHORI, similar colouring of
two sexes, 114.
TEMPERATE and cold climates fa-
vourable to civilization, 318.
THECODONTIA, 299.
THERATES, mimicked by Hetero-
mera, 95.
Thyca descombesi, 172; hyparete,
172; rosenbergii, 172; zebuda,
172.
TIGER, adaptive colouring of, 52.
TIMES newspaper on Natural Selec-
tion, 296.
TOOLS, importance of, to man,
314.
TREE FROGS, probable mimicry by,
103.
TRIMEN, Mr., on rank of the Papi-
lionidæ, 136.
TRISTRAM, Rev. H., on colours of
desert animals, 50.
Trochilium tipuliforme, 90.
TROGONIDE, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 241.
TROPICAL birds often green, 52.
TROPICS, most favourable to pro-
duction of perfect adaptation
among animals, 68; not favour-
able to growth of civilization,
318.
TROPIDORHYNCHUS mimicked by
orioles, 104.
TRUTHFULNESS of some savages,
353; not to be explained on
utilitarian hypothesis, 354.
TURDIDÆ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 245.
TURNIX, 115, 251.
TYNDALL, Professor, on origin of
consciousness, 361.
UPUPIDÆ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 241.
USEFUL and useless variations, 34.
UTILITY, importance of the prin-
ciple of, 47, 127.
VARIABILITY, simple, 144.
VARIATIONS, useful and useless, 34;
laws of, 143, 266; as influenced
by locality, 166; of size, 168;
universality of, 287-291; are
there limits to, 291; of domestic
dogs, 293; of pigeons, 293.
VARIETIES, instability of, supposed
to prove the permanent dis-
tinctness of species, 26; if su-
perior will extirpate original
species, 36; its reversion then
impossible, 37; of domesticated
animals may partially revert,
38, 40; inconvenience of using
the term, 161.
Vertebrata, mimicry among, 99.
VOICE of man, not explained by
natural selection, 350.
VOLUCELLA, species of mimic bees,
75, 98.
WALSH, Mr., on dimorphism, of
Papilio turnus, 153.
WEAPONS and tools, how they
affect man's progress, 314.
WEEVILS often resemble small
lumps of earth, 58.
WEIR, Mr. Jenner, on a moth
refused by birds, 89; on beetles
refused by birds, 93; on cater-
pillars eaten and rejected by
birds, 119
WESTWOOD, Professor, objections
to theory of mimicry, 108.
WHITE Colour in domesticated and
wild animals, 66.
WILD and domesticated animals,
essential differences of, 38-41.
WILL really exerts force, 367;
probably the primary source of
force, 368.
WOOD, Mr. T. W., on orange-tip
butterfly, 59.
WOODCOCKS and Snipes, protective
colouring of, 53.
WOODPECKERS, why scarce in Eng-
land, 32.
XANTHIA, autumnal colours of
these moths, 62.
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