limestone which afford fossils, seem to pass into the pietra verdi by a gradual transition. He supposes, however, that the pietra verdi may still be pre-Paleozoic. Yet he offers no evidence to show that it is not merely older Paleozoic. He regards the question one requiring special study, and, in closing, expresses the hope that it may speedily be settled by new discoveries.

The limestone of Mt. Chaberton is stated to be probably equivalent with that of Montaldo Dora, of Lessola near Ivrea, of Rivara, and of Levone; it also occurs at Susa, at the Piccolo Moncenisio, at Seguret, along the French frontier between Frejus and Chaberton, at Balmas, at Rognosa, at Chinivert, and at other places.

The following number of the same Bulletin contains a paper by C. DE STEFANI, sustaining the ground that the serpentine beds of the Apuan Alps overlie the Middle and Lower Eocene; that those of several localities in Tuscany are between Cretaceous strata or Eocene; and that those of Elba, Gorgona, Gichio, Jano, and perhaps those of Montecristo and Cape Argentario, are older than the Lower Lias but newer than the Carboniferous.

2. Eozoon Canadense not organic.-This is the conclusion of Mr. Otto Hahn after geological and zoological investigations, an account of which is published in the Naturwissenchaftliche Jahreshefte for 1876 of Wurtemburg, and a translation in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for April. He says, "By my investigation it is established that there is no gigantic foraminifer in serpentine limestone;" "that the most essential characters of the foraminifera, the chambers and the test are not there, but that we have to do with pure rock-formations such as occur every where in serpentine;" that "there is no rock which is so certainly the result of metamorphism, and can be derived from so many minerals, as serpentine;" that he has investigated an immense number of serpentines and always found that they are products of metamorphism." One of the masses of Eozoon which Mr. Hahn examined was from Canada, and bore Dr. Carpenter's label.

3. Exploration of Lake Titicaca; A. AGASSIZ and S. W. GARMAN, (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 274).-The Paleozoic fossils collected by these authors about Lake Titicaca are described by Mr. O. A. Derby. Nine are Carboniferous and all but one, Euomphalus antiquus, are represented by the same or closely allied species in the United States and Brazil. No Subcarboniferous fossils were met with; but Devonian were found close along side of the Carboniferous at the island of Coati two or three miles from the Lake. The Carboniferous formation extends in a general northwestern direction, and the beds are tilted, often at a high angle. According to Mr. Orrego the formation extends as far north as Callyoma; Prof. J. Orton found, in the same line, Carboniferous fossils at the headwaters of the Amazonas (Pichis R.) and states that Prof. Raimondi, of Lima, has traced the rocks to a height of 14,000 feet, on the Apurimac, between the Pichis and the Cuzco valley.

4. Note "On the Youngest Huronian Rocks South of Lake Superior" by ROLAND IRVING.-In a paper with the above title published in the March number of this Journal, Mr. T. B. Brooks, by an accidental misquotation, makes me responsible for a rock composed of a strange medley of minerals. He says that I mention" these rocks as being coarsely crystalline aggregates chiefly of labradorite and orthoclase feldspar, hornblende and some variety of pyroxene."" e.'" I wrote, "Nearly all of them can, however, be included in two or three general kinds, labradorite, orthoclase felspar, hornblende and some variety of pyroxene seeming to be the chief ingredients." In this I meant to mention the main ingredients of the different kinds, not to say that all of these minerals occur in one rock. I am inclined, with my present knowledge, to follow Mr. Brooks in referring to the Huronian the belt of rocks in Northern Wisconsin, to which the above quotation alludes, as I followed him before in referring them to the Copper Series. I cannot agree with him in designating the rocks as "granitoid," as, so far as my knowledge goes, they are chiefly rocks of a low degree of silication consisting mainly of labradorite and pyroxene. The general run of the rock in the country occupied by this belt west of Bad River is a dark colored coarsely crystalline mixture of the above minerals, accompanied by hypersthene, magnetite and mica as accessories, as ascertained recently by Mr. Chas. E. Wright from a microscopic examination made by him for me. granitoid" rocks which Mr. Brooks has seen occur as patches among these dark colored diabases and allied rocks. In the former only have I noticed orthoclase and hornblende. University of Wisconsin, April 27th, 1876.

The 66

5. Gigantic fossil bird from the Eocene of New Mexico; Prof. COPE. (Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Philad., 1876.)-This bird was related both to the Cursores (Struthionidæ and Dinornis) and to Gastornis of the Paris basin. Its size was twice that of the ostrich. Prof. Cope names it Diatryma gigantea.

6. Richmond Infusorial Stratum.-Mr. Charles Stodder in a paper on the Richmond Infusorial stratum, first described by Professor W. B. Rogers in his Virginia Report of 1840, (this Journal, xlv, 313, 1843), states that Mr. R. B. Tolles examined the stratum as it is exposed in a ravine on the west side of Shockoe Hill, near Richmond, and obtained specimens at the depths, 5, 7, 10, 11, and 14 feet below the top of the bank, and and also from the north side 40 feet below the top, from a bed which was apparently a continuation of the 14-feet bed, the hill being higher on the north side. The lower layer contains 50 to 80 per cent of organic forms, the uppermost about 20 per cent. The species below this top layer vary but little; while in that they are partly different in species, and the frustules are less broken. * See paper "On the Age of the Copper-Bearing Rocks of Lake Superior, this Journal, July, 1874.

Pumpelly and Brooks, this Journal. vol. iii, 1872.

AM. JOUR. SCI.-THIRD SERIES, VOL. XI, No. 69.—JUNE, 1876.

The species of Diatoms peculiar to it are: Coscinodiscus perforatus, Aulacodiscus crux, Eupodiscus Rogersii, and Mastagonia actinoptychus. Mr. Stodder gives a list of the species afforded by the several beds.- Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xviii, 206, 1875.

7. Carboniferous Articulates.-Mr. S. H. Scudder has described (Canadian Naturalist, April, 1876) a fossil larve from a Carboniferous shale near Sydney, Cape Breton, which he refers to a genus near Libellula, and names provisionally Libellula Carbonaria; and also, accompanying it, part of a wing of a Cockroach, which he names Blattina sepulta.

Mr. Scudder has also published a supplement to his paper on Carboniferous Myriapods (noticed in this Journal, III, vi, 225) in the Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History for 1875, giving figures of the specimens there described.

Mr. H. Woodward has described a new fossil Scorpion, from the British Coal-measures, at Sandwell Park and Skegby Collieries, naming it Eoscorpius Anglicus; also a gigantic Orthopterous Insect, from Scotland, which he calls Lithomantis carbonarius.Q. J. Geol. Soc., xxxii, 57, 60, 1876.

8. Note on the Uinta and Wahsatch Ranges: A Correction.— In vol. III, chapter 7, of the reports of the United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel, in mentioning the Wahsatch and Uinta ranges, I stated that the date of their uplift was at the close of the Jurassic period. The chapter was written in 1869, after a brief visit to the two ranges and before the final determinations of horizons and fossils were effected. In 1870-'71-'72 a more careful examination revealed the fact that the more important uplift of these two ranges occurred at the close of the Cretaceous, and not at the close of the Jurassic period. The error had arisen from the extremely close resemblance of certain conglomerates of the lower Eocene with those of the lowest horizon of the Cretaceous. In the Uinta range it was in reality the Eocene conglomerates, and not those of the lower Cretaceous, which we had observed resting unconformably upon the upper shales of the Jurassic. Continued delay in the publication of the geological volumes of our series induces me now to make this correction. In the case of the Uinta there is clearly no non-conformity, from the lowest exposures of the Carboniferous to the highest Cretaceous horizon, while the lowest Eocene rests upon the Cretaceous with distinct non-conformity.

In the Wahsatch the evidence is far more complicated. While the post-Cretaceous disturbance clearly had its profound effect on the range, there are also many facts which confirm our belief that the close of the Jurassic also marked a period of orographical activity, as it did in the Sierra Nevada. CLARENCE KING.

9. The trilobite, Ceraurus pleurexanthemus, of Trenton Falls, New York.-Mr. C. D. WALCOTT has given an account of the mode of occurrence of this species and of the characters of the under surface of the dorsal shell, in vol. xi of the Annals of the

Lyceum of Natural History of New York, pp. 155 and 159. He states that the specimens in some layers of the limestone are very numerous: 326 entire specimens were counted in a space measuring 30 feet by 40; and, of these, all but 8 lay with the back downward, the position which exuvia of the concave form in Ceraurus would take. Their length varies from of an inch to 2 inches. The separated heads are found in immense numbers, and the surface of the rocks is sometimes nearly covered with them. 10. Glacial phenomena in Jefferson Co., New York.-According to T. G. B. Lloyd, (Q. J. Geol. Soc., xxxii, 76), the glacial scratches between Philadelphia on the southeast of Theresa and Redwood on the north, (distant ten miles), have a southwest direction, coinciding with the longer axis of most of the lakes between Theresa and Redwood, and with the general course of Indian River. The course is the same as that observed by Emmons near Watertown. Well characterized roches moutonnées, with their steepest side facing southwest, occur near Theresa. Mr. Lloyd also describes a pot-hole in the Laurentian granite which is 29 feet deep and 7 to 10 feet in diameter.

11. Origin of the Porphyry of Marblehead, Mass.-Mr. T. T. Bouvé, in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History for January 19, 1876 (xviii, 217), discusses the origin of the red porphyry and red felsyte rock of the vicinity of Marblehead, and proves it to be of metamorphic origin. The felsyte has long been known to contain disseminated grains or fragments of quartz. He states that in 1862 he observed that the felsyte, near Hingham, was in part pebbly and slaty, and graduated into a conglomerate, and had evidently been derived from the alteration of the conglomerate. His observations since have confirmed this conclusion. [A fine series of specimens was exhibited, illustrating the transitions.]

Mr. Bouvé stated further that he was disposed to include among the rocks having the same origin some, at least, of the underlying syenytes. The succession of rocks as given by others, is-(1) conglomerate; (2) compact feldspar or felsyte, gradually passing into porphyry; (3) porphyry, gradually passing into a rock between porphyry and syenyte; (4) syenyte; and this relation of the beds Mr. Bouvé observes, is itself probable evidence that the causes that led to the changes in the higher portions of the series affected all, though in varying degrees.

The reading of Mr. Bouvé's paper was followed by remarks by Mr. Hyatt, sustaining the view that had been presented respecting the origin of the porphyry. Among his facts he stated that at one point on the ocean side of Marblehead Neck, the variegated conglomerate is altered to compact light-colored felsyte in one direction, and in another to a true deeply colored porphyry, containing distinct crystals of feldspar; and that the included pebble may sometimes be traced until it becomes, without any change of form, a mere spot in the light felsyte matrix, the interior last losing its original characteristics.

12. Annual Report for 1874 of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories; F. V. HAYDEN, U. S. Geologist in charge. Conducted under the authority of the Secretary of the Interior. 8vo, with numerous illustrations (88 full paged) and maps. Washington, 1876.-During the year 1874, the explorations of the expedition, under the general charge of Dr. Hayden, were carried on in Colorado, with Denver as headquarters. In the introductory remarks--a letter to the Secretary of the Interior-Dr. Hayden states that the series of older metamorphic rocks, of probable Archæan age, have "alone afforded the precious metals and minerals of Colorado." The volume contains a Report by Dr. HAYDEN on the Lignitic series, the geology of the eastern base of the Front Range, glacial phenomena, and on the Elk Mountains (40 pages); a Report on the geology of the Northwestern portion of the Elk Range by W. H. HOLMES (14 pp.); Report on the features and geology of the valleys of the Eagle, Grand and Gunnison Rivers, and on the detailed features of the formations of the district by Dr. A. C. PEALE (106 pp.); Report on the Geology, etc., of the San Juan division by F. M. ENDLICH (62 pp.); valuable Reports by L. LESQUEREUX on the Tertiary flora of the Lignitic beds, and on the Cretaceous flora of North America, with descriptions of new species (94 pp. and eight plates); Report of W. H. JACKSON, on Ancient Ruins in Southwestern Colorado (13 pp.); besides also a short zoological report by E. INGERSOLL; Geographical and topographical Reports of HENRY GANNETT, S. B. LADD, A. D. WILSON, F. RHODA; also a Report on the superficial deposits of Nebraska, by S. AUGHEY.

No mention is made of Mr. James T. Gardner and his party, who had charge of the Topographical department of the Survey. Dr. Hayden, in his remarks on the Lignitic series, sustains the views stated in a notice of a paper of his on p. 148 of this volume. He observes that the formations which have been recognized along the eastern front in Colorado above the Archæan are the Silurian, Carboniferous, Triassic (?), Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary. The beds of the Lower Silurian occur along the Black Hills, Big Horn and Wind River Mountains, and near Colorado Springs and Cañon City, but none have been found by the survey for the 200 miles between Fort Laramie and Colorado Springs.

Dr. Peale's excellent report presents a large series of facts with reference to the various geological formations in his district from the Archæan to the Quaternary, and including the igneous rocks. On Eagle River, and between it and Grand Rivers, beds of sandstone and limestone variously colored, and in the upper parts gypsiferous, afforded the plants Calamites Suckovii, C. gigas, Stigmaria ficoides; and Lesquereux concludes, since C. gigas has not been found below the Permian, that the beds are probably Permian. From the lower part of the series, Dr. Hayden has reported species of Productus, Spirifer, and from the upper, an Orbicula. Dr. Peale calls the beds Permo-Carboniferous. Mr. Marvine observed the beds passing down into the Carboniferous.