the upper one being secured to the frames, and the lower one resting on the axle boxes. A cab to protect the enginemen from the weather is placed over the foot plate, having plate glass sliding windows at sides and ends. The total weight of engine in working trim is 32tons 1lewt. The tender holds 2,000 gallons of water, and is carried on six wheels, 3ft. 7in. diameter. BOILER EXPLOSIONS. Defective material, bad workmanship, and bad management, are the great primary causes of exploDES ESPITE the long experience in steam boilers, sions. The best and strongest of boilers will explode there are very crude notions held as to the if improperly treated, and yet there are many men who have charge of boilers. The theory that ex-fitted with safety valves, steam and water gauges causes of explosions by the great majority of those who after furnishing a first-class boiler all properly plosions are invariably caused by a deficiency of water and cocks, think they have done all that is necessary has been pretty thoroughly exploded by many facts and to insure safety. There can be no greater mistake by tests and the experience of those instituting them. than to suppose that a good boilercan take care o reference to the wants and wishes of the people as fied translation of M. Cabane's specification, which itself. The "U.S. Railway Times" very properly or their carelessness. THE PATENT LAWS. When I spoke of a fan, or of any blowing apparatus whatever for introducing the air between the millstones, it is evidently understood that this fan or this apparatus may exactly fulfil the same object, whether it be so arranged as to blow in the air or so as to exhaust it. In fact, if in the one case as in the other the eye be closed from the interior of the millstone case so as that all communication between them should be entirely intercepted, it is evident that, if at the outlet of the latter there be placed a fan or pump, or any other exhausting apparatus, the outer air passing through the middle precipitate itself by way of the eye between the part of the millstone case round the feed pipe will the "Daily News":-Of late we have had to record which should lead me to a different conclusion from grinding surfaces of the millstones in the same the adoption and presentation of several memorials, that I then arrived at? So it has come to pass that manner as if it had been blown in so as to issue praying for the appointment of additional Commis-actions at law are rarely brought upon patents, and at the circumference with all the meal. sioners of Patents. It is said that three new that a single success in a Chancery suit comes to be fig. 1 of the subjoined plate 1, will make such an Commissioners ought to be entrusted with the duties nearly as valuable as an Act of Parliament, giving arrangement easy to be understood; the fan A, of supervising the patents granted in the several absolute validity to a patent; and it is not surprising which is represented in elevation, communicates departments of invention. We are told that an that patentees should offer to indemnify an engineer should attend to the patents for dis-opponent from all cost provided he would submit to by the tube B with the interior of the millstones coveries in mechanics; a chemist to those relating to having a perpetual injunction granted against him at the part whence the spouts or conduits C, which chemistry; a professor of natural science to those (nominally), with costs. I would, therefore, as you which concern the field of study to which he has have done, recommend the petitioners to seek their devoted special attention. These proposals may be remedy in Parliament, rather than by petition to the alike laudable and desirable. Indeed, few will Lord Chancellor.-I am, &c., contend that the constitution of the present board is either perfect or complete. The law officers of the Crown for the time being, along with the Master of the Rolls, are the Commissioners nominated in the Act of 1852. It is clear that a board thus composed LEX. afford outlet to the meal, branch off. Thus so as to give entrance to the outer air, and is closed The central part of the millstone case D is open, against the inner part of the millstone case by a species of collar E, of leather, or of any other LAUNCH OF THE GREAT FLOATING similar substance, so that the air introduced is DOCK FOR BERMUDA. forced to pass into the eye and to go between the is incompetent to the exercise of any functions B ETWEEN the signal failure to effect the launch fan be made to revolve in the proper direction, it two approaching surfaces. In consequence, if the which demand either previous knowledge or an exon Wednesday afternoon and the higher tide of will tend naturally to exhaust the air exactly as penditure of time. All the work of real importance to apply the power and adjuncts to start this great if a similar fan or any other blowing apparatus yesterday, strenuous efforts were made successfully must devolve upon the Master of the Rolls, because he is not subject to removal as often as the Ministry structure. A pair of hydraulic engines was fitted to were arranged so as to blow in the air by forcing is changed, or the Attorney or Solicitor General is act upon each of the eleven ways, and a large num-it to enter into the millstones, as I have reprepromoted to another post than that of Lord Chan- vided. Perfect success attended the efforts of the present it in the drawing on plate 2, whether the ber of breast shores to aid the start were also pro- sented in my former drawings, and as I again recellor. The latter is seldom long enough in office, firm and Mr. Barnaby, Admiralty overseer. The fan be intended to supply a single pair of millbecome thoroughly versed in the affairs of the Patent dock took the water with ease and safety, and was stones, or, on the contrary, to supply two, three, Office. Besides, this anomaly prevails, that the immediately towed down the river by sight Govern- or a larger number of millstones at once. invention may themselves be one day either counsel the water furnished conclusive evidence of the skill the examples which I have before given and now officials who sanction the grants of letters patent for ment tugs. The perpendicular seat of the dock upon It is important to well observe that in each of or judges in actions questioning the validity of those of Mr. Campbell, the patentee whose, firm has con-repeat, the eye of the running millstone is always grants. These arrangements are far too faulty to be capable of defence. But if changes are to be made, let them be thorough and above-board. It would be absurd to appoint new commissioners as the remedy for the shortcomings of the Patent Law. The addiN the above engraving we illustrate a method tion of new men to the board would not even palliate of ventilating millstones, which was invented defects which an Act of Parliament can alone remove by M. Cabanes, and patented by him in 1846. It by the introduction of fundamental and sweeping is interesting in connection with the numerous changes in the patent system. This is a matter of actions Mr. G. H. Bovill has instituted for infringenational concern, and should not be treated without ments of his patents. The description is a certi and when in office has seldom sufficient leisure to structed it. VENTILATING MILLSTONES. closed from communicating with the inside of the millstone case. This is a condition of the greatest importance, inasmuch as it allows of obtaining the whole benefit of the air exhausted or blown in by causing it all to pass between the millstones. Without this closing of the eye it is wholly impossible to obtain the benefits I have stated. Thus, let us suppose for an instant that the eye is open as in ordinary cases, then introduce air into the millstone case by any means, whether by which I applied in figs. 5 and 6. It is easy to screws K. The enclosing tube G, into which the the hot air, or the evaporation produced in the TO CORRESPONDENTS. THE MECHANICS' MAGAZINE is sent post-free to subscribers of £1 1s. 8d. yearly, or 10s. 10d. half-yearly payable in advance. All literary communications should be addressed to the Miscellanea. THE total expenses of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire railways and canals, including rents, tolls, duty, &c., from July 1 to August 23, 1868, amounted to £74,349, as against £81,167 for the corACCOUNTS have been received of an alarming shock responding period of 1867. The proportion of the of earthquake at Jaszbereny, in Hungary, on the South Junction receipts accruing to this company from July 1 to August 23 amounted to £6,115, as AN omnibus drawn by steam power, and contain-against £6,737 for the corresponding period of 1867, ing thirty-five persons, was successfully tried, a few and the expenses to £3,046, as against £2,990. To insure insertion in the following number, advertise-days back, on the road from the Boulevard Mazas to ments should reach the office not later than 5 o'clock on Thursday evening. Nogent-sur-Marne, by way of Vincennes. Editor of the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE. Letters relating to the advertising and publishing departments should be ad dressed to the publisher, Mr. R. Smiles, MECHANICS' MAGAZINE Office, 166, Fleet-street, London. 28th ult. IN consequence of the late inundation of the valley of the Arq, it is not expected that the postal service will be established over Mont Cenis until six weeks hence. LAST year 56,000,000 cigars were sold in France. The consumption of tobacco since 1852 has increased from 800,000 kilogrammes (nearly 800 tons) to 3,046,000 kilogrammes (about 3,046 tons). THE total number of people who visited the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens on the occasion of the anniversary of the late Prince Consort's birthday was 115,303. It is announced that great complaints having been made relative to the high charges exacted by the different railway companies in Austria, for goods in transit for England, France, and Germany, the Austrian Minister of the Board of Trade has determined to endeavour to obtain a modification of the present high tariff, and for this purpose has convened a meeting of all the managing directors of the various Austrian lines, the result of which will be shortly made public. J. W. S.-R. J. E.-W. H. L.-T. F. P.-J. S.-W. H. S.- and storage of petroleum. After February it is not match was held on Colonel Kingscote's farm at W. A. B.-J. I. S.-G. R. F. AMONG the recent acts was one as to the keeping Nabal, Military, and Gunnery Items. August 29, was 10,340. THE next examination for admission to the Royal Military College will commence on Wednesday, December 16, 1868, and that for admission to the Royal Military Academy on Monday, January 4, 1869, at Chelsea Hospital. FIFTY seamen, four warrant officers, one staff commander, two navigating sub-lieutenants, and one assistant-paymaster, have been selected from the "Fisgard to navigate the large iron dock from Silvertown to Bermuda, for the service of the North American and West India stations. MESSRS. RANDOLPH, ELDER, AND Co. have just launched from their shipbuilding yard at Govan the "Guinevere," a composite ship of 1,073 tons, builders' measurement, of the following dimensions:-Length over all, 217ft.; breadth, 34ft.; depth (moulded), 21ft. She is intended for the China trade, and, among other improvements, it is fitted with Skinner's vertical steering gear, which, we are glad to see, appears to be coming into general application. IN a few weeks the "Great Eastern" will leave the Mersey on another cable-laying expedition, having been chartered to the new Franco-American Telegraph Company. The big ship, which is now lying in the Mersey, is undergoing a complete overhaul, and preparations are being made on board for the construction of the cable tanks. The ship will, as a matter of course, be commanded by Sir James THE sum of £170,000 is to be placed in the next navy estimates, for the purpose of defraying the cost of constructing storehouses on the occasion of the conversion of Deptford Dockyard. The river side of the dockyard will be retained by the Admiralty for the storing and shipment of stores required for foreign stations, and the remainder of the dockyard will be handed over to the War Department, who will erect storehouses on it in connection with the military store department. The Royal Victualling Yard will remain as heretofore. THE method adopted to render ships of war built in private yards at a less cost than those built by the Government, has been exposed in the breaking up of the "Sepoy" at Devonport Dockyard. In opening this vessel it was found that the copper bolts were what are technically termed "dummies," that is, were of short lengths, scarcely holding the timbers together. In these there were about 9001b. of copper, instead of over two tons, which would have been their weight if of the proper length. A strict inquiry, it is said, will be made into this matter with a view to the exposure of the contractor's name and the punishment of the inspector who superintended, on the part of the public service, the building of the vessel. 1,374,739. GRANITE, notwithstanding its exceeding hardness, splits as straight and clean as a chestnut stick. At one of the granite quarries of Maine, recently, a block was split out which measured 100ft. long, 8ift. wide, and 5ft. thick. It weighed over 300 tons. SEVERAL large brewers are experimenting on the properties of strychnine, with a view of testing how far it is safe to use it in bitter ales. It is maintained that, used in infinitesimal quantities, it effects a great saving in hops, besides serving as an admirable tonic. IN boring an Artesian well at Chicago, a vein of water was found at the depth of 1,200ft. The direction of the flow was ascertained by lowering into the bore, by means of a fine wire, a long lead plummet. The weight would descend steadily until it reached the stream, when it would be suddenly jerked in the direction of the flow. THE number of visitors to the South Kensington Museum during the week ending August 29, 1868, was-On Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and SaturThursday, and Friday (admission 6d.), from 10 a.m. day, free, from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., 44,019; on till 6 p.m., 1,182; total-45,201. Average of corresponding week in former years, 15,093. Total from the opening of the Museum-7,723,877. THE first All England ploughing match of this season came off on Friday last, under the patronage The of the Kingscote Agricultural Association. Latterwood, and the day being fine a large company assembled to witness the proceedings, including many of the aristocracy of the neighbourhood. The Champion Prize was won by Messrs. Ransomes' man Barker, with one of their celebrated ploughs, against seven competitors, whilst the first prize in the boys' class was taken by one of Colonel Kingscote's own servants with one of the same implements. A EXPERIMENTS have just been made at La Spezzia, by order of the Italian Minister of Marine, to test the quality of a bed of coal recently discovered in the valley of the Taro by Colonel Leonard. comparison was made between this fuel and the best anthracite from Cardiff, on board the steamer Anthion, and the result, relative to the speed attained, was quite satisfactory. Coal extracted from the Taro pits was used to light the town of Spezzia, and no perceptible difference was found between the gas produced and that from the combustible usually em ployed. AT a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, THE Berlin correspondent of the "Daily News" BRAEMAR has been visited with a severe snow No escape of gas had been noticed, and yet at about ten o'clock FOR the last twenty years there has not been so few coal vessels in Belfast as at the present time. At the Queen's Quay, which is the coal-quay proper, there were only two vessels anchored on Saturday last, and at Prince's Quay there were only three vessels. The several coal-yards in town, are, however, well stocked, so that a coal famine need not be feared; and it is expected that a great many coal vessels will arrive in the early part of the week. THE monthly meeting of the Quekett Microscopical Club was held at University College on Friday evening, August 28th, Mr. Arthur E. Durham, F.L.S., president, in the chair. A paper was read by Mr. Martinelli on The tubules of crabshell." Among the numerous objects exhibited in the room were two species of young hippocampi or sea horses, the electric spark from induction coil with magnesium terminals, living and mounted specimens of mosquitoes and British guats, showing arrangement of lancets, wings, &c., the latter giving rise to an animated discussion. Eight members were elected. was as loud as that of a large piece of ordnance, and communicates the following facts:-A vessel sailed Patents for Juventions, ABRIDGED SPECIFICATIONS OF PATENTS. material, arranged within the box or frame, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. Second, lubricating the cartridges and projectiles in the box or holder substantially in the manner described.-Patent completed. 479 W. WOOTTON. Improvements in envelopes. February 12, 1868. Dated This invention has for its object the production of adhesive envelopes that cannot be opened by either steam or water without being so defaced as to show they had been tampered with. To prevent opening by stearn or water, the patentee applies to the under part of the lap of the envelope a thin coating of a composition of shellac, and spirit or naphtha, to which a small quantity of gum benzon may be added. The white or bleached shellac is preferred, as that renders the mixture as near as possiblethe colour of the mucilage which is next applied. This composition is superior for the purpose to other waterproofing compounds.-Patent completed. 471 H. S. BARRON. Improvements in double-action reciprocating pumps, by which the usual suction and delivery valves are dispensed with, and their functions performed by means of a sliding action of the barrel. Dated February 12, 1868. Here the inventor employs a piston, to which a determinate reciprocating action is given by any prime mover, and which works in a barrel having open ends, and furnished with a series of circumferential openings at a certain distance from either end. This barrel is also susceptible of a reciprocating action within another and THE Abridged Specifications of Patents given below are outer barrel, which it is made to fit accurately, and classified, according to the subject to which the respective eccentric with that portion on which the piston works; inventions refer, in the following table. By the system at either end of this outer barrel are two series of circumof classification adopted, the numerical and chronological ferential openings in communication with the suction order of the specificatious is preserved and combined with and delivery pipes respectively, and corresponding in all the advantages of a division into classes. It should be length with those already referred to in the said inner understood that these abridgments are prepared exclu- barrel. The action of the pump is as follows:-The piston sively for this Magazine from official copies supplied by being put in motion is made to come in contact with certhe Government, and are, therefore, the property of the tain projections provided on the inner barrel at a short Proprietors of this Magazine. Other papers are hereby distance from the end of its (the piston's) stroke. The warned not to produce them without an acknowledg-inner barrel is thereby caused to move with it. By this means the openings which were, during the preceding portion of the stroke, in communication with the delivery The object of this invention is more conveniently and openings of the outer barrel, become closed thereto, and economically than heretofore to produce from crude or open to the suction openings; as soon as this takes place, impure acetate of lime (such as is met with in commerce, or such as is obtained by the neutralization of impure the pressure which has hitherto acted on the annular surface at one end of the inner barrel, in conjunction with acetic acid), a commercially pure salt, and further to obtain For this the partial vacuum at the other end, is replaced by the from such salt a commercially pure acetic acid. partial vacuum of the suction. The inner barrel then purpose the patentee adds chloride of calcium to a solution slides without the piston's aid until the change of open-of crude or impure acetate of lime, and crystallizes out ings is completed. The piston immediately begins to from the mixed solutions an aceto-chloride of calcium, of recede, and this action is repeated at the other end of which the composition is Ca Cl, Ca (C4 H3 04) + 10 Aq, which is a salt having the property of freeing itself readily the working barrel.-Patent abandoned. from impurities in crystallizing. Also from this pure salt and distilling off the acetic acid from the mixture-Patent he obtains a pure acetic acid by adding to it a strong acid, completed. ment: BOILERS AND FURNACES-546 BUILDINGS AND BUILDING MATERIALS-485, 515, 525, 528, ments and machines-None. 481, 547 503, 507, 510, 517, 521, 523, 527, 536, 540 ROADS AND VEHICLES, including railway plant and carriages, saddlery, and harness, &c.-488, 495, 498, 509, 514, 516, 526, 537, 538 SHIPS AND BOATS, including their fittings-None. 467 W. E. NEWTON. An improved apparatus for saving life in cases of shipwreck. (A communication.) Dated February 11, 1868. This invention is not described apart from the drawings. -Patent completed. fatty matters, to boiling dye woods for extracting the colouring matters, and for various other similar purposes doned. 468 W. T. WOOLLEY. Improvements in locks or fastenings This apparatus consists of a tube of metal, hollow and 474 J. THORNTON and F. W. Voss. Improvements in port- This invention has for its object improvements in locks or fastenings for purses, pocket books, bags, and other articles, and relates to such description of locks or fastenings known as double-action locks, in which a spring bolt and another bolt acted upon by the key are employed, the spring bolt being hitherto unfastened by the finger nail acting upon the "pipe" of the lock, whereby, in addition to the inconvenience of the arrangement, the lock or fastening was frequently broke or injured by the key being left in the lock when the article to which it was applied was closed, and the hasp forced into the lock. Now, according to the present invention, the inventor connects the spring catch or bolt to a sliding plate or ornament on the outside of the lock, so that it can be 475 R. YOUNG. Improvements in apparatus for training, operated by the hand, whilst the pipe of the lock is a levelling, and dressing millstones. Dated February 12, 1868. fixture therein, and is altogether independent of the spring The patentee claims, first, the training, levelling, and catch or bolt. By these meaus, whether the key is left dressing of millstones by means of improved combinain the lock or not after unlocking, the spring catch may tions of apparatus, substantially as described. Second, be operated to connect or disconnect the lock with its the dressing of millstones by means of a diamond or suithasp without any injury occurring to the lock.-Patentable hard stone to which a simple rectilinear motion is imparted, and which is supported, adjusted, and guided the fixing of the diamond by adjusting it in a cavity with by improved apparatus, substantially as described. Third, a contracted outer orifice through which its cutting angle projects, substantially as described.-Patent completed. abandoned. 469 J. WENDEN and S. P. B. FUSSELL. An improved process for ornamenting glass. Dated February 11, 1868. The object of this invention is to produce a diaper, damask or other pattern on ground glass. In the improved process the inventors first grind the whole surface of the glass, and then lay on the pattern with varnish or other resisting medium in the ordinary way, but instead of eating away or etching in the pattern by strong acid, so as to produce a sunken surface of clear glass, or nearly 80, as is usually done, they dilute the acid with from ten to twenty times its own bulk of water (more or less), so that the acid, instead of eating away or etching down the surface of the glass, merely produces a stain upon the same. By these means they produce a diaper or pattern upon the glass with a perfectly level surface, and of a superior and more delicate appearance than the ordinary etched designs, and at the same time effect a very considerable economy in the cost of the hydrofluoric acid employed.-Patent abandoned. 470 S. C. LISTER. Improvements in looms for weaving cut pile fabrics. Dated February 11, 1868. This invention relates to that class of .loom in which 476 R. C. Ross. Certain improvements in mechanism or apparatus to be employed for cutting paper, pasteboard, textile fabrics, and similar substances or materials. Dated February 12, 1868. This invention is designed for the purpose of cutting paper, pasteboard, textile fabrics, or other similar materials, either by means of a circular revolving knife, or a laterally traversing knife having an inclined or angled cutting edge or surface. The improvements consist, first, in arranging or applying a circular cutter (or disc having a sharp cutting edge) on a shaft mounted in bearings, which shaft may be driven by hand or power, and the bearings may be fixed, and the cutter revolve in one position or movable direction, so that the disc cutter may travel or advance whilst revolving, and as the disc sharpeners arranged in the framing of the machine. rotates its sharpness is maintained by a pair of bones or Second, the improvements consist in the use of a knife or cutter having a lateral traverse, or, if desired, a lateral two pile fabrics are woven together face to face, and are reciprocating motion, and an inclined or angled cutting cut asunder by a knife which severs the pile between edge, which may be adjusted to any angle by slots and set them. Heretofore it has been proposed to cut the pile screws; or the knife may be double-edged, and the angles by means of a knife or blade which is moved to and fro right and left, so as to cut both in a forward and backward from side to side of the loom, and it has also been pro- movement; or two cutters may be used one above and the posed to sharpen such knife by causing it, near each end other below, to cut towards the centre of the thickness of of its to and fro movement, to rub against stones or grind- the paper. The material to be cut is secured by clamp or ing surfaces. According to this invention, the patentee otherwise on a table or bed, and which may either be employs revolving, grinding, or polishing surfaces to act on the knife whilst it remains at rest at one end, or it stationary, or may move laterally, instead of the cutters moving. The inventor also applies a small stationary might be at both ends, of its stroke. He employs one knife or knives to the framing of the machine towards revolving grinding surface to act on the under surface of which the cut is made, so that the large cutter shall act the knife, and the other on its upper surface, and by pre-against it and ensure the corner or last edge being cut ference he places both revolving surfaces at the same side of the loom, and supports the axes which carry such resmoothly.-Patent completed. volving surfaces in a frame which can be alternately raised and lowered, so as first to bring one revolving surface against one side of the cutting edge, and then the other revolving surface against the other side of the edge; This invention is not described apart from the drawings. the revolving surfaces are not brought into contact with-Patent abandoned. the knife until the knife is at rest. The raising and lowering of the frame carrying the axes of the revolving surfaces may be effected by a lever acted on by a cam wheel, or otherwise,-Patent completed. 477 W. G. C. HUDSON. Improvements in revolving stands for culinary purposes. (A communication.) Dated February 12, 1868. 478 S. B. TUCKER. Improvements in cartridge boxes or holders. (A communication.) Dated February 12, 1868. The patentee claims, first, constructing cartridge boxes or holders with portions of india-rubber, or other elastic 482 J. TOWLE. Improvements in the arrangement of sewers and drains for the collection and distribution of sewage matters. Dated February 12, 1868. Here the inventor proposes to carry off the storm waters of towns by means of a separate small barrel drain, or pipes of suitable material and size, according to circumstances, laid under the present rain-water gutters, close to the kerb of the foot path, one on each side of the way, except the street be a narrow one. These drains are to be laid as shallow as possible, so as to be safe from injury by carriage wheels, and for the obtaining of one uniform fall.-Patent abandoned. 483 S. SEVILLE. Certain improvements in machinery or apparatus to be employed for sizeing and balling yarns and threads. Dated February 13, 1868. This invention consists in combining or applying to the delivery end of such machines as "tape legs," "slashers," or other suitable apparatus used for sizeing yarns, a peculiar construction of balling machines, so as to constitute a sizeing and balling machine combined to accomplish both objects at one continuous operation.-Patent completed. 484 W. G. H. TAUNTON. Improvements in the construction of pumps, and in mechanism employed in working the same. Dated February 13, 1868. This invention is carried out as follows:-Within the head of the pump, which can be cast in one piece, or otherwise constructed, as desired, the inventor forms an annular space closed at the bottom, and causes to reciprocate vertically therein the free end of a hollow cylindrical bucket to which the spear rod or rods is or are attached. The said hollow cylindrical bucket is fitted with a valve on its closed or upper end, which is free to open outwards, and is provided with a packing ring or packing rings to bear against one or both of the metal surfaces of the annular space. The passage or way through which the liquid is lifted is encircled by the said annular space, and the bottom box" is lifted on or near the top of the said against the internal surfaces of the pump to a minimum, passage or way. To reduce the friction of the water he carries the suction pipe upwards in a straight line into the said passage or way. Pumps now in use can be altered and adjusted in accordance with this invention by fitting within the working barrels thereof a hollow cylindrical or tapering piece with the bottom valve therein, and securing a hollow cylindrical bucket, packed preferablyon its outer surface, to the ordinary spear rod.-Patent abandoned. 485 R. GEORGE. Improvements in gas stoves for heating and ventilating. Dated February 13, 1868. This invention relates to improved arrangements in the mode of admitting air to. and in carrying off the products of combustion from, gas stoves, and also in the arrangement and construction of such stoves for heating and ventilating apartments or buildings. For this purpose the patentee prefers to construct the chamber or body of a stove of thin sheet metal, access being had to the burner to exclude the atmosphere from entering the stove, except or burners by means of a door which can be closed so as through the air supply pipe. The air for supporting combustion enters the lower part of the stove by means of a pipe in communication with a chimney flue or pipe, which is also connected by a pipe with the upper part of the stove to carry off the products of combustion. The combined inlet and outlet pipe may be so arranged as to transmit heat to the part of the apartment or building through which it is conducted. Diaphrams are by preference arranged in the upper and lower ends of the stove to distribute the air and products of combustion within the chamber. The door or other part of the body of the stove may be arranged to transmit light through glass or mica panels, if desired.-Patent completed. 486 F. GRENIER. An improved kneading apparatus. Dated February 13, 1868. This invention consists in the employment in the construction of the improved kneading apparatus of a wooden tub turning on a vertical axis; in the centre of this tub is a kind of nave or boss, leaving an annular space in the tub, its section being that of a trapeze. Between the inside surface of the tub and the nave, and at equal distances apart, are placed two vertical shafts, giving motion to two sets of blades or beaters; the first set, which is of a helical form, serves to raise the dough; the second set, which is formed of straight or oblique blades, is to mix the |