extended was fully three and a half inches long, and two lines in breadth. It was very flat with a deep groove down the middle and transversely striated. The intestines, &c., were very small and the worm was closely knotted and twisted together and intermingled with them.

(To be continued.)

ARTICLE XX.-Contributions to Meteorology: from observations taken at St. Martin, Isle Jesus, Canada East. By CHARLES SMALLWOOD, M.D., LL.D, Professor of Meteorology in the University of McGill College, Montreal.

The following observations extend over the year 1858: The Geographical co-ordinaries of the Observatory are Latitude 45°32′, North, and Longitude 73°36', West, from Greenwich. The cistern of the Barometer is 118 feet above the leved of the Sea, the Mean results are obtained from tri-daily observations taken at 6 am., 2 p.m., and 10 p.m., and the whole of the observations have been subjected to the usual corrections, depending on the constructions of the instruments and for temperature.

Barometic Pressure. The highest reading of the Barometer during the year, was at 10 p.m., on the 22nd of January, and indicated 30.697 inches. The lowest reading for the same period occured at 2 p.m., on the 21st of March, and was 29.021 inches, giving a yearly range of 1.676 inches. The greatest monthly range was in January, and this holds good for a series of years, with the exception of last year, 1857, when December indicated the greatest monthly range. June of the present year indicated the lowest monthly range, 0.660 inches, although July for a series of years has indicated the least monthly range. This year July exceeded by 0.014 the lowest range of June. The mean barometic pressure for the year was 29.829, which exceeds by 0.071 inches the mean of last year, and shows an increase in pressure of the atmosphere compared with a series of years. The mean height of the barometer for the month of January was 29.907 inches; for February, 29,809; for March, 29.804; for April, 29.757; for May, 29.751 inches; for June, 29.771 inches; for July, 29.759 inches; for August, 29.789 inches; for September, 29.830 inches; for October, 29.982 inches; for November, 29.779 inches; for December, 30.015 inches. The mean monthly range of the baro

From the Canadian Journal for July, 1859.

meter for the month of January was 1.627 inches; for February, 1.129 inches; for March, 1.340 inches; for April, 0.947 inches; for May, 1.039 inches for June, 0.660 inches; for July, 0.674 inches; for August, 0.714 inches; for September, 1.221 inches; for October, 1.032 inches; for November, 0.856 inches; and for December, 1.241 inches.

The greatest range within twenty-four hours, with a rising column, occurred on the 21st January, and was 0.730 inches; and the greatest range, with a falling column, was on the 10th of January, and indicated 0.903 inches. The most sudden variation, with a rising column, occured on the 18th of June, and from 3 p.m. to 3.20 p.m. (Twenty minutes) indicated a rise of 0.075 inches. The Symmetrical wave of November exhibited but little fluctuation, the final trough terminated at 6 a.m. on the 30th day.

Temperature of the Atmosphere.-The mean temperature for the year was 40°.04 Fahrenheit, which shows a decrease in temperature of 0°.53 compared with the temperature of 1857, and indicates 10.520 less than the mean temperature for a series of years. The lowest observed temperature was on the 13th of February, and indicated 30°.2 below zero. The highest temperature occured on the 7th of July, and was 99°.3. giving a yearly range or climatic difference of 129°8. February was the coldest February on record here, and indicated 14°05 colder than the mean of last February, 1857. The highest degree of temperature for the month was 39°.4, and the lowest 30°.2 below zero. The most sudden decrease of temperature occurred on the 18th of June, and indicated in twenty minutes a decrease of 17°.1; the thermometer standing at 3 p.m. at 93°8, and at 3.20 p.m. 76°.7 The mean temperature of the air for the month of January was 13°.76; for February, 7°.56; for March, 23°52; for April, 39°.06; for May, 63°.02; for June, 67°.21; for July, 66°.50; for August, 66°.12; for September, 59°.13; for October, 46°48; for November, 26°78; and for December, 12°.37. July which has for a series of years indicated the greatest mean temperature showed this year 0°.71 less than the mean temperature of June. This was owing to the low temperature accompanying the excessive rain of the month of July.

Humidity. The relative mean humidity of the atmosphere for the year (saturation being 1,000) was 0.778. July indicated 0.074 of moisture more than the mean of a series of years. The mean humidity for the month of January was .786; for February,

.703; for March, 789; for April, .717; for May, .764; for June, .756; for July, .818; for August, .818; for September, .804; for October, .792; for November, .809; and for December, .787. Complete saturation occurred in July, and is the only instance on record here of such an occurrence.

Rain fell on 111 days, amounting to 50,035 inches on the surface. It was raining 521 hours, 33 minutes, and was accom. panied by thunder and lightning on 20 days. This amount of rain exceeds by upwards of 7 inches the usual average amount compared with a series of years, and was owing to excessive rains in June and July.

A very heavy storm of rain occurred on the 10th of June, which lasted 28 hours and 48 minutes, ard amounted to 6.175 inches. There fell in one hour (from 5 to 6 p.m.) 0.933 inches, and from 6 p.m. to 7.28 p.m. the amount of 1.333 inches. The river surrounding this Island rose 8 inches in height.

Another storm of heavy rain set in at 3 a.m. on the 12th day of July, and ceased at 12.40 p.m. of the 13th, and indicated a depth of rain on the surface of 6.374 inches; it was acompanied by a N.E. by E. wind. The river in the neighbourhood rose nearly 2 feet in perpendicular height, and the amount of rain which fell during this month was 12.214 inches, and is the most rainy July on record. The amount of rain which fell in the month of August was less than the usual mean quantity for that month.

Snow fell on 46 days, amounting to 58.96 inches in depth; it was snowing 281 hours, 30 minutes; this amount shows a decrease equal to 36.80 inches compared with the mean amount of a series of years. February and December were the months which showed the greatest amount of snow. The first snow of the season fell on the 4th of November, and the last snow of spring fell on the 21st April.

Evaporation. The amount of evaporation from the surface of water, during the seven months which the observations are recorded (owing to the presence of frost) amounted to 18.730 inches, which is 1.515 inches less than the usual amount of last year. July indicated about 1 inch less than the usual amount; the amount of ice evaporated during the remaining months of the winter season showed about the usual average amount.

Wind. The most prevalent wind during the year was the N.E. by E. The next in frequency the W. by N., and the least

prevalent the S. The aggregate amount linear in miles run was 41,338.60 miles, which shows a decrease of 13,086.50 miles compared with last year, and a decrease of 11,723 03 miles compared with 1856. The yearly mean velocity was 4.613 miles per hour, which is 1.567 miles less than the mean annual velocity for 1857, The maximum velocity was 37.70 miles per hour. January was the most windy month, and September the calmest.

The greatest Intensity of the Sun's Rays was 117°, and the lowest point of terrestrial radiation, 31°.2 below zero.

The yearly amount of Dew was considerably below the usual mean amount compared with a series of

years.

There were 56 days perfectly cloudless, which is 25 more than the cloudless days of 1857. There were 118 nights suitable for astronomical purposes.

The Aurora Borealis was visible at observation hours on 39 nights. Lunar Haloes were seen on 4 nights. The Zodiacal Light was very bright in February, but since then has exhibited no special appearance. Parhelia were visible on 2 days.

The Eclipse of the Moon was visible on the 27th February. The Eclipse of the Sun was invisible on the 15th March owing to cloudy weather.

The winter of 1857-58 fairly set in on the 22nd December 1857.

Ozone. The amount of ozone during the year has shown an increase on the usual average. Observations are now being taken here, intended to shows the effects of the different coloured rays of light on the Ozoneometer, and also the effects of vegetation on the amount.

Atmospheric Electricity.-The tri-daily observations are still continued in this important branch of science, the amount indicated in frequency and tension is very near equal to the amount of last year, but is nevertheless rather below the usual average. The Romershausen apparatus seems pretty well adapted for the purpose of collecting atmospheric electricity, bnt is inferior to the large apparatus which is erected here, both as to collecting and retaining the electric charge.

The Song Sparrow (Fringilla Melodia) the harbinger of spring, first heard on the 10th March. Swallows (Hirundo Rufa) first seen the 15th April. Frogs (Rana) first heard the 15th April (this is about a week earlier than usual,) Shad (Alosa) first caught 29th May. Fire-flies (Lampyris Corusca) first seen the 18th of

June. Snow Birds (Plectrophanes Nivalis) first seen 26th October.

Crows did not winter here this year.

Wild Strawberries in flower Gooseberry in leaf 9th May.

27th May, and matured 26th June. Currant tree in leaf 21st May. Plum tree in blossom 26th May. Apple tree in leaf 3rd June.

The potatoe rot, which manifested itself but partially this year, commenced in this neighbourhood on the night of the 7th August. St. Martin, Isle Jesus, 21st March, 1859.

ARTICLE XXI.-The Oxford Museum.

By H. W. ACLAND,

M.D. and JOHN RUSKIN, M.A. (SMITH ELDER & Co.)

[From the Athenæum.]

THE University of Oxford has distinguished itself by a bold educational movement. Partly by external pressure, partly by internal pressure, partly by internal sympathetic force, "it has greatly advanced those pillars in the learned world which seemed immovable." In spite of the forebodings of many excellent persons who have a nervous dread of the unknown, the restorative effect of geology, chemistry, natural science, and languages less ancient than Greek and Latin, is beginning to be tried upon the constitution of the University. Oxford is changed for the better. The body for which Mr. Gladstone appears in Parliament is not that for which Sir Robert Inglis sat. The former gentleman does not represent the past so much as the present and the future. He is not the expression of Paleozoic Oxford—the Oxford of the insular self-existing period-but Oxford after the attrition of young and vigorous intellect-the Oxford of the later measures-demiurgic Oxford, within the compass of the telegraph and the railway, and distant only an hour and a half from the metropolis.

The time was in Oxford when to be conscious of German, or not to believe in the Ptolemaic system, was an offence against the Statues and against good manners. What undergraduate dared visit the libraries, though he was assessed for them, or ransack the MS. treasures of the Bodleian? Now and then an adventurous German lifted the veil of dust, and gained a brief sight of valuable long-buried Sanscrit or Syriac information. For what have not Germans dared? How have they not affrighted the Dii majores of primeval Oxford! Nolo hanc universitatem Germanizari, was the last famous denunciation of the old time-but like the last bard, that traditional Don has vanished. Few emblems of the