b. Of Accomplice [§ 1055] p 549 17. Matters after Offense [§§ 1057-1080] p 549 b. Concealment of Crime [§ 1058] p 550 c. Falsehoods to Avoid Suspicion [§ 1059] p 550 d. Condition of Clothes of Accused [§ 1060] p 550 e. Finding or Possession of Property [§ 1061] p 550 f. Whereabouts of Accused Generally [§ 1062] p 551 g. Flight and Refusal to Flee [§§ 1063-1068] p 551 (2) After Indictment [§ 1064] p 552 (3) After Release from Custody [§ 1065] p 552 (4) Flight from Another Offense [§ 1066] p 552 (5) Refusal to Flee [§ 1067] p 553 (6) Explanation of Flight [§ 1068] p 553 h. Assuming Name [§ 1069] p 553 i. Arrest and Attending Circumstances [§ 1070] p 553 j. Conduct in Jail Generally [§ 1071] p 554 k. Attempt to Commit Suicide [§ 1072] p 554 1. Escape, Attempt to Escape, or Refusal to Escape [§ 1073] p 554 m. Feigning Insanity [§ 1074] p 555 n. Suppression, Destruction, or Fabrication of Evidence [§ 1075] p 555 o. Attempted Bribery of Juror [§ 1076] p 556 p. Threats against Prosecuting Attorney [§ 1077] p 556 q. Transfer of Property [ 1078] p 556 r. Conduct of Person Injured [§ 1079] p 556 s. Prior to Preliminary Proceedings [§ 1080] p 556 18. Particular Defenses [$ 1081-1083] p 557 19. Incriminating or Exculpating Others [§§ 1084-1085] p 559 a. Evidence of State [§ 1084] p 559 b. Evidence of Accused [§ 1085] p 559 F. Materiality [§§ 1086-1089] p 560 4. Conceded Facts [1089] p 562 G. Competency [§§ 1090-1112] p 562 2. Negative Evidence [ 1091] p 562 3. Evidence Not Presented to Grand Jury [§ 1092] p 563 4. Telephone Conversations [§ 1093] p 563 6. Trailing by Bloodhounds [§ 1095] p 564 7. Direct Testimony as to Intent or Motive [ 1096] p 565 8. Compelling Accused to Criminate Himself [§§ 1097-1109] p 566 b. Articles Taken from Accused [§ 1098] p 567 c. Physical or Mental Examination of Accused [§ 1099] p 567 d. Exposing Person of Accused to Jurors or Witnesses [§ 1100] p 568 e. Making or Comparison of Footprints [§ 1101] p 568 f. Accompanying Jury on View [§ 1102] p 569 g. Writing Name [§ 1103] p 569 h. Acts Aiding Identification [§ 1104] p 569 i. Extrajudicial Statements, Admissions, and Confessions [§ 1105] p 569 j. Former Evidence [§ 1106] p 569 k. Requiring Preservation of Evidence [§ 1107] p 570 1. Designating Records Desired as Evidence [ 1108] p 570 m. Regulation of Motor Vehicles [§ 1109] p 570 9. Evidence Wrongfully Obtained [§ 1110] p 570 10. Admissibility as Affected by Admission of Similar Evidence [§ 1111] p 571 11. Excuse for Failure to Call Witness [§ 1112] p 572 2. Other Offenses [§ 1115] p 574 3. Acts and Statements [§§ 1116-1121] p 575 b. Of Person Injured [§§ 1117-1120] p 576 (1) Declarations [§§ 1117-1119] p 576 (b) Before Offense [§ 1118] p 577 (c) After Offense [ 1119] p 577 (2) Acts and Conduct [§ 1120] p 579 c. Of Third Persons [§ 1121] p 579 J. Character and Reputation [§§ 1122-1131] p 580 1. Of Accused [§§ 1122-1129] p 580 b. Extent of Inquiry [§§ 1123-1128] p 581 (2) Trait Involved [ 1124] p 582 (3) General Reputation or Particular Acts [ 1125] p 582 (4) Negative Evidence [§ 1126] p 584 (5) Character above Average [§ 1127] p 584 (6) Number of Witnesses [ 1128] p 584 c. Weight and Effect [§ 1129] p 584 2. Of Third Persons [§ 1130] p 586 3. Of Codefendants [1131] p 586 K. Other Offenses [§§ 1132-1201] p 586 1. In General [§§ 1132-1142] p 586 a. General Rule [§ 1132] p 586 b. Exceptions to Rule [§§ 1133-1141] p 587 (2) Relevancy in General [§ 1134] p 588 (f) Plan or System of Criminal Action [§ 1140] p 591 (g) Continuing Offense [ 1141] p 592 c. Mode of Proving Other Crimes [§ 1142] p 592 5. Assault and Battery [§ 1146] p 594 6. Banking Offenses [§ 1147] p 594 9. Carrying Weapons [§ 1150] p 595 11. Contributing to Delinquency of Child [§ 1152] p 596 12. Cruel Punishment of Child [§ 1153] p 596 13. Destroying Bank Safe [§ 1154] p 596 14. Displaying False Sign [§ 1155] p 596 15. Disposing of Mortgaged Property [§ 1156] p 596 16. Dynamiting Dwelling [ 1157] p 596 17. Election Offenses [§ 1158] p 596 18. Embezzlement [§ 1159] p 596 20. Extortion and Threats [§ 1161] p 597 21. False Pretenses [§ 1162] p 597 25. Illegally Practicing Medicine [§ 1166] p 602 32. Liquor Law Offenses [§§ 1173-1180] p 605 b. Sale or Furnishing of Liquors [§ 1174] p 605 c. Engaging in Business of Selling [§ 1175] p 606 d. Maintaining Liquor Nuisance [§ 1176] p 606 e. Transportation or Importation [§ 1177] p 607 (1) Of Liquors [§§ 1178-1179] p 607 (a) At Public Place [§ 1178] p 607 (2) Of Place Where Liquors Are Sold [§ 1180] p 607 33. Maintaining Nuisance [§ 1181] p 607 35. Obstructing Railroad Track [§ 1183] p 607 36. Obstructing Road [§ 1184] p 607 37. Offenses [§§ 1185–1190] p 607 a. Against Particular Laws [§§ 1185-1188] p 607 (1) Bankruptcy Law [1185] p 607 (2) Fish and Game Laws [1186] p 607 (3) Public Land Laws [§ 1187] p 607 (4) White Slave Acts [ 1188] p 608 b. By Officers [§§ 1189-1190] p 608 (1) Corporate Officers [§ 1189] p 608 (2) Public Officers [§ 1190] p 608 42. Receiving Stolen Goods [§ 1195] p 610 45. Selling by Short Weight [§ 1198] p 611 48. Use of Mails to Defraud [§ 1201] p 611 L. Best and Secondary Evidence [$ 1202-1220] p 611 c. Acts, Proceedings, and Records of Associations and Corporations [§ 1205] p 614 e. Negotiable Instruments [§ 1207] p 615 g. Conveyances and Bills of Sale [§ 1209] p 615 h. Order for Liquor [§ 1210] p 615 i. Accounts and Books of Account [ 1211] p 615 j. Written Evidence of Age [§ 1212] p 615 k. Private Memoranda [§ 1213] p 615 1. Letters and Telegrams [§ 1214] p 616 m. Labels, Marks, and Inscriptions [§ 1215] p 616 3. Grounds for, and Preliminaries to, Admission of Secondary Evidence [§ 1219] p 616 4. Character of Secondary Evidence [§ 1220] p 617 M. Demonstrative Evidence [§ 1221-1232] p 617 2. Articles [§ 1222-1229] p 618 b. Property of Accused Generally [§ 1223] p 618 c. Property of Injured Person Generally [§ 1224] p 618 d. Weapons and Instruments of Crime [§ 1225] p 618 e. Wearing Apparel [§§ 1226-1228] p 619 (1) Of Injured Person [§ 1226] p 619 (3) Of Third Person [§ 1228] p 620 f. Liquors and Articles Connected Therewith [§ 1229] p 620 4. Persons [ 1231] p 621 5. Fish and Animals [§ 1232] p 622 N. Hearsay Generally [§§ 1233-1242] p 622 1. In General [§ 1233] p 622 2. Written Statements [§ 1234] p 624 3. Statements Made through Interpreter [§ 1235] p 624 b. Name [§ 1237] p 625 c. Insanity [1238] p 625 d. Identity [1239] p 625 e. Occupation [§ 1240] p 626 f. Ownership or Possession [§ 1241] p 626 g. Statements of Accused [§ 1242] p 626 O. Admissions and Declarations [§§ 1243-1282] p 626 1. By Accused [§§ 1243-1267] p 626 a. In General [§ 1243] p 626 b. Words Uttered in Sleep or While Drunk [§ 1244] p 628 c. Statement in Foreign Language [§ 1245] p 628 d. Admissions Received over Telephone or Detectaphone [§ 1246] p 628 e. Voluntary Character [§ 1247] p 628 f. Judicial Admissions [§§ 1248-1255] p 629 (1) In General [§ 1248] p 629 (2) At Coroner's Inquest [§ 1249] p 629 (3) Before Grand Jury [§ 1250] p 630 (4) At Former Trial or Inquiry [§ 1251] p 630 (5) In Affidavits for Continuance or Change of Venue [§ 1252] p 630 (6) On Preliminary Examination [§ 1253] p 630 (7) Offer to Plead or Plea of Guilty [§ 1254] p 630 (8) In Civil Proceedings [§ 1255] p 631 g. Silence or Reply to Accusation [§§ 1256–1262] p 631 (a) In General [§ 1256] p 631 (b) Hearing and Understanding of Charges by Accused [§ 1257] p 632 (e) Silence at Judicial Proceeding [§ 1260] p 634 (2) Reply [§§ 1261-1262] p 634 (a) Denial [§ 1261] p 634 (b) Other Than Denial [§ 1262] p 634 h. Entire Conversation or Writing [§ 1263] p 634 i. Offer of Compromise [§ 1264] p 635 j. Self-serving Acts and Declarations [§ 1265] p 635 (2) Other Crimes [§ 1267] p 638 2. By Representatives of Accused [§ 1268] p 638 3. Declarations of Person Injured [§§ 1269-1274] p 639 a. In General [§ 1269] p 639 b. Dying Declarations [§ 1270] p 640 c. To Show Physical Condition [§ 1271] p 640 d. As to Identity of Accused [§ 1272] p 641 e. To Show Intent or Purpose of Person Injured [§ 1273] p 641 f. Statements Exculpating Accused [§ 1274] p 641 4. Declarations of Third Persons [§§ 1275-1282] p 641 a. In General [§ 1275] p 641 b. Declarant Unavailable as Witness [§ 1276] p 642 c. Accusations and Opinions of Guilt [§ 1277] p 642 d. Self-Incriminating Declarations [1278] p 643 e. Warnings [§ 1279] p 643 f. Statements Made to Prosecuting Attorney [§ 1280] p 643 g. Corroborative or Impeaching Statements [§ 1281] p 643 h. Written Statements [§ 1282] p 644 P. Acts and Declarations of Co-conspirators or Codefendants [§§ 1283-1343] p 644 1. General Rule [§ 1283] p 644 2. Charge of Conspiracy Not Necessary [§ 1284] p 647 3. Purposes for Which Evidence Admitted [§ 1285] p 647 4. Discretion of Court [§ 1286] p 647 5. Proof of Conspiracy [§§ 1287-1293] p 647 a. Necessity [§ 1287] p 647 b. Time for Proof [§ 1288] p 648 c. Nature of Proof Required [§ 1289] p 650 d. Evidence Admissible on Issue of Conspiracy [§ 1290] p 651 e. Degree of Proof Required [§ 1291] p 652 f. Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence [§ 1292] p 653 g. Concerted Action Sufficient [§ 1293] p 653 6. Determination as to Existence of Conspiracy [§ 1294] p 654 7. Persons Whose Acts and Declarations May Be Shown [§ 1295-1304] p 654 a. In General [§ 1295] p 654 b. Conspirator Not Indicted [§ 1296] p 654 c. Conspirator Not Arrested [§ 1297] p 654 d. Conspirator Not Tried with Defendant [§ 1298] p 654 e. Conspirator Who Has Been Acquitted [§ 1299] p 655 f. Husband or Wife of Defendant [§ 1300] p 655 g. Agents of Conspirators [§ 1301] p 655 h. Detectives [§ 1302] p 655 i. Victim of Crime [1303] p 655 j. Knowledge of Witness as to Identity of Actor or Declarant [§ 1304] p 655 8. Time of Act or Declaration [§§ 1305-1321] p 655 a. In General [§ 1305] p 655 b. Prior to Conspiracy [§ 1306] p 656 c. Prior to Connection of Defendant with Conspiracy [§ 1307] p 656 d. Prior to Connection of Actor or Declarant with Conspiracy [§ 1308] p 656 e. After Termination of Conspiracy [§§ 1309-1317] p 656 (1) General Rule [§ 1309] p 656 (2) Accomplishment of Object [§ 1310] p 657 (3) Arrest of Defendants [§ 1311] p 658 (4) Declarations in Presence of Defendant [§ 1312] p 658 (5) Acts or Declarations in Absence of Defendant [§ 1313] p 659 (6) Confessions or Admissions [§ 1314] p 659 (7) Possession of Property [§ 1315] p 660 (8) Appearance of Co-conspirator [§ 1316] p 661 (9) Flight or Absence of Co-conspirators or Codefendants [§ 1317] p 661 f. After Commission of Crime Contemplated [§ 1318] p 661 g. After Commission of Crime for Which Defendant on Trial [§ 1319] p 663 h. After Abandonment of Conspiracy [§§ 1320-1321] p 663 (1) In General [§ 1320] p 663 (2) Abandonment by Actor or Declarant [§ 1321] p 663 9. Nature of Acts or Declarations [§§ 1322-1329] p 663 a. In General [§ 1322] p 663 b. Transactions between Conspirators [§ 1323] p 664 c. Threats [ 1324] p 664 d. Letters [ 1325] p 664 e. Book Entries [ 1326] p 665 f. Criminal Acts [§ 1327] p 665 g. Communications between Husband and Wife [§ 1328] p 665 h. Participation of Persons Other than Conspirators [§ 1329] p 665 10. Furtherance of Common Design [§ 1330] p 665 11. Acts or Declarations in Absence of Defendant [§§ 1331-1332] p 667 b. Where Conspiracy Not Shown [§ 1332] p 667 12. Acts or Declarations Not Known to Defendant [§ 1333] p 668 13. Res Gesta [§ 1334] p 668 14. Evidence Adduced to Establish Corpus Delicti [§ 1335] p 668 15. Evidence Tending to Show Motive [§ 1336] p 668 16. Prosecution for Crime Incidental to Conspiracy [§ 1337] p 668 17. Prosecution for Aiding and Abetting [§ 1338] p 669 18. Admissibility as against Actor or Declarant [§ 1339] p 669 19. Admissibility on Behalf of Defendant [§ 1340] p 669 20. Conviction or Acquittal of Another Charged with Same Offense [§§ 1341–1342] p 670 a. Conviction [§ 1341] p 670 b. Acquittal [§ 1342] p 670 21. Effect of Proof of Acts or Declarations [§ 1343] p 670 Q. Testimony of Accomplices and Codefendants [§§ 1344-1463] p 670 1. Who Are Accomplices [§§ 1344-1370] p 670 a. In General [§ 1344] p 670 b. Concert of Action [§ 1345] p 672 c. Actual Participation Not Necessary [§ 1346] p 672 For later cases, developments and changes in the law see cumulative Annotations, same title, page and note number. |