the said county [here describe the offence, with the time and place, and follow the words of the act as near as may be], contrary to the statute made in the year of the reign of King William the Fourth, intituled an act [set forth the title of this act], which hath imposed a forfeiture of - for the said offence. Taken the day of before me, C. D.

The conviction, by sect. 23, may be drawn up in the form or to the effect following: (that is to say,)

of

}

Be it remembered, that on this
the year of the reign of ·

in

day of
A. B. is con-

to wit. victed before Majesty's justices of the peace for the county [or for the division of the said county of or for the city, liberty, or town of as the case shall happen to be], do adjudge him [or her, or them, as the case may be,] to pay and forfeit for the same the sum of the day and year aforesaid.

-for

; and

Given under

The blank here after the word "for," seems to be left for the description of the offence.

No order, judgment, or conviction made touching or concerning any of the matters in this act contained, or of any proceedings to be had touching the conviction of any offender or offenders against this act, shall be quashed for want of form, or be removed or removable by certiorari. Id s. 24.

Witnesses.] If it shall be made appear by the oath or affirmation of any credible person, that any person within the jurisdiction of any justice is likely to give material evidence on behalf of the prosecutor or the person accused, and will not voluntarily appear before such justice to be examined, such justice shall issue his summons to convene every such person before any such justice, at such seasonable time as in such summons shall be fixed; and if any person so summoned shall neglect to refuse to appear at the time by such summons appointed, and no just excuse shall be offered for such neglect or refusal, then, after proof upon oath or affirmation of such summons having been duly served upon the party or parties so summoned, every such justice shall issue his warrant under his hand and seal to bring such person before any such justice; and on the appearance of any such person before any such justice, every such justice shall examine him upon oath or affirmation; and if on his appearance, or on being brought before any such justice, he shall refuse to be examined upon oath or affirmation concerning the premises, without offering any just excuse for such refusal,

*"An Act to repeal the several Acts now in force relating to bread to be sold out of the City of London and the liberties thereof, and beyond the weekly bills of mortality and ten miles of the Royal Ex change; and to provide other regulations for the making and sale of bread, and for preventing the adulteration of meal, flour, and bread, beyond the limits aforesaid."

any such justice, within the limits of his jurisdiction, may, by warrant under his hand and seal, commit the person so refusing to the public prison of the city, county, division, liberty, or place in which the person so refusing to be examined shall be, there to remain for any time not exceeding fourteen days, with or without hard labour. Id. s. 21.

Penalties, how levied and applied.] All penalties by this act imposed (the manner of levying and recovering and applying whereof is not herein otherwise directed,) shall be levied, together with the costs attending the information and conviction, by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the party offending, by warrant under the hand and seal of the convicting magistrate; and in case such penalties shall not be forthwith paid upon conviction, then it shall be lawful for such magistrate to order the offender to be detained in custody, until return can be conveniently made to such warrant of distress, unless the offender shall give sufficient security for his appearance on such day as shall be appointed for the return of such warrant of distress, such day not being more than seven days from the time of taking any such security; but if upon the return of such warrant, it shall appear that no sufficient distress can be had, then such magistrate shall by warrant under his hand and seal, cause such offender to be committed to the common gaol or house of correction of the city, county, or place where the offender shall be or reside, there to remain without bail or mainprize for any time not exceeding one calendar month, with or without hard labour, (save and except as herein otherwise directed,) unless such penalties, and all reasonable charges attending the same, shall be sooner paid and satisfied. Id. s. 17.

And all penalties by this act inflicted, and the application of which is not hereinbefore directed, shall, when recovered or paid, go and be disposed of in manner following: (that is to say,) one moiety thereof, where any offender shall be convicted, either by his confession, or by the oath or affirmation of one or more credible witness or witnesses, shall go and be paid to the person who shall inform against and prosecute to conviction any such offender: and the other moiety thereof (or in case there be no such person informing, then the whole thereof) shall go and be paid to some one of the overseers of the poor, or to some other officer, (as the convicting justice or justices may direct,) of the parish, township, or place in which the offence shall have been committed, to be by such overseer or officer paid over to the use of the general rate of the county, riding, or division in which such parish, township, or place shall be situate, whether the same shall or shall not contribute to such general rate; and no inhabitant of such county, riding, or division shall be deemed an incompetent witness in any proceeding under this act, by reason of the application of such

penalty or forfeiture to the use of the said general rate as afore said. Id. s. 32.

Where any distress shall be made for any sum or sums of money to be levied by virtue of this act, the distress itself shall not be deemed unlawful, nor the party or parties making the - same be deemed a trespasser or trespassers, on account of any defect or want of form in the summons, conviction, warrant of distress, or any other proceeding relating thereto; nor shall the party or parties distraining be deemed a trespasser or trespassers ab initio, on account of any irregularity which shall be afterwards committed by the party or parties distraining, but the person or persons aggrieved by such irregularity shall and may recover full satisfaction for the special damage (if any) in an action on the case; but no plaintiff or plaintiffs shall recover in any action for such irregularity as aforesaid, if tender of sufficient amends hath been made by or on the behalf of the party distraining before such action brought. Id. s. 24.

Appeal.] The appeal clauses in this act, (sect. 25, 26), are precisely the same as sect. 27 & 28 of stat. 3 G. 4, c. cvi. ante, p. 164; it is only necessary therefore to refer to them.

Actions against justices, &c.] The act contains the usual clauses, as to the limitation of action, pleading the general issue, costs, &c., in actions against justices or officers, for any thing done under or by virtue of the act. Id. s. 29, 30.

Saving of rights, &c.] The act also contains a saving of any right or custom of the universities of Oxford or Cambridge or either of them, or of any lord or lords of any leets, or the rights of any clerk or clerks of the market in any place, which may be exercised and enjoyed by them or any of them by virtue of any charter, bye laws, prescriptions, usages, customs, privileges, grants, or acts of parliament, except so far as relates to the assize of bread and the regulations of the price and weight thereof. Id. s. 33.

BRIBERY.

Bribery is the receiving or offering of any undue reward, by or to any person whatsoever, whose ordinary profession or business relates to the administration of public justice, in order to incline him to do a thing against the known rules of honesty and integrity. 1 Hawk. c. 67, s. 2. It is a misdemeanor at common law, punishable, both as to the party receiving, and the party giving or even offering the bribe, with fine or imprisonment, or both. Id. s. 7.

As to bribery of electors for members of parliament: B

stat. 7 & 8 W. 3, c. 4, no candidate shall be guilty of such bribery, on pain of being incapacitated. And by stat. 2 G. 2, c. 24, s. 7, if any person shall take any money or other reward, or contract or agree for any money, gift, office, employment, or other reward, to give or forbear to give his vote, he shall forfeit £500.

As to the bribery of officers of the customs, see 3 & 4 W. 4, c. 51, s. 8.

BRICKS AND TILES.

Bricks.] All bricks made for sale, shall, when burnt, be not less than 8 inches long, 2 thick, and 4 wide; under the penalty of 20s. for every thousand. 17 G. 3, c. 42, s. 1, 2. This penalty may be recovered before one justice, and the penalty levied by distress; or if sufficient distress be not found, the offender may be committed for not more than two calendar months, unless the penalty and all reasonable charges be sooner paid. Id. s. 5. The penalty, if levied, shall be distributed; half to the informer, and half to the poor of the parish where the offender dwells. Id. The information must be laid within one calendar month after the sale or delivery of the bricks. Id. s. 7.

The conviction, by sect. 6, may be in the following form, or to the like effect:

day of

in the year of D. one of Her [for that he

Be it remembered that on the our Lord, A. B. is convicted before me C. Majesty's justices of the peace for the of the said A. B. on at did make for sale 10,000 bricks, which were less than eight inches and a half long, to wit, eight inches long only; against the form of the statute in such case made and provided.] Given under my hand and seal the day and year aforesaid.

Any person aggrieved, may, within four calendar months, appeal to the General Quarter Sessions, giving twenty-one days' notice in writing of his intention to do so, and of the matter thereof, to the person whose act is complained of, and within eight days after notice entering into recognizance to try the appeal and pay costs if awarded. Id. s. 8.

Tiles.] All pantiles made for sale, shall not be less than 13 inches long, 9 inches wide, and half an inch thick ; under the penalty of 10s. for every thousand. 17 G. 3, c. 42, s. 1, 2. The conviction and proceedings, &c. are the same as is above mentioned in the case of bricks, the same statute relating to both.

Plain tiles shall be 10 inch and half a quarter

inches long, 64 broad, and half an thick; roof or cres-tiles, 13 inches

long, and half an inch and half a quarter thick, with convenient depth; gutter and cover tiles, 10 inches long, with convenient thickness, breadth and depth. 17 Ewd. 4, c. 4. Justices of peace and every of them may hear and determine offences against this Act, and assess upon the offender no less a fine than 5s. for every thousand plain tile, 6s. 8d. for every hundred roof tile, and 28. for every corner or gutter tile. Id.

BRIDGES.

Not repairing.] Counties are liable for the repair of all the public bridges within them, respectively, in the same manner as parishes are liable to repair the public highways within them. A portion of a county, as a parish, &c. may be liable by custom to repair a particular bridge, or all bridges within it, in the same manner as a township or other district in a parish may by custom be liable to repair a highway. R. v. Hendon, 4 B. & Ad. 628. So an individual by reason of his tenure of lands, or a corporation by prescription, may be liable to repair a public bridge. Co. Lit. 700. R. v. Oswestry, 5 M. & S. 361. And there is no difference in this respect between horse, foot and carriage bridges; if they be public bridges, the inhabitants of the county must repair them, unless they can show that others are bound to do so ratione tenure or otherwise. R. v. Salop, 13 East, 95. R. v. Bucks, 12 East, 192. As to bridges erected by individuals, &c. and by them afterwards dedicated to the public, it is enacted by stat. 43 G. 3, c. 59, s. 5, that no bridge thereafter to be built in any county, at the expense of any private person or body politic or corporate, shall be deemed a county bridge which the inhabitants of any county shall be compellable or liable to maintain or repair, unless such bridge shall be erected in a substantial and commodious manner, under the direction or to the satisfaction of the county surveyor. And this Act has been holden to extend to a bridge erected by the trustees of a turnpike road. R. v. Derby, 3 B. & Ad. 147.

Besides the repairing and maintaining of the bridge, the county are bound also to keep in repair 300 feet of the highway at each end of it. 22 H. 8, c. 5, s. 9.

Where bridges are repairable by the county, the repairs are paid for out of the county rate; and the justices at sessions, after indictment found or presentment by the grand jury as to the bridge being out of repair, may contract with any person for the repairs, or for keeping it in repair for a certain annual sum; 12 G. 2, c. 29, s. 14; or the justices at the Easter ses