Centennial Exposition, by J. W. BEAL: Contribution to the Flora of Iowa, by G. C. ARTHUR: Locust invasion of 1874, 156.-Monograph of the Geometric Moths, by A. S. PACKARD, 157.-Tabulate Corals: Rafinesque's Ichthyologia Ohiensis, D. S. JORDAN: Synopsis of American Wasps, by H. DE SAUSSURE: Ophiuridæ and Astrophytida, T. LYMAN: Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 158. Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.- Oceanic Circulation, Wm. B. CARPENTER, 159. --Reclamation: Men of Science, from abroad, at the U. S. International Exhibition, 161.-Connection of the Caspian and Black Seas: Geographical Survey of the State of N. Y., 162.-Appalachia: Am. Association for 1876: Physical Geography, by E. J. HOUSTON: Proceedings of the Poughkeepsie Society of Natural Science: Kansas Academy of Science, 163.-hkl, 164. Obituary-Porter Poinier, 164. NUMBER LXIX. - Page 190 192 ART. XXI.-Gases contained in Meteorites; by A. W. WRIGHT, 165 the Litchfield Observatory of Hamilton College; by C. SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. 204 210 210 Chemistry and Physics.-Thermic formation of Ozone, BERTHELOT, 212.-Hydrogen antimonide or Stibine: Compounds of Columbium aud Tantalum with Nitrogen and with Carbon, JOLY, 213.-New mode of effecting the substitution of Chlorine or Bromine in Organic Compounds, DAMOISEAU: Physical Isomerism, LAUBENHEIMER, 214.-Synthesis of Allantoin, GRIMAUX: High Pressure Manometer, M. L. CAILLETET, 215.-Waves on Lake Geneva, FOREL, 216.-Friction of the Ether, W. M. HICKS: Specitic Heat of Gases, M. M. KUNDT and WARBURG, 217. Geology and Mineralogy.-Geological Survey of Canada, A. R. C. SELWYN, 218.Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, F. V. HAYDEN. 219.Report of the Exploring Expedition from Santa Fe, New Mexico, J. N. MACOMB, 220.-Report of Explorations across the Great Basin of the Territory of Utah, J. H. SIMPSON: Fossil marine plants from the Coal measures, LESQUEREUX, 221. -Remarks on Fossils from the Ashley Phosphate Beds, LEIDY, 222.-Fish Remains of the Mesozoic Red Shales. LEIDY: Rhætic Strata of the Val di Ledro, in the Southern Tyrol, T. N. DALE, Jr.: Mammalia and Traces of Man found in the Robin-Hood Cave, W. BOYD DAWKINS, 223.-Evidences of Theriodonts in Permian Deposits elsewhere than in South Africa, R. OWEN, 224.-Silurian dioryte, chlorite, slate and serpentine in Newfoundland, 225.-Oldhamia in Wisconsin : Reef-building corals in the Tasmanian Tertiary: Carboniferous Pulmonates, 226. -Brachiopods of the Swedish Paradoxides beds of Sweden: Geological Survey of Brazil: Geological Map of Illinois: Report on the Chemical, Mineralogical and Microscopical characters of the Lavas of Vesuvius, S. HAUGHTON and E. HULL, 227. Crystallographic relations of the three types of Chondrodite, M. DESCLOIZEAUX, 229.-Die Mineralien Badens nach ihrem Vorkommen, G. LEONHARD, 230.-Studien über Mineral-Pseudomorphosen, F. E. GEINITZ: New Minerals, C. U. SHEPARD, 231. Botany and Zoology.-Structure and Movements of the Leaves of Dionea muscipula, CASIMIR DE CANDOLLE: Diatoms in Wheat-straw, 232.-An intoxicating Grass: Primitiæ Monographiæ Rosarum, M. CRÉPIN: Does the Age of a tree influence the time of leafing, 233.-Practical Botany, by A. KOHLER: Flora of Southwestern Colorado, T. S. BRANDEGEE, 234.-Darwiniana, A. GRAY, 235.— Note on Gigantic Cephalopods, A. E. VERRILL. 236.-Comparative Zoology, by J. ORTON, 237.-Geographical Variation among North American Mammals, J. A. ALLEN, 238.-Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro: Etudes sur les Echinoïdées, S. LOVEN: Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum: Natural History of Kerguelen Island, J. H. KIDDER, 239. Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Elements of Physical Manipulation, by E. C. PICKERING, 240.— Mechanical Theory of Heat, etc., by R. S. MCCULLOCH: Theory of Ventilation, FRANCOIS DE CHAUMONT, 241.-Ninth Annual Report of the Trustees of the Peabody Museum of American Archæology and Ethnology, 243.-Obituary.-Professor McCheeney: Edward Newman: Ehrenberg. NUMBER LXX. Page 245 251 ART. XXX.--On Cephalization; by J. D. DANA. Part V. Cephalization a fundamental principle in the Development of the System of Animal Life, XXXI.-Electro-magnetic Machine constructed at the Cornell University workshop; by Wм. A. ANTHONY, XXXII.-Sea-bottom Deposits observed during the Cruise of the Challenger; by JOHN MURRAY, XXXIII.-Gmelinite from Nova Scotia; by A. B. Howe, .. 270 XXXIV.-Occurrence of Durangite in the tin-bearing region of Durango, Mexico; by HENRY G. HANKS,.. XXXV.-Occurrence of Grahamite in the Huasteca, Mexico, and Notice of the Geology of that region; by JAMES P. KIMBALL, 255 274 277 XXXVI. "Geological Chart of the United States east of the SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. 291 Chemistry and Physics.-Estimation of Nitrogen in Potable Waters, FRANKLAND: Absorption of Nitrogen by Organic substances, BERTHELOT, 292.-Action of the Copper-zine Couple on Chlorates and Perchlorates, ECCLES: Supposed shifting of Atoms, DEMOLE: Crystallized Glycerine, VAN HAMEL ROOS, 293.-Lactic acid obtained from Inosite. VOHL: Synthesis of Polybasic Acids by the action of Carbon dioxide on Salicylic acid, OST: Freezing of Colloids, Prof. GUTHRIE, 294.— Explosion of Fire Damp, MALLARD: Velocity of Electricity, W. SIEMENS, 295.Polarization Currents, SCHILLER and CALLEY: Magnetic Induction, CHWOLSON: Constants of Nature, 296. Geology and Mineralogy.-Age of the Vertebrate Fauna of the Eocene of New Mexico, Prof. COPE, 297.-Geological position of the Serpentine Limestone of Northern New York, J. HALL, 298.-Geology of the Southern Counties of New York and adjacent parts of Pennsylvania, J. HALL, 300.-Erosion of Rocks, E. B. ANDREWS, 304.-Geology of the Eastern portion of the Uintah Mts., J. W. POWELL, 305.-Gigantic Bird from the Eocene of New Mexico, Prof. COPE, 306. -Fifth Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Indiana made during the year 1873, E. T. Cox, 307.-Fossil Plants of the Coal-measures of Terrera, in the Botany and Zoology.-Sensitive Stigmas as an aid to cross-fertilization of Flowers, W. J. BEAL, 308.-On the theory of Evolution, Prof. COPE, 309.-Mimicry in Butterflies explained by Natural Selection, S. H. SCUDDER, 311.-A Preliminary Note on Menopoma Alleghaniensis of Harlan, A. R. GROTE, 313.-The Entomolog- ical Section of the American Association, Buffalo, N. Y., Address of Dr. LECONTE, 314.-Manual of the Vertebrates of the Northern United States, D. S. JORDAN, 315.-The Five Senses of Man, J. BERNSTEIN, 316. Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Fall of a Meteorite in Kansas City, Missouri, in June, 1876, J. D. PARKER: American Association for the Advancement of Science, at Buffalo, N. Y., 316.-Geographical Distribution of Plants and Animals, C. PICKERING: Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, 320. NUMBER LXXI. Page ART. XXXVIII.-Observations on the Displacement of lines in the Solar Spectrum caused by the Sun's rotation; by XLI.-Address at the Glasgow Meeting of the British Asso- ciation; by ALFRED RUSSELL WALLACE, XLII.-Notice of new Tertiary Mammals; by O. C. MARSH, 401 Chemistry and Physics.-On the Pyrogenic Hydrocarbons in Coal Gas, BERTHELOT, 385.-Occurrence of Benzene in Rosin Oil, WATSON SMITH, 386.-On the Con- stitution of the Benzene Derivatives, WROBLEWSKY, 387.-On the Action of Malt-extract on Starch, O'SULLIVAN: Detection of Carbamic acid in Animal fluids, HOFMEISTER: Friction of Gases, M. WIEDEMANN, 388.-Effect of Sound on the Radiometer, M. JEANNEL, 389.-Fusion of Soft Bodies, M. PFAUNDLER : Friction of Gases, KUNDT: On the Electro-magnetic action of Electric Convec- Geology and Mineralogy.—Note on specimens of Metadiabase from Connecticut Lake, collected by G. W. Hawes, J. W. DAWSON: On Streams of Water beneath Glaciers, CHARLES KNIGHT: Quinto Apendice al reino mineral de Chili i de las Republicas vecinas publicado en la segundo edicion de la Mineralojia Botany.-Flora of British India, by J. D. HOOKER: Composite Indica descriptæ et secus Genera Benthamii ordinatæ, A. B. CLARKE: Proceedings of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science, 24th meeting, 1875, 397.— Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Prof. Huxley in New York: The Eighth Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries of Canada, 399.— Page 428 439 440 XLV.-Types of Orographic Structure; by J. W. POWELL, 414 XLVI.-On the Ethers of Uric Acid; by H. B. HILL, XLVII. Notice of a Meteorite, from Madison Co., N. C.; by B. S. BURTON,. XLVIII-On a Recent Discovery of Carboniferous Batrachians in Nova Scotia; by J. W. DAWSON, XLIX. On the association of crystals of Quartz and Calcite in parallel position, as observed on a specimen from the Yellowstone Park; by EDWARD S. DANA,.. L.-Principal Characters of the American Pterodactyls; by O. C. MARSH, 448 479 SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. Chemistry and Physics.-On the size of Hydrogen Atoms, ANNAHEIM: On the Astronomy.-Intra-Mercurial Planet, 472.-November Meteors, 473. ERRATA. On page 459, 20th line from foot, for Amherst, read Andover. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ARTS. [THIRD SERIES.] ART. I.-Contributions to Meteorology, being Results derived from an examination of the Observations of the United States Signal Service, and from other sources; by ELIAS LOOMIS, Professor of Natural Philosophy in Yale College. Fifth paper. With plates I and II. [Read before the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, April 19, 1876.] Low temperature of December, 1872. IN my second paper (this Jour., vol. ix, p. 8) I called attention to the unusually low temperature of the latter part of the month of December, 1872. At that time I had little information upon this subject except what could be derived from the daily weather maps, and these were unsatisfactory because the telegraphic reports had failed from a large number of the most. important stations. As the observations of the Signal Service have since been published in full, the phenomena of that period can now be discussed more satisfactorily. The temperature of December, 1872, in the United States, was not remarkably low until about the middle of the month. On the morning of December 16th the sky was overcast from Lake Michigan to Lake Ontario, and there were indications of the formation of an area of low barometer in that vicinity. At this time there was an area of high barometer central over Dakota, where the highest pressure was 30-51, and there was a cold area nearly concentric with it, the greatest depression being 25° below the mean temperature of December. By 4 P. M. an area of low barometer was developed which was central over Buffalo (bar. 29.77), accompanied by light snow and rain, and at 11 P. M. this area had reached the Atlantic coast. On the morning of the 17th the high pressure from Dakota AM. JOUR. SCI.-THIRD SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 67.-JULY, 1876. |