Also, Iliad, Book IV, line 440:

"These Mars incites, and those Minerva fires

Pale Flight around and dreadful Terror reign, And Discord, raging, bathes the purple plain." "Flight" is surely an appropriate name for the innor satellite of Mars, which revolves around its primary more than three times in one of our days. Prof. Hall is this winter engaged in a full discussion of all the observations on the Mars moons. The results will no doubt be given to the astronomical journals in due time. The major part of his observations on these satellites were published in Ast. Nach., No. 2,161. Our observations on them at this Observatory were published in Ast. Nach., No. 2,172. From notes accompanying the observations, it may be seen that on September 7th we were able to see both satellites with the planet in the field. Usually the planet was shut out of the field; and on one occasion the inner satellite was measured, when only 7.6" distant from the disc of Mars. MORRISON OBSERVATORY, FEBRUARY 12, 1878.

AMERICAN EXHIBITS AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION.

The rapid approach of the time fixed for the opening of the Paris Exhi bition of 1878, renders it incumbent on us to remind those of our readers who intend to take action in this connection, that they should enter at once upon the preparation of their exhibits, so as to send in applications for space as soon as the commission shall have been appointed by our government.

It is of very great importance to this country that our inventors and manufacturers should be well represented in Paris next year. The French have an idea that this is a country of inventors and mechanics, but are entirely ignorant as to the specialties in which we excel. We should show this to them through the medium now offered us at the expense of both governments. There will undoubtedly in the future be a considerable market for our productions in Europe. Among the many subjects which should be exhibited in Paris are the following:

Special processes for the treatment of ores for the extraction of the precious metals; all kinds of machinery used in mining, milling, and concentration of ores, such as hoisting and pumping engines, ventilators, rock drills, ore dressing machinery, smelting, roasting and chloridizing furnaces, hotblast arrangements, Bessemer and Siemens-Martin plant, etc.; wire ropes, rope tramways, iron bridges, in which our engineers excel; engineer's instruments, mineral samples and products, manufacturing and agricultural machinery and products.

Though the time is exceedingly short, it is sufficient, with the characteristic energy of our people, to make our exhibit creditable if suitable measures be immediately undertaken.

The Paris Exhibition is national and under the entire control of the government. Space, steam power, gas and water, are given free. Goods,

products or inventions entering the Exhibition grounds are protected upon the simple application for a certificate, delivered gratuitously, and the said certificate is good for three months after the close of the Exhibition, and without prejudice to the patent. All goods exhibited and sold shall pay only the duty according to the tariffs of the most favored nation. This is the best opportunity that can be offered to American manufacturers to learn how they can compete with other nations in foreign markets.

Messrs. Haight Bros. & Co., of 25 Pine street, New York, offer to attend to American exhibits at the Exhibition, and, having in their partner, M. Chantal, a gentleman long connected with French-American affairs in Paris, will, we have no doubt, do so with entire satisfaction to those who intrust them with their business; they can also furnish any information which proposing exhibitors may desire.-Engineering and Mining Journal.

MAINTENANCE OF THE PAVEMENTS IN PARIS.

For cleaning streets, machine sweepers are employed drawn by a single horse, cleaning about 5,000 square meters an hour.

The cost of keeping in repair is quite different for the different avenues; For the Rue Lafayette it is 16.08 francs.

The asphalt roadways have a joint area of 225,120 square meters, to which should be added about 34,000 square meters for the walks through the Macadamized streets. The price of construction varies from twelve to fifteen francs per square meter.

The repairing is done by contract for 1.10 francs per square meter per year for the roadways, and 1.70 francs for the walks.

The mean cost of repairing roadways in Paris, which was 1.08 francs in 1870, has been reduced to 0.82 francs. This reduction is due especially to a change in many places from Macadam to paved roadways. The mean cost of repairing pavemeut never exceeds 0.60 franc, while Macadam roadways cost 1.80 francs per square meter. The latter should therefore be replaced, except where they serve as promenades and ornaments, as in the boulevards and avenues.

The following estimates are extracted from a recent report to the Municipal Council of Paris by M. Watel.

The number of vehicles which pass daily through some of the principal thoroughfares of the city have been ascertained to be as follows:

The paved roadways have an aggregate total area of 5,458,000 square meters; their maintenance requires the constant service of 431 men (cantonniers). The cost per square meter varies from 15.90 francs to 20.40 fran es according to the gauge (.10 to .16 meter).

The cost of hand labor in keeping the pavements in order is 0.154 francs per square meter.

The Macadamized roadways cover an area which, although less than in 1870, is still 1,900,000 square meters. The number of cantonniers required for their maintenance is 965.

The steam rollers employed weigh about thirty tons each. The rolling is generally completed in a single night.- Van Nostrand's Magazine.

KANSAS WEATHER REPORT FOR JANUARY, 1878.

PREPARED BY PROF. F. H. SNOW, OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY.

STATION. Lawrence, Kansas; latitude, 38°, 57, 25"; longitude, 95°, 16'; elevation of barometer and thermometer, 875 feet above the sea level, and five feet above the ground; rain gauge on the ground: anomemeter, 105 feet above ground, on the dome of the University building, 1,200 feet above the sea level.

The month was remarkable for its high temperature and large rainfall. Mean temperature, 33°.97, which is 8°.04 above the January average of the ten preceding years. January, 1876, however, was slightly warmer, having a mean of 34°.70. The highest temperature was 55°, on the 24th ; the lowest was 7°.5 on the 6th, giving a monthly range of 47°.5. This is a very limited range, indicating unusual uniformity of temperature. The mean at 7 A. M. was 38°.30; at 2 P. M., 40°.53; at 9 P. M., 33°.56. There were 22 days during the month whose mean temperature was above freezing point. The mercury has not reached the zero point during the winter.

Rain, 3.05 inches, which is 1.85 inches above the January average. Either rain or snow fell on nine days. There were flurries of snow on the 8th and 13th, not enough for measurement. There was a brisk thunder shower on the 26th, with hail and sharp lightning. The entire depth of snow for the winter thus far has been half an inch.

Mean cloudiness, 46.77 per cent., the month being 1.49 per cent. clearer than usual. The number of clear days was 14 (entirely clear, 9; half-clear 9; cloudy, 8 (entirely cloudy, 8). Mean cloudiness at 7 A. M., 53.22 per cent. at 2 P. M., 47.42 per cent.; at 9 P. M., 39.68 per cent. Wind-N. W., 43 times; S. W., 24 times; N. E, 17 times; S. E., 5 times E., twice; N., once; W., once. The entire distance traveled by the wine was 9,996 miles, which gives a mean daily velocity of 322.45 miles, and mean hourly velocity of 13.43 miles. The highest velocity was 40 miles a hour from 2 to 3 P. M. on the 5th.

Mean height of barometer, 29.144 inches; at 7 A. M., 29.158 in.; at 2 P. M 29.120 in.; at 9 P. M, 29.151 in.; maximum, 29.618 in., on the 6th; minimum 28.835 in., on the 11th.; monthly range, 0.783 in.

Relative humidity-Mean for the month, 73.4; at 7 A. M., 82.4; at 2 1 M., 57.3; at 9 P. M., 80.2. Greatest, 94.7 on the 13th; least, 37.4 on the 23 There was no fog.

BOOK REVIEWS.

BRYANT'S POPULAR HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Vol. I. pp. 638, large octavo. Scribner, Armstrong & Co., New York: 1877.

This work has been called forth by the very evident want of a history of the United States intermediate between those prepared for schools and those which are too voluminous for general use; one which would combine an attractive style with a complete and authentic record of events. Perhaps no man in this country could have been selected who is better adapted to this work than the veteran writer and scholar, William Cullen Bryant. Having lived in and through the earlier days of our history, during the administrations of Jefferson, Adams and Jackson, and while Webster and Clay were leaders of American politics, and having published for a half century one of the leading metropolitan newspapers, he has necessarily been more or less intimately acquainted with most of the stirring events of the times, past as well as present, and is thus enabled to write with a confidence, freshness and accuracy unequalled by those historians who compile their facts from extraneous sources.

His coadjutor, Mr. Sidney Howard Gay, also an editor of long experiis noted for his knowledge of American history, elegant style and accuracy in details.

Between the two, it is not strange that an excellent and most readable history has been produced, adapted equally to the wants of the scholar and the tastes of the masses of readers. The volume now ready, is made up of the period extending from the first discovery of the Western Hemisphere to the establishment of the several colonies along the Atlantic coast and the beginning of their colonial career.

The chapters on Pre-historic Man, the Mound Builders, the Northmen in America, and the Pre-Columbian Voyages of Discovery, are extremely interesting, as well as novel and out of the usual course in historical works on the United States.

The illustrations, numbering some 320, are first-class, from the beautifully engraved portrait of Bryant himself, to that depicting the trial of Mrs. Hutchinson in Massachusetts (1657) for preaching strange doctrines in public.

The mechanical work is fully up to the standard of the well-known publishers, and will compare favorably with that of any other house in the country. The complete work will comprise four volumes. It is sold only by subscription, and Mr. A. Hart, the agent for this portion of the West, is meeting with satisfactory encouragement.

WORDS: THEIR USE AND ABUSE, by Professor William Matthews, L. L. D. Chicago: S. C. Griggs & Co.; 1877. pp. 384. Sold by Matt Foster. $2.00. Professor Matthews is one of those rare writers, who can in all instances combine the useful and the elegant in such proper proportions as to exactly

hit the popular fancy and taste. After publishing a half dozen volumes, all diverse in subject, yet alike in popular treatment, he remains in demand by the best readers, and his new work on Oratory and Orators will be sought for with as much avidity and read with as keen a relish as any of those that have preceded it.

The present work is devoted to the consideration of the significance, use and abuse of words under various headings, such as The Morality in Words, The Secret of Apt Words, The Fallacies in Words, The Common Improprieties of Speech, etc., etc., all of which are treated in an attractive and practical manner, well adapted to make a lasting impression upon the reader's mind.

His illustrations of the derivations of certain words and phrases are most copious and interesting-this chapter alone being well worth the price. of the book. Few politicians are aware that the term "caucus," so often used by them, is derived from Cawcawas, a council-board among the Checahamania Indians; not all teachers know and practice upon the knowledge that "education" is derived from educare and not from educere; few christians are aware that the Bacchanalian exclamation "hip, hip, hurrah!" is made up from the first letters of the words Hierosolyma est perdita! being originally a war-cry adopted by the stormers of a German town, in putting the vanquished Jews to the sword; and not many Londoners will be willing to give up the story of Whittington and his cat for one which converts the cat inte the French achat or acat, simply meaning trade or barter.

In some of these exercises the Doctor's derivations seem pretty far-fetched and the words capable of easier explanations. For instance he expends a page in tracing the expression of "apple-pie order" to its origin, and finally concludes that it is derived from chapel (printing office) pie order, which is either good order or disorder, as the case may be; when it would be quite as easy and equally plausible to attribute it to a slight misapplication and mispronunciation of the French "cap a pie." He also errs occasionally in the spelling of a word used as an illustration, as for instance, carryvan for caravan, megalosaurius for megalosaurus, but such things are very rare, and we conclude as we began, with saying that it is a most entertaining, useful and instructive work.

As is the case with all of S. C. Griggs & Co's publications, the typography, paper and binding are of the best quality.

THE PRICE CURRENT ANNUAL REVIEW; 1877. This is an exhaustive and comprehensive exhibit of the business of Kansas City for the year 1877; one which reflects equal credit upon the city and upon Messrs. Hasbrook & Simmons, who have devoted so much time and pains to its compilation.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE POUGHKEEPSIE SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Vol. I, Part I: 1875.

The Poughkeepsie Society of Natural Science was organized September, 1874, and this volume contains a selection from the various papers read bo