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Taking the high-pressure steam boiler the older invention-first, our readers, on referring to our engravings, will find it to be a combination of two systems of boiler construction, the upper portion being on the tubular, and the lower on the Cornish principle. Fig. 1 of the engraving is a transverse section, fig. 2 a longitudinal section, and fig. 3 a front view of this compound boiler. The lower boiler may be fitted with either one or two fireboxes, the upper boiler being fitted with tubes, and both boilers being connected by two necks of large diameter, and flanged round their edges, by which they can either be riveted or bolted to the boilers. As each boiler is complete in itself, and of small diameter, they will be found very convenient for shipment and transit. It will be seen that great facilities are obtained in this boiler for thoroughly cleaning the incrustation from the tubes and the tube plate. From the large diameter of the two connecting necks there is ample room for a man to sit or stand on the tops of the furnaces in the lower boiler, and thereby to thoroughly clean both tubes and tube plates. The absence of these facilities for cleaning in the ordinary tubular boiler causes the tubes to burn out very fast, also the tube plate to crack from hole to hole. These boilers recommend themselves for their great strength and simplicity in construction, economy in consumption of fuel, and the small space required for their erection, a boiler

shown at fig. 1, fig. 2 being used as a bridge. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of fig. 3; fig. 5 is a section through the steam dome in fig. 4; fig. 6 shows a section at A B in fig. 4; fig. 7 shows a boiler fitted with the generators as shown at fig. 2, fig. 8 being a similar view.

These circulating generators are welded up in one piece, and are entirely free from rivets, which permits what little cleaning they may require to be done very readily. The method of fixing these generators in the tubes of Cornish boilers is by cutting a top and bottom hole about 6in. diameter; the ends of the generators are then inserted and expanded in the same way as are locomotive tubes. These generators can be readily applied to any Cornish boiler now in use, without the necessity of taking the tubes out of the boiler, and any one of the generators can be readily taken out and refixed in case of repair being required, as there are no flanges nor rivets to contend with. On the whole, we think Mr. Kendrick's boilers possess features of novelty and great utility, which must bring them largely into use.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. PREMIUMS, SESSION 1867-68.

of 60-horse power being only 11ft. long by 6ft. I have awarded the following ironingin for HE Council of the Institution of Civil Engineers papers read during the session 1867-68.

diameter.

1. A Telford Medal, and a Telford Premium, in books, to George Higgin, M. Inst. C.E., for his paper "Irrigation in Spain, chiefly in reference to Construction of the Henares and the Esla Canals in that country."

3. A Telford Medal, and a Telford Premium, in books, to Lieut.-Colonel Peter Pierce Lyons O'Connell, R.E., Assoc. Inst. C.E., for his paper "On the Relation of the Fresh Water Floods of Rivers to the Areas and Physical Features of their Basins."

The engraving beneath the one we have just described represents Mr. Kendrick's improvements in the Cornish boiler. Fig. 1 shows one of Mr. Kendrick's circulating generators, which are made of a semicircular or half-moon shape, to suit the tubes in which they are to be placed. The gene-books, to Christer Peter Sandberg, Assoc. Inst. C.E., 2. A Telford Medal, and a Telford Premium, in rators are fitted to the tubes in positions so as to for his paper "On the Manufacture and Wear of cause the flame to travel in a serpentine or up and Rails." down and from side to side direction, thereby causing the products of combustion to impinge upon the whole surface of the tube as well as upon the generators. Fig. 2 shows another form of these circulating generators, also another arrangenient of placing them in the tubes. It will be seen that these generators present a large amount of surface to the heated gases, as well as causing the flame to have great effect on the present surfaces. There is also a rapid circulation of water through them, which, consequently, keeps them very clean, and they will be found greatly to economize the consumption of fuel, and will also strengthen the tubes of the present Cornish boilers. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of a boiler fitted with the generators

4. A Telford Medal, and a Telford Premium, in books, to William Wilson, M. Inst. C.E., for his Description of the Victoria Bridge, on the line of the Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway."

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5. A Telford Medal, and a Telford Premium, in books, to Charles Douglas Fox, M. Inst. C.E., for his paper "On New Railways at Battersea; with the Widening of the Victoria Bridge and Approaches to the Victoria Station."

6. A Telford Medal, and a Telford Premium, in books, to John Wolfe Barry, M. Inst. C.E., for his

paper On the City Terminus Extension of the Charing Cross Railway."

7. A Watt Medal to Edwin Clark, M. Inst. C.E.. for his paper "On Engineering Philosophy: the Durability of Materials.'

8. A Telford Medal to William Jarvis McAlpine, Power of Piles; and on the Pneumatic Process M. Inst. C.E., for his paper "On the Supporting for Sinking Iron Columns, as practised in America.”

9. A Telford Premium, in books, to Thomas Login, M. Inst. C.E., for his paper "On the Benefits of Irrigation in India; and on the Proper Construction of Irrigating Canals."

10. A Telford Premium, in books, to Allan Wilson, M. Inst. C.E., for his paper "On Irrigation in India." Airy, Assoc. Inst. C.E., for his paper "On the 11. A Telford Premium, in books, to Wilfrid Experimental Determination of the Strains on the Suspension Ties of a Bowstring Girder."

Cassels Howden, Assoc. Inst. C.E., for his paper 12. The Manby Premium, in books, to Andrew "On Floods in the Nerbudda Valley; with Remarks on Monsoon Floods in India generally."

The Council of the Institution invite communications on the subjects comprised in the following list, as well as upon others; such as, first, authentic details of the progress of any work in civil engineering, as far as absolutely executed (Smeaton's account of the Eddystone Lighthouse may be taken as an example); second, descriptions of engines and machines of various kinds; or, third, practical essays on subjects connected with engineering, as, for innications, the Council will be prepared to award the stance, metallurgy. For approved original commu

premiums arising out of special funds devoted for the purpose.

1. On the present State of Knowledge as to the Strength of Materials.

2. On Steam Cranes, and on the Application of Steam Power in the execution of Public Works. Metal and Timber Arches. 3. On the Theory and Details of Construction of

4. On Land-slips, with the best means of preventing, or arresting them, with examples.

5. On the Principles to be observed in Laying-out lines of Railway through mountainous countries, with examples of their application in the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Indian Ghats, the Rocky Mountains of America, and similar cases.

6. On Railway Ferries, or the Transmission of Railway Trains entire across Rivers, Estuaries, &c. 7. On the Systems of Fixed Signals at present in use on Railways.

Engine, designed with a view to cheapness of con8. Description of a Modern English Locomotive struction, durability, and facility of repair. 9. On the leading points of difference between the

* Has previously received a Telford Medal.

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Engines and Carriages in use on Railways in the United States and in Great Britain, and the reasons for any peculiarities in the American practice, with 10. On the most suitable Materials for, and the best Mode of Formation of, the Surfaces of the Streets of large Towns.

details of the cost of maintenance.

11. On the Construction of Catch-water Reservoirs in Mountain Districts, for the Supply of Towns, for Irrigation, or for manufacturing purposes.

12. Accounts of existing Water Works; including the source of supply, a description of the different modes of collecting, filtering, the distribution throughout the streets of Towns, and the general practical

results.

13. On Pumping Machinery, for raising water, both for high and low lifts. 14. On the Drainage of Towns, and the ultimate disposal of town refuse.

15. On the Employment of Steam Power in Agri

culture.

16. On the Ventilation and Warming of Public Buildings.

17. On the Design and Construction of Gas Works, with a view to the Manufacture of Gas of high illuminating power; and on the most economical system of Distribution of Gas, and the best modes of Illumi

nation in Streets and Buildings.

21. On the different systems of Swing, Lifting, and other opening Bridges, with existing examples. 22. On the Measure of Resistance to Bodies passing through Water at High Velocities. 23. On the results of the best modern practice in Ocean Steam Navigation, having regard particularly to economy of working expenses, by superheating. surface condensing, great expansion, high pressure, &c.; and on the "life" and cost of maintenance of Merchant Steam Ships.

out of seventeen persons from the Government rate statement, financial and statistical, presented lighter "Devon," which was wrecked on the Bris- by the secretary. From this document it appeared son's Rocks. The rescued man was seen on the that the Association now numbers 104 ordinary and rocks at the dawn of the day, and the service per- 59 honorary members. The total funds in hand remarkable that he bears the same name-George considerable advancement since last year, and, in formed in his rescue was a most gallant one. It is amount to £1,391 0s. 8d. These figures indicate Davis-as the late husband of the donor of the fact, the Institution was shown to be in a highly lifeboat to the Institution. Rewards amounting to prosperous condition. In the course of the evening, £253 were voted to the crews of lifeboats of the two honorary members, Mr. Archibald Thomson, Institution for various services during the heavy superintending engineer of the Bombay and Bengal storms of the past month. The Blackpool lifeboat Steam Ship Company, and Mr. W. Marchant, of the saved twelve men from the schooner "Theodorus," firm of Atchley & Co., engineering publishers, were from Liverpool. The lifeboat at Broughty Ferry elected. Mr. Chapman, of Henley's Submarine rescued nine men from the barque "Betty and Telegraph Works, and Mr. G. Cutler, of Messrs. Louise," of Hamburgh. The Great Yarmouth Benbow's Iron Foundry, were also elected as ordilifeboat brought ashore the crew of the "Francis," nary members. The sitting closed at a late hour.

boat

TOOTH'S SYSTEM OF BOILING SUGAR.

HE "Produce Markets Review" says:-"In an

The most notable

The eva

of Shields. The Silloth lifeboat saved one man from the smack "Rover," of Annan. The Lytham lifeboat had brought ashore three men from the schooner "Theodorus," and subsequently assisted in bringing the vessel safely into harbour. The ordinary vacuum pan, the top of the liquid lifeboats of the Society at Stromness, Anstruther, alone forms the evaporating surface, and evaporation Padstow, and Porthdinllaen assisted in bringing the would, of course, be more rapid were a greater porfollowing distressed vessels and their crews into tion of the liquid exposed. port:-Schooner "Victor," of Grimsby, 5; fishing-feature of Mr. Tooth's invention consists in pump18. Critical Observations on Estuary Tides. "Active," of Cellardyke, 4; steamer ing the juice down from the top of the vacuum pan, 19. On the Construction of Tidal, or other Dams, "Augusta," of Bristol, 13; and the flat "William," at the moment of granulation, through a rose. The in a constant or variable depth of water; and on of Carnarvon, 2. The lifeboats of the Society at juice is thus distributed in small streams through the use of wrought iron in their construction. Ilfracombe, Kingstown, Rye, Winchelsea, Chap- the air contained in the evaporating vacuum cham20. On the Arrangement and Construction of Float-man's Pool, Port Logan, Peterhead, Dungeness, ber, and the surface exposed, as compared with the ing Landing Stages, for passenger and other traffic, Tynemouth, Whitehaven, Hasborough, St. An- old system, is said to be as 1,000 to 50. with existing examples. drew's, Porthcawl, and Girvan also rendered vari-porating chamber differs from the old vacuum pans ous services during the storms of the past month. with the ordinary round pan at the top and bottom. in shape, being, to speak roughly, a long cylinder, saving of 639 lives and 16 vessels. The silver is pumped up through a number of pipes surrounded Altogether, the Institution had contributed to the The juice, before reaching the evaporating chamber, medal of the Institution was voted to Viscount by steam in cylinder. The following advantages Bury, P.C., and to Charles Pride, a coastguard- are stated by the inventor to be secured by this proman, and £1, in addition, to the latter, in acknow- cess:-1. The juice is protected from excessive and ledgment of their gallant services in putting off long-continued heat. Long exposure to the injurious in a small boat and saving, after much difficulty, influence of the atmosphere is avoided. 3. Great one of the crew of the fishing-boat "Alarm," rapidity in carrying on the evaporation is secured. which had capsized on Christchurch Bar on 4. The juice is transferred to the vacuum pan (or October 6. The silver medal of the Society was evaporating chamber) immediately after defecation also granted to Edmund Gray, Esq., son of Sir 5. Any extent of heating and evaporating surface is and filtration, avoiding the necessity of open pans. swimming out in a very heavy sea, and bringing lessened. 7. Vacuum pans now in use may be made John Gray, M.P., and £2 to John Freeny, for easily obtained. 6. The cost of fuel is greatly a line on shore and otherwise assisting to save the available for the improved system at a comparatively crew of five men of the schooner "Blue Vein," small cost. 8. The finest sugar is produced without of Portmadoc, which during a strong E.S.E. gale the expense of animal charcoal, and the crystallizastranded opposite Ballybrack railway station on tion being perfect there is no loss by drainage. 9. September 25. Various other rewards were also There is no formation of molasses beyond that granted to the crews of different shoreboats for naturally existing in the juice, as the temperature never need exceed 140deg. to 160deg. Fahr. The system is also useful in beetroot sugar manugranulated sugar passes, is remedied. The idea of clogging of the rose, through which the partly factories. There is an arrangement by which the exposing a greater surface to evaporation seems to us excellent in theory, but it belongs, of course, to practical men to say if it will work. Mr. Tooth has another patent to compete with Mr. Fryer's boncretor, for rapid and cheap evaporation. This consists in passing the partially granulated juice through a rose, and letting it drop down through a long cylinder or tower filled with heated air. tentee states that the juice reaches the bottom in the shape of sugar."

24. On Ships of War, with regard to their Armour, Ordnance, Mode of Propulsion and Machinery. 25. On the measures to be adopted for protecting Iron Ships from Corrosion.

26. On Coal Mining in Deep Workings, including machinery for dispensing with gunpowder "getting" coal.

in

27. On the present systems of Smelting Iron Ores, of the conversion of cast iron into the malleable state, and of the manufacture of iron generally, comprising the distribution and arrangement of Iron

Works.

28. On Machinery for Rolling heavy Rails, Shafts, and Bars of large sectional area, and for forging heavy masses of metal.

29. On Steel, and its present position as regards production and application. 30. On the Safe Working Strength of Iron and Steel, including the Results of Experiments on the Elastic Limit of long bars of Iron, and on the Rate of Decay by Rusting, &c., and under prolonged strains. 31. On Machinery for Washing Lead Ores. 32. On the present state of Submarine Telegraphy, and on the Transmission of Electrical Signals through

Submarine Cables.

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The Council will be glad to receive, for the purpose of forming an Appendix to the minutes of proceedings, the details and results of any experiments or observations, on subjects connected with engineering science or practice.

The Council will not consider themselves bound to award any premium, should the communication not be adequate of merit, but they will award more than one premium, should there be several communications on the same subject deserving this mark of distinction. It is to be understood that, in awarding the premiums, no distinction will be made, whether the communication has been received from a member, or an associate of the Institution, or from any other person, whether a native, or a foreigner. The communications must be forwarded, on or before February 1, 1869, to the house of the Institution, No. 25, Great George Street, Westminster, S. W., where any further information may be obtained from Mr. Charles Manby, the Honorary Secretary, and Mr. James Forrest, the Secretary of the Institution.

THE LATE STORMS.

saving life from shipwrecks on our coasts. Their
Royal Highnesses the Prince and the Princess of
K.C.B., most kindly consented to become the
Wales had, through General Sir Wm. Knollys,
patrons of a grand bazaar that was to be given at
Exeter during Easter next, in aid of the support of
the lifeboats of the Society on the coasts of Devon
and Cornwall. Admiral the Earl of Carysfort had
sent the Institution a second donation of £100;
and the workpeople in the employ of Mrs. R.
Aaron, of Birmingham, had forwarded an additional
contribution of five guineas to the Society. The late
Mr. C. W. Jones, of Norwich, had left the Institution
wards of £2,100 were ordered to be made on vari-
a legacy of £200. Payments amounting to up-
ous lifeboat establishments. Thomas Gray, Esq.,
the Assistant Marine Secretary of the Board of
Trade, had presented to the Society a beautiful
song, set to music, entitled the "Lifeboat's Crew,"
which was to be published, with the music, in the
next number of the little quarterly journal of the
Institution. It was decided to send a new lifeboat
to Fraserburgh in place of a boat at present on
that station, which had become unfit for service.
The thanks of the Institution inscribed on vellum
were ordered to be given to Mr. G. C. Begbie, the
public accountant, in acknowledgment of his long
and valuable services in his capacity of auditor of
the Society during the past sixteen years. A life-
boat was ordered to be stationed at Kimmeridge,
on the coast of Dorset. Reports were read from
the inspector and assistant-inspector of lifeboats to
the Institution on their recent visits to various
lifeboat stations on the coast. The proceedings

ESTERDAY week, a meeting of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution was held at its then terminated. We may add that contributions house, John-street, Adelphi, London, Mr. Thomas boat Society will be thankfully received by all the Chapman, F.R.S., V.P., in the chair. Mr. Richard bankers in the United Kingdom, and by Richard Lewis, the secretary, having read the minutes of the previous meeting, the silver medal of the In-Lewis, Esq., the Secretary of the Institution, at its house, John-street, Adelphi, London.

stitution and £1 each were voted to Mr. Matthew Nicholas, coxswain of the Sennen Cove (Land's End) lifeboat, and to Mr. S. Morrison, officer of coastguard at that station, and a reward of £12 to the crew of the lifeboat for going off on the 23rd

LONDON ASSOCIATION OF FOREMEN
ENGINEERS.

the monthly meeting on Saturday, the 7th
inst., there was a full attendance of members.
Mr. J. Newton, of the Mint, presided, and the main
business consisted in the consideration of an elabo-

ult., during a gale and in a heavy sea, and saving. A
in conjunction with the rocket apparatus, which
was fired from the lifeboat by Mr. Morrison, one

10.

The pa

MONUMENT TO THE LATE ADMIRAL

SIR CHARLES NAPIER.

:

Tment, which fills one of the niches in St. Paul's HE ceremony of unveiling this relief monuCathedral, near the north entrance, took place on Friday afternoon. Amongst the company present were the following distinguished gentlemen:Major-General Napier, C.B., Major-General W. Napier, Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, G.C.B., Colonel Hamley, C.B., Captain W. Napier, Captain W. Morris, R.N., Captain Ingledue, Captain Norton Taylor, &c. The expense of this monument was defrayed by a few friends and companions in arms of the late admiral. It is in white marble. In the centre is the head in bold relief, surrounded by a wreath of laurel and oak, and upon two flags are inscribed the names of most of his battles; in the back ground is the ship "Wellington," gun boats, and fortress blown up; beneath is the simple inscription, Charles Napier, M.P., Admiral, Count Napier St. Vincent, born 1786, died 1860." The work was designed by George G. Adams, sculptor, who has now five monuments in the cathedral, two being colossal statues to the admiral's cousins, Generals Sir Charles J. and Sir William Napier.

a

THE details furnished of the damages done in Natal Bay by the late flood prove the losses, although severe, not to be so great as anticipated. Prompt measures are being taken to repair the public works.

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ADDIS'S IRON PERMANENT WAY.

Tvery properly to substitute iron for wood, the and the number of salt generators employed, each containing

HE general tendency of railway engineers is wherever possible, in the permanent way of railways. An iron permanent way properly worked out will be found to prove the most efficient and durable of any system. The most recent example we have in this direction has just reached us from India, having been forwarded to us by the patentee and inventor, Mr. W. J. Addis, executive engineer to the Local Fund Works, Bombay. This system is shown in the annexed engraving, in which fig. 1 is a cross section of a portion of the permanent way, A is an ordinary single-headed rail, which is supported on sleepers B formed of plates of iron or steel rolled in the shape to the desired form, so that when brought together and riveted by bolts and nuts C, or by other suitable means, they assume the sectional form of a triangle, the sides of which are hollow or concave, as shown. The rail is embraced by the jaws formed at the upper angles of the sleepers and are thus firmly secured by the bolts and nuts passing through the jaws, and through holes formed in the web of the rail. The sleepers are formed in lengths of 3ft. fixed at distances of 6ft. from centre to centre, thereby allowing three sleepers on an 18ft. rail, and affording facility for fishing the rails in the centre of a sleeper. They are kept together by tie-rods or bars E passing through the holes formed in the plates of the sleepers, and secured to the sleepers by gibs and keys F.

It will thus be seen that this system forms a cheap and durable road. With regard to the first point-economy-we give an approximate statement of the weights and costs per mile of various permanent way as summarized by Mr. Addis, the estimates being for materials only:

System.

if it is found in practice that the solution permeates For brass, he places a salt generator containing a
and deposits too freely on the plaster-covered dissolving plate of zinc and another containing a
cathode, then he would prefer the porous diaphragm dissolving plate of copper, or there might be any
cathode, which in this case had better be a pla- a dissolving plate of zinc or copper, according to
tinized surface, to facilitate the escape of the the quantity of brass required, whether containing
hydrogen gas. Mr. Howard has had a cell working a small or large percentage of zinc. In the same
several weeks in which he used at first the plaster- way, an alloy of other metals containing two or
covered cathode, and afterwards a clean copper more metallic elements, as the salt generators are
cathode in a porous cell containing dilute sulphuric in connection with and keep up the strength of the
acid. The cathode, whether a plaster-coated plate compound electrolyte in the large depositing vat.
of metal or a clean or platinized metallic plate (or In the single cell process, Mr. Howard employs a
graphite), is used simply as a conductor.
salt generator containing the dissolving plate of
the metal required.

Our engravings are illustrative of Mr. Howard's apparatus. In figs. 1, 2, and 3, A is a copper cylinder in a porous cell containing sulphate of

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No. of tons per mile.

FIG. 2.

Cost per mile.

£

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F

The advantages of Addia's permanent way, in addition to its cheapness and durability, consists in its being a longitudinal sleeper road; it combines the office of sleeper and fish-plate, thus enables chairs, spikes, and trenails to be dispensed with. The parts being fewer, in cases of shipment to foreign countries, is a matter of great importance in saving of freight, as well as easy, from their facility of close packing of carriage over long land distances. It has also great advantage in simplicity of laying and cheapness in maintenance. The staff of men needed for this purpose may be limited, and no special or previous knowledge is required.

HOWARD'S GALVANIC BATTERY.

HE following is a description of some im

Trofeuoents in the scriptioction of galvanic

batteries which have been made by Mr. James Howard, of 95, Cross-lane, Salford. In forwarding us sketches and particulars, Mr. Howard mentions that he has decided not to patent his invention, but to give it to the public, through the medium of our columns. Mr. Howard observes that Daniell's

FIG. 3

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battery is furnished with crystals of sulphate of copper; B, a zinc cylinder in a vessel containing
copper to keep up the strength of the copper solu- acidulated water; C, a funnel-shaped vessel (to
tion. His improvement does away with the supply keep the plates separate), containing sulphate of
of erystals of sulphate of copper, the strength of the copper commmunicating with the sulphate of
copper solution being kept up by a plate of metallic copper in the porous cell by means of a small tube;
copper which is electrically dissolved. He also D, dissolving copper plate, which is connected by a
uses the same or similar apparatus in the deposi- wire to the copper cylinder A; E, a copper plate
tion of brass and other alloys of two or more metals, covered with plaster of Paris; F, wire from the
and also in the single cell process of electro deposi-zinc cylinder or positive pole; G, wire from the
tion, in which it does away with the supply of
oxide of the metal which is being deposited, as a
metallic plate is used which is electrically dissolved
and keeps up the strength of the solution instead
of adding to the electrolyte the oxide of the metal,
as is usually done when working the single cell
process of electro deposition. All this is done by
using an apparatus which Mr. Howard calls a salt
generator, which is simply a miniature depositing
vat in which the dissolving plate is placed, and
which is separated from the cathode by a porous
diaphragm. Or the cathode might be covered with
plaster of Paris to prevent electro deposition. But

Fig. 4 is another mode of carrying out Mr. Howard's invention:-ce are two copper cylinders, within which are placed porous cells a 1 a 2 filled with dilute sulphuric acid. In a is immersed a cylinder of copper b, or a rod of platinized silver or graphite. In a 2 is immersed a cylinder of amalgamated zinc. The two copper cylinders are connected by a wire. There is a small tube passing from the base of the top copper cylinder through cork or other material which surrounds the top of porous cell a 2 and prevents the copper solution from flowing over. As the interior of the topmost of the copper cells is dissolved to keep up the strength of the copper solution, and becomes thinner, so the bottom one receives a corresponding deposit, and becomes thicker; and if this is not allowed to go too far, but by exchanging the cells when one has been sufficiently coated to relieve the one that is electrically wasting away, they may be kept in working order for any length of time, and keep up the strength of the copper solution, thus doing away with the use of crystals of sulphate of copper.

VARLEY'S PATENT BOILER FEEDER.

Tbined self-acting boiler-feeder and water meter,

HE accompanying engraving represents a com

the invention of Mr. Varley. It is manufactured by Mr. H. L. Norton, of Belle Sauvage Yard, London, whose name has become identified with the Abyssinian tube well. In our engraving, A is a stationary copper vessel containing two valves; the one marked E is the inlet water valve; the other, F, is the steam valve; both work by the shaft H passing through the vessel A. The ball, B, works or rocks upon the joint L, and communicates with the vessel A through the pipes D and C, and is counterbalanced by the weight I; the object of this ball is the working of the valves and index. There is also a valve in the casting G, through which the water passes to the boiler. The feeder works in the following manner:-Suppose the apparatus to be in the position shown by the dotted lines, fig. 1, the steam valve F and the outlet valve in the casting G are shut, the inlet valve E is open, through which the water will pass into the vessels A and B, until both are full up to the flange M; the increased weight of the ball B, by the fact of its being full of water, will cause it to fall to its lowest position, and in so doing shuts the water valve E and opens the steam valve F. The steam is then conducted by means of an internal pipe O, fig. 2, to the top of the water in each vessel, which establishes an equilibrium of pressure between the feeder and the boiler; the water passes out of the feeder into the boiler, and the ball B is held down by the cam K until it is empty, when the weight I will raise it to the position of the dotted lines. In this movement the steam and outlet valves are shut, and the feel-water valve is opened; the feeder will receive its charge of water, and the ball will again fall; steam being admitted, the result will be as before, and so on, until the water in the boiler has reached the desired level, when the feeder will continue to supply the water as fast as it is evaporated.

The water level in the boiler is maintained in the following manner:-The valve in the casting G opens downwards, and is kept to its seat by the weight N. The object of this weight is to balance the column of water in the feed pipe between the feeder and the water level in the boiler, so that plaster-covered plate or negative pole; H, cork until the water in the boiler sinks low enough to fitting into porous cell. Instead of the plaster- increase the weight of the column of water in the covered plate E, the vessel C might be made pipe, this valve remains closed; but when the of copper coated inside with plaster of Paris, water sinks below the desired level, it increases the and having a wire soldered to it, to form the nega-length or distance between the water level in the tive pole, as in fig. 2. Or the salt gen rator might boiler and the feeder; and the column of water be divided by porous partitions H, in fig. 3, when E would be clean plates or platinized, and D would be the dissolving plate in the middle compartment in sulphate of copper, the E E in dilute acid.

being increased in weight, it acts upon the valve and opens it, so that the feeder may resume its working until the level is attained. This apparatus has been in use for some time at the works of Messrs. Hayward, Tyler, and Co., of WhitecrossMr. Howard uses these salt generators in the street, and at the Hodge-lane Dye Works, Mandeposition of brass and other alloys as follows:-chester, and is very favourably spoken of.

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HORIZONTAL NON-CONDENSING ENGINES.

E illustrate above a pair of engines constructed

cylinders, 26in.; length of stroke, 3ft.; centre to centre of cylinders, 3ft. 8 in.; centre of cylinders to centre of crank shaft, 13ft. 8 in.; total length of frames, 18ft. 9 in.; total width of frame, 12in. broad.

Europe and America is an American invention, known there as the globe valve. It has been in general use for about a quarter of a century without a successful competitor, and, strange to say,

W by Mestrs. W. and J. Galloway, of Man- Ift. 9gin., diameter of driving wheels, 8ft. Gin, by was never patented; hence, it has been manufac

chester. A considerable number, we understand, of these engines have already been supplied-among others, to Messrs. Bessemer and Co., John Brown and Co., and to several American and French firms-and are doing good work. crank shaft, piston, connecting, and other rods' are made of Bessemer steel. The following are some of the principal dimensions:-Diameter of

THE PEET VALVE

The HERE is, perhaps, no single line of engineers'
THEBU no of

cations of durability and economy than taps. The
ordinary wheel valve now in general use both in

tured by all who felt disposed to make it, from the largest machinist down to the most primitive lathe and bungling hand tool of a single indifferent mechanic. This has resulted in a sharp and unhealthy competition, which has produced poor ings constitute by far the greater part of the first cost of the tap, there has been great inducement

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