sides of the ship are connected, and the cellular |
arrangement of the stringer offers little resistance to
this derangement of the parts; while in the other
vessel the deep knee of the beam and the arrangement
of the stringer are most effectually applied to resist
the action. In the Great Eastern the outside skin
plates are only of an inch in thickness, and the
frames are spaced at 6 feet asunder, which very much
explains the amount of cradling used in launching
this ship. There is exceedingly little strength for
blocking up this ship, except on the top of the frames;
and it would appear to be by no means a simple
operation to place her on blocks or on a gridiron.
It has been asserted repeatedly that the Great
Eastern is the strongest ship ever built; but there
appears little reason to place her in that proud posi-
tion. It has been stated that her dimensions, and
especially her length, rendered the peculiar mode of
construction indispensable; but it seems to be per-
fectly clear that she would not class 12 years at
Lloyd's, or at all events that she is of inferior strength
to any 12 years' ship yet classed. There is in the hull
of the Great Eastern 8,000 tons of iron; but if she

had been built of scantlings to class 12 years, there
would have been 10,250 tons. The strength of the
Great Eastern would appear to be deficient, not only
in the quantity of material employed, but from the
manner in which that material is arranged.

Besides the changes that have been proposed in the
manner of building iron ships, it has been proposed to
build ships of Lowmoor iron, and even of steel. The
object of using material so costly is, that ships might
be made stronger and lighter; that, instead of being
built of material which is brittle, they should possess
a toughness and tenacity which Lowmoor iron and
steel are capable of imparting.

Experiments have not been made to ascertain the exact superiority of Lowmoor iron for such work; but if it be assumed to be twice as strong as ordinary ship iron, it can be shown, that the quantity of material in the frames, floors, beams, &c., would be reduced 50 per cent., and in the skin plate stringers, &c., 30 per cent. With a material three times as strong as ship iron, which the manufacturers of steel state it to be, the weight of the frames, floors, and beams is reduced 66 per cent., and the skin plates, stringers, &c., 42 per cent. With this reduced weight in the hull of a ship the displacement is reduced; and if the speed is to be retained at the same rate, the power of the engines and weight of coal carried is reduced, which involves a further reduction in the displacement, and that again a further diminution of power. So that reducing the weight of the hull by the use of improved material involves a reduction in the weight of the engines, coal, &c., and a reduction of the displacement of the ship, due both to the diminution in the weight of the ship and to the diminution in the power of the engine; or if the weight of the cargo and speed be retained of the same amount, the use of improved material permits a reduction in the size of the ship, to perform the same amount of work. To show the effect of this in practice, a ship of 1,500 tons, N. M., fitted with engines of 200 H. P., weighing 200 tons, and carrying 400 tons of coal, has a displacement of say 2,610 tons; and if built of iron, the weight of hull will be about 1,080 tons. The weight of cargo will therefore be 2,610 tons, less 1,680 for the weight of the hull, machinery and coal-giving a net cargo of 930 tons at the draught of water assumed. The weight of iron in the hull of this ship would be 167 tons. dimensions and form as the 1,500 ton ship, has a A ship of 1,080 tons, proportioned in displacement of 1,880 tons; the weight of hull, if built of steel three times as strong as iron, will be 468 tons; the power to propel her at the same speed as the 1,500 ton ship will be 160 H. P., and the coal for the same time of voyage 320 tons; therefore the weight of cargo will be 932 tons, the same as the 1,500 ton ship. The weight of steel in the hull of this ship would be 315 tons. The cost of the 1,500 ton ship, at £18 for the hull, and £40 for the machinery, would be £35,000. The cost of the ship of 1,080 tons, at the same prices, would be £25,840; to which add £3,200 for the difference betwixt 315 tons of steel, at £30 per ton, and 625 tons of iron (the quantity that would be in the ship, if built of iron), at £10 per ton, and the price of the ship is £29,040.

Thus a ship of 1,080 tons, N. M., built of steel, having a strength equal to three times that of iron, and at the price of £30 per ton, will carry the same cargo as a ship of 1,500 tons, N. M., built of iron, will steam at the same rate, and for the same length of time. The advantage in the use of this material, if the statement about the strength be correct, is therefore not only that a ship, to carry, at a given speed, a given weight of cargo, costs less money in the proportion of £29,000 to £35,000, but in the proportion of

from end to end.

Captain Halsted, R.N.; Mr. J. I. Fincham, Master [MARCH 29, 1861. Mr. Grantham, and the secretary, Mr. E. J. Reed. Shipwright of Her Majesty's Dockyard, Deptford; tion to the collection of information bearing upon the During a lengthened discussion a general desire was above and other subjects, and a resolution was unanievinced to limit the present operations of the institumously passed appointing a committee to consider tions of new inventions, as may be submitted to the such professional communications, including descripthem such as they may deem suitable to be read and institution through the secretary, and to select from in the Transactions. Sir John Pakington complained discussed at the meetings of the institution, and such others as they may think it desirable simply to publish inventors, and stated that henceforth he must refuse that since he had been president of the institution he to attend to any such communications, as the secretary had been continually troubled with letters from institution (including the president) proceeded to was the proper person to receive them. At the conclusion of the meeting several of the officers of the possible, into permanent offices for the institution. which are to be converted, with as little delay as No. 7 Adelphi-terrace, and there selected apartments, We are informed that the institution is rapidly particular receiving daily additions, chiefly from the increasing in numbers, the class of associates in entrance of officers of the Royal Navy.

Our Weekly Gossip.

OCEAN TELEGRAPHY.-Mr. W. T. Henley writes
to inform us that in "last week's number of your
mention the Balearic cables, and say they were made
publication in enumerating the successful cables, you
they were made and laid by myself, assisted by my
by me and laid by Sir Charles Bright. The fact is
intending the laying on behalf of Mr. Perry, the ori
brother, Sir Charles Bright being on board and super-
ginal contractor with the Spanish Government. My
(about 400 miles), which contract has been carried out,
contract was to make, lay, and keep in working order,
for fifty consecutive days, the whole of the cables
the cables being up to this time quite perfect.

Bristol, writes:-" Mr. Wilson is labouring under a
HEWITT'S PROJECTILES.-Mr. William Hewitt, of
projectile known as Hewitt's projectile. I see by his
mistake in supposing that he is the inventor of the
specification which I have before me,' his patent was
not sealed until last November, and not the May pre-
back as '58 I invented the projectile known as Hewitt's
vious, as it would appear from his letter to you. Mr.
Wilson will doubtless be surprised to hear that as far
projectile, and that I also forwarded a model (as illus-
to the War Office, and received a communication
trated and described in this Journal, August 17, '60)
to the effect that it had been forwarded to the Ord-
nance Select Committee, Woolwich, for their report,
who subsequently wrote me on the subject."
Hewitt left a model of his projectile at the office of
Mr.
the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE in July last.

Captain Norton requests us to insert the following copy of a letter addressed to him nearly twenty years ago. He says he could not lay his hands upon it when he compiled his book on projectiles.

catalogue of the numerous and important matters to
"DEAR SIR,-I received your letter containing a
"Dover, October 29, 1831.
and I thank you for the interest with which I have
which you have directed your attention and faculties,
read that list, and sincerely hope that the service may
be practically benefited by those inventions.
"Believe me, dear sir, yours very faithfully,
"HOWARD DOUGLAS.

"To Captain John Norton."
RAILWAY ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN.-On
Saturday a deputation from the body of engine-drivers
necessity of some legislative provision against the ex-
kingdom waited upon the Right Hon. T. M. Gibson,
and firemen employed on the various railways of the
the President of the Board of Trade, to urge the
operatives. The deputation included persons repre-
the principal railways, and was accompanied by
cessive hours of labour complained of by this class of
senting the staff of locomotive attendants on each of
Mr. Massey, M.P., and Mr. T. Southam, LL.D. (of
deputation, and made a statement on their behalf.
Manchester).
He observed that the enginemen were a very intelli-
gent body, that they had very responsible duties,
Mr. Massey, M.P., introduced the
and that the public safety was greatly dependent on
their demands were well worthy of consideration.
their moral and physical efficiency.
Mr. Ridings, president of the Association for Promot
He thought

ing the Ten Hours' Movement, said the safety of the public as well as the welfare of the men demanded some legal control over the hours of work. If the Board of Trade had no power to interfere, an appeal would be made to Parliament. He quoted from returns showing that a man was often on his engine 16 to 18 hours at a stretch. Mr. Gibson, after minute inquiries into the merits of the case, said it was undoubtedly a hard one, but he could not encourage any supposition that the Legislature would at present interfere. He was not fully acquainted with the extent of the powers of the Board, but would take care that the matter should be thoroughly considered. On the part of the deputation it was stated that, failing the interference of the Board of Trade or of Parliament, the only appeal was one to which the men had no intention of resorting.

PRESERVATION OF STONE.-As regards the experiments yet made for preventing the further decay of the Houses of Parliament, it appears that the following results have been obtained. We get our information from Mr. Scott's report on the experiments made on rapidly-decaying stone in Westminster Abbey.

I. Water-glass-Tried in 1857 and 1858. hardened, but decay only partially arrested.

Stone

2. Paul's Aluminate of Potash.-Tried same date. Same result as No. 1.

3. Ransome's Silicate of Lime Process.-Same result.

4. Szerelmey's Secret Process.-Stone much hardened. Decay only slightly visible. Mr. Faraday thinks this method to be the best.

5. Soap and Alum Process.-Effects appear to have ceased.

6. Rocha's Silicate.-Effects remain, but efficiency not reported on.

7. Shellac in Spirits of Wine.-Admirably successful where protected from rain. Scarcely so successful where exposed to rain.

8. White Wax in Turpentine.-Failure. 9. Same as No. 8, but with addition of Stearine. Better, but failing.

10. Daine's Oil and Sulphur Process.-Tried since July, 1859. Almost entirely successful.

The above results are most encouraging. When, in a matter of such import, 30 per cent. of the methods tried are almost complete successes, every hope may be entertained that soon some processes may be discovered quite equal to the demands upon them.

2175. E. HORTON. New or improved machinery to be used in the manufacture of bolts, nuts, and screws. Dated Sept. 8, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2176. A. L. A. HERBELOT. An improved method of manufacturing paper from wood. Dated Sept. 8, 1860. This invention consists in manufacturing shavings, sawdust, and fragments of wood into paper by subjecting them to the three following consecutive operations:-1. The causing them to imbibe water by immersion, or by pouring water on them. 2. The trituration of the moistened wood by mallets, hammers, or rollers. 3. The bleaching of the pulp obtained after trituration by chloride of lime or other bleaching agent. The bleached pulp by itself, or mixed with rag pulp, then undergoes the ordinary treatment for converting pulp into paper. Patent abandoned. 2177. W. E. GEDGE. Improved means of extinguishing conflagrations. (A communication.) Dated Sept. 8, 1860. This consists essentially in putting out or extinguishing fire by injecting steam thereinto. Patent completed. 2178. J. P. F. DUVERGE. Improved machinery or apparatus for horizontal, vertical, or inclined boring. Dated Sept. S, 1860.

The inventor proposes, for horizontal boring, to place a cast-iron framing on a framing or support formed of two thick planks of wood, tied together by cross bearings, and securing the whole from recoil by stakes or otherwise. The metal framing supports two shafts lying parallel to each other, the one solid and the other hollow, but both having conical band rests; one of these shafts is square at each end to receive the winch or handle for turning it. The hollow shaft is a tube of iron having within it a spherical-headed screw and a square shaft, on one end of which is a nipper (holding the heel of the screw); this shaft slides within a square box or casing. In operating, motion is given by a winch on the solid shaft, which, by the aid of pulleys or bands on the cones of both shafts, causes them to turn. The screw head or drill is forced onwards with a rotary movement, and bores into the rock, &c. When it has been pushed as far as the machine will send it, the shafts are turned in an opposite direction, and the screw retires to its normal position, the whole being similar to a sliding telescope. Patent abandoned.

2179. J. FOURDRINIER. Improvements in kilns for drying grain, seeds, and other agricultural produce. Dated Sept. 8, 1860.

This invention has for its object the construction of kilns, so that they may be moved from place to place, the object being effected by constructing the kilns on wheels. Patent abandoned.

2180. J. WOOD. Improvements in stereotyping appaDated Sept. 8, 1860.

THE abridged Specifications of Patents given below are classified, according to the subjects to which the respective inventions refer, in the following table. By the system of classification adopted, the numerical and chronological order of the specifications is preserved, and combined with all the advantages of a division into classes. It should be understood that these abridgments are prepared exclusively for this Magazine from official copies supplied by the Government, and are therefore the property of the proprie tors of this Magazine. Other papers are hereby warned not to produce them without acknowledgment:STEAM ENGINES, &c., 2214, 2248. BOILERS AND THEIR FURNACES, &c., 2188, 2225, 2237. ROADS AND VEHICLES, including railway plant and carriages, saddlery and harness, &c., 2181, 2185, 2195, 2023. SHIPS AND BOATS, including their fittings, 2187, 2206, 2229,

2240.

CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL, including agricultural and hortieultural implements and machines, 2186, 2246. FOOD AND BEVERAGES, including apparatus for preparing food for men and animals, 2179, 2247. FIBROUS FABRICs, including machinery for treating fibres pulp, paper, &c., 2184, 2189, 2190, 2196, 2197, 2292, 2205, 2219, 2221, 2226, 2235, 2242.

BUILDINGS AND BUILDING MATERIALS, Including sewers drain-pipes, brick and tile machines, &c., 2210, 2212, 2239, 2245.

LIGHTING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING, 2183, 2207.

A part of this invention consists in arranging apparatus so that a stereotype block or plate may be cast of the exact width required, whilst at the same time the letters at the edges of the said block or plate are produced perfectly and sharply. This is ensured by so forming the mould that the block or plate when cast may have a projecting edge or fringe running along the upper edge of each side; the formation of this edge or fringe is formed to prevent the injurious effect before-mentioned of the cold metal sides of the mould, and after the block or plate is cast the said edge or fringe is very readily removed. Patent completed. 2181. J. J. C. KLEINFELDER and C. GIRARDET. Improvements in carriages and harness for horses, and in the means of attaching harness to carriages. Dated Sept. 8,

1860.

We cannot here give space to the details of this invention. Patent abandoned.

2182. G. ZANNI. Improvements in apparatus for roasting. Dated Sept. 8, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2183. F. J. CANTAGREL. Apparatus for ascertaining the existence of escapes in pipes and vessels for conveying (and holding) lighting and heating gases, which apparatus he denominates" escape-indicator." Dated Sept. 10, 1860. The patentee claims, 1, "an instrument consisting of an active flexible organ, which he terms compressor. 2. A passive flexible organ, a manometer or probe extending or contracting under the action of the former. 3. A lock so disposed as to set these two organs in connection between them, and also with the conduits or with the external air, the said instrument being made to rest stationary upon gas apparatus, of which it forms an integral part, and also to exert in the inside of the said apparatus (1) a pressure or depression ascertained by the probe or manometer, the quicker or slower persistance or disappearance of which points out at any given time the absence or existence of any escape or leakage; (2) detecting the spot where such leakage, however unimportant, takes place, by forcing through the action of the compressor, and the obturating action of the cock, either the external air through the escape hole, or forcing the air or gas contained in the pipe to ascertain in any way its pressure." Patent completed.

2184. T., E. and J. THORNTON. Improvements in looms for weaving. Dated Sept. 10, 1860.

This consists in working or driving the cylinder of the Jacquard engine by shafting and gear, chain or strap, and

peg or tooth pulleys, direct from the loom gearing, so that when the loom is reversed the Jacquard engine will also be reversed, thereby maintaining the arrangement of the parts whether in forward or reverse action. And to enable the attendant to reverse or turn the loom backward more readily, the patentees apply an additional driving pulley, with reverse motion, so as to change the driving strap thereto, and thus reverse the loom by power. They also apply a catch lever for working the picking levers, which is connected with the strap guide, so that on the reverse back-action of the loom the picking levers are kept out of contact with the picking tappets. Patent completed.

2185. W. E. ROBSON. The application of an improved elastic material for springs or cushions on the chairs of railways and tramroads, or in any other positions, to prevent the friction caused by the working of iron on iron or other metal substances. Dated Sept. 10, 1860.

This consists in confining an elastic material (without the aid of metal plates) in the usual manner with wedges to tighten the rails; but the improved elastic material will be so protected from the friction caused by the working of the rails with the insertion of fine brass or other wire (or similar substances), embedded so as to cause the material to be firmly riveted together through the meshes of wire or other material used for the purpose, so that whilst it shall be free to yield in a vertical direction it will be prevented from pressing out laterally, which has been an object hitherto adopted in vain. Patent abandoned.

2186. W. WILKINSON and H. S. WRIGHT. Improvements in apparatus used when stacking straw and other agricultural produce. Dated Sept. 10, 1860.

The peculiar character of this invention consists in combining with certain endless chains, kept distended by rollers, a series of flexible pockets or concave receivers, into which the straw or other agricultural produce is received and elevated. Patent completed.

2187. T. TURPIE. Improvements in furling sails. Dated Sept 10, 1860.

This invention (the details of which we cannot here give space to) consists in various arrangements for furling sails, and is applicable to top-gallant sails, royals, skysails, and coursers. Patent completed.

of stays for steam boilers. 2188. H. C. HILL. Improvements in the construction Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

This consists in rendering the stays of steam boilers elastic or yielding, to a certain extent, after which they become rigid, the object being to allow the ends of the boiler to expand with the flues or tubes, and then to be firmly held by the stays. Patent abandoned.

2189. J. GREENWOOD. Improvements in looms for wearing. Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

This relates to looms for weaving damasks, reps, or other figured fabrics for the production of which jacquard engines are used; and consists in constructing, combining, and arranging the mechanism thereof so as to give time and ease to the draught, or in turning the jacquard cylinder for change of cards, and lifting or drawing the figure by causing a false pick to be made, or no shuttle picked at such time of change, which the patentee effects by connecting the two picking tappets with a rod which is actuated by a cam or lappet, and gear wheels of suitable proportion which receive motion from the crank shaft of the loom, so as to change the pick at the proper time from one end of the loom to the other, or cause two picks in succession to be made from one end, the second or false pick being made at the time when the cards are changed, and when no shuttle is in the box. The tappet for drawing the figure is constructed so as to lift more gradually, occupying the time when no pick is being made, thus avoiding sudden action, and preventing breakage or great wear and tear of the loom, also equalizing the power rePatent completed. 2190. G. WELLMAN. Improvements in carding engines for carding cotton and other fibrous materials. Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

quired in driving the same.

This relates to a previous patent, dated 25th November, 1853 (No. 2747). According to this present invention it is proposed to use two segmental mangle racks, secured one to each side of the box or framing of the carding engine, for obtaining the desired to and fro travelling motion of the rocker frame which carries the "top" raising and stripping mechanism, and driving gear for actuating the We cannot give space to the details.

same.

Patent

completed. 2191. D. NICOLL. An improved overcoat, particularly adapted to military purposes, to be called "Nicoll's Lucerna." Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

The patentee claims the manufacture of coats with capes attached or detached, pierced for the coat sleeve to pass through, so as to give freedom to the arms of the wearer. Patent completed. 2192. M. A. F. MENNONS. An improved apparatus for sealing letters and other documents. (A communication.) Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2193. R. C. CLAPHAM. Improvements in the manufac ture of bleaching powder and apparatus employed therein. Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

This invention consists of a method of obtaining from a given weight of common salt, a larger quantity of muriatic acid of a strength suitable for making bleaching powder, than is obtained by the methods now commonly used. In condensing muriatic acid from the decomposition of common salt, a large part of the muriatic acid has hitherto been found to be of too low a strength to be applicable to the decomposition of manganese in making bleaching powder; and the object of the present invention is to render the above-named weak acid, which usually varies in strength from 1° to 6° Twaddle, commercially useful for the above object. The patentee first cools the weak acid solutions, as they usually run from the last or weak condensers used in condensing muriatic acid, in any suitable apparatus, and then passes it down what are called No. 1 condensers, or the strong acid condensers, commonly used when de

composing common salt in the place of water; or it may be mixed with water. Or the patentee exposes the said weak solutions to a stream of weak or waste muriatic acid gas, till it arrives at the required strength to use in the manufacture of bleaching powder. The apparatus employed resembles in principle that used in working Gay Lussac's apparatus for saving nitrate of soda. Patent completed.

2194. J. DENECHAUD and J. CHAPA. An electric controller for indicating the relative positions of trains on railways. Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

one

This invention is intended to prevent trains running into one another upon railways. Each of the stations, as well as each of the trains, is furnished with a similar electric controller. Supposing two trains to be approaching each other in contrary directions, and to have a station between them, the controllers are intended to indicate the distance run, and communicate, mile by mile, or at any other stated distances, the position of the trains to the station towards which they are travelling. Thus two trains travelling one towards another, no matter what the distance which separates them, have the precise spots at which they are, indicated by the controller at the station. The station-master can follow at a glance all trains, whether from the right or from the left, travelling towards his station, and the persons in charge of the trains have their exact positions indicated to them, and by looking at the controller can ascertain the distance from the next station. While the two trains are separated by the station they are only in communication with it, but should one overrun it, and the two trains be upon the same line of rails, then they immediately communicate with another, and the controllers exhibit to the person in charge of each train the distance which separates them. Each controller is composed of two electro-magnets, in front of which are plates of soft iron held upon one end of a jointed lever; the other end is connected to an anchor catch, which works into pegs upon a wheel keyed on the end of a threaded shaft. Each electro-magnet has similar apparatuses connected with it. A nut free to travel by the turning of the shaft is placed on each shaft, and by means of a rod rising from each nut is joined to and made to propel a small carriage upon rails supported at the upper part of the apparatus, and behind the carriages is a scale divided into miles or other distances. One carriage represents the train to which it is fitted, and the other that which is following it or travelling towards it. A battery is carried upon the frame carrying the apparatus. The negative pole is in contact with the rails through the wheels of the carriage, and the positive with an insulated metal band placed along the length of the railway through a conductor which depends from the frame, and comes in contact every mile or other stated distance with a tappet, and throws back its current into the controller at the sta tion, which is always in contact with the metal band and with the rails. The current in the electro-magnets attracts the soft iron, and through the jointed lever and anchorcatch at each contact turns the peg-wheel ono peg, whereby the nut and its carriage are advanced a degree, which represents one mile upon the scale. Patent completed.

2195. D. PEACOCK and T. R. TRUMAN. Improvements in the construction of wheels for traction and locomotive engines. Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

with some soft material, or left with a space beneath, so that the balls shall be prevented from ricochetting or rebounding. Covered shooting stations are to be placed at about 600 yards, to allow of practice in wet weather at the various ranges. The inventor proposes that the targets be swung on pivots at the sides, or top and bottom, for the purpose of facilitating the obliteration of the shot marks, and recording the points; thus the target being marked on both sides will greatly expedite the ball practice, without endangering the life of the marker. Patent abandoned. 2201. W. MASSEY. Improvements in the manufacture of artificial mineral teeth, and the means whereby the same may be more securely attached to artificial gums and palates, formed of vulcanite, or other similar materials. Dated Sept. 12, 1860.

This consists in forming or shaping artificial mineral teeth with a part of the back or inner portion of the fang end of the tooth (or teeth) flat, or nearly so, as now practised, but in place of the projection on the inside of the cutting or grinding end of the tooth being formed at a right angle, or bevelled outwards, as now practised for convenience in drawing from the mould, these teeth are formed with an under cut, or simi-dovetail, or V slit, into which the vulcanite, or other material forming the palate is worked. It also consists in substituting for the wire pins now used for attaching teeth to the artificial gums and palate small wire staples, or eyes, which project from the flat part of the inner surface of the tooth, which is in contact with the artificial gum. Patent abandoned.

2202. F. A. N. PREPPEL. An improred preservative and sizeing compound for sizeing cotton, wool, linen, or other yarns for weaving, and for dressing tertite fabrics. Dated Sept. 12, 1860.

The object of this invention is to produce a compound which shall be well suited for sizeing yarns or threads, and for dressing textile fabrics; and shall, at the same time, preserve itself in a state suitable for use for a longer time than ordinary compounds used for such purposes. The improved compound may be produced either in a liquid or solid state, and either odorous or not, as may be desired. Liquid compound.-To produce it in a liquid form the patentec takes 100 kilogrammes (268 lbs.) of glycerine at 24 degrees Beaume; 1 kilogramme (2:68 lbs.) of carbonate of soda; 1 kilogramme of gelatine; 10 grammes (6:43 pennyweights) of alum; and 10 grammes of borax; and he mixes and incorporates these into a liquid mass; or he uses gelatine, fatty soap, stearine, gum arabic, or adraganthe, in varying proportions, in combination with soda, alum, and borax, also in varying proportions. To render the compound odorous, when necessary, he dissolves in 4 litres (7 pints) of alchol 100 grammes (3-216 ounces) of essence of mint, an equal weight of essence of lavender, and twice the weight (200 grammes) of camphor; when these latter are di-solved in the alchol, he adds 100 grammes (3 216 ounces) of the solution to the liquid compound before described, and he obtains an odorons and eminently antiseptic sizcing and dressing compound. Solid compound.-In order to produce a solid compound he thickens, or solidifies the compound before described (whether rendered odorous or not) by adding 10 kilogrammes (268 lbs.) of fecula, or starch, to each litre (1.76 pints) of the liquid compound. Patent completed.

2203. R. H. C. WILSON. Improvements in registering thermometers. Dated Sept. 12, 1860.

This consists in the use of dilute acid, or other fluid (not acting prejudicially on quicksilver) heavier than spirit, in combination with quicksilver, in the construction of maximum and minimum thermometers. Patent completed.

united) by interlacing one loop of the thread with another, and extending through the said parts. Patent completed. 2209. N. THOMPSON, jun. Improvements in boat building, and in apparatus used therein. Dated Sept. 13, 1860. This invention is not completely and intelligibly described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2210. A. RANSFORD. Improvements in galleries or supports for gas shales. Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

Here instead of the three-armed gallery or support, with its central supply pipe and burner, as hitherto used, the patentee makes the gallery or support in the form of a segment of a circle, with a screwed socket or connection at the outside edge thereof, and a burner socket projecting inwards in a slanting position, the said connecting socket being tapped to screw on the "gas fitting" or supply pipe, so that the glass shade is put on the gallery, and secured by a thumb screw in the usual way, and there will not be any shadow thrown as is the case with the ordinary galleries and supply pipes now in common use. Patent completed.

2211. G. PRICE. An improvement in the manufacture of wrought-iron drill proof safes. Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

This consists of a method of rendering the doors and other parts of wrought-iron safes and strong-room doors drill proof by coating them with steel, similar to the method described in the specification of a former patent dated 31-t January, 1855, No. 236, but instead of producing this result by the case-hardening process, as herein specified, the inventor produces the iron plates with a surface of steel on one or both sides, and of any required thickness, in the course of their manufacture, viz., by piling together the iron and steel to form the pile or billet of which the sheet is produced by passing through the rolls. Patent abandoned.

2212. J. CHESTERTON. A new or improved method of constructing portable buildings. Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

The patentee constructs the wall or vertical sides of the said buildings of panels, plates, or sheets of zinc, iron, or other suitable metallic or non-metallic material, the said panels, plates, or sheets being either plain or corrugated, and to the vertical and horizontal edges of the said panels or plates he attaches, by riveting or otherwise, bars of angle iron. The invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2213. E. FIELD. A covering for the moustache or hairy parts of the face. Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

This consists in forming a covering for the moustache of shell, horn, ivory, bone, gutta-percha, or other suitable material, for the purpose of preventing particles of food clinging thereto. Patent completed.

2214. F. M. MURTON and J. MILLINGTON. Improvements in throttle and expansion valves for engines worked by steam or other vapour, or by liquid gases. Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

This consists in so constructing such valves, and of connecting them with the said governors, as that they shall possess a two-fold action, namely, to throttle the steam in its passage from the boiler or other reservoir of power, and also to work expansively to the speed at which the engine to such said valves or compound valve a combined recip is going. In other words, the patentees propose to impart rocating and rotatory motion, or differential action, the reciprocating motion being vertical, and the rotatory pleted. motion horizontal, or in opposite directions. Patent com

2215. W. C. SOMERVILLE. Improvements in apparatus for supplying locomotive tenders with water. Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

1860.

These improvements consist in causing a roving machine to be stopped when the cone belt or strap breaks, which is accomplished by causing a lever to act on a catch when the cone belt or strap breaks, so as to release the ordinary fork handle, which is then put in motion by a weight or spring, and thus is the driving strap moved off the fixed drum, and the roving machine is stopped. Patent completed. 2197. E. CLEMO. An improved mode of manufacturing stock for paper from straw and other vegetable substances. Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

This consists in the successive use of hydrate of soda, potash, or hydrate of lime, nitric acid, and hydrate or carbonate of soda or potash in the conversion of straw into pulp for the manufacture of paper. Patent abandoned.

2198. G. L. P. COOPMAN. New means and processes of tanning hides and skins, by which a graduated impermeability of leather is obtained. Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

The patentee claims, 1, the tanning hides and skins of all sorts and descriptions by the use of the sea onion or sea squill as a substitute for tannin and other substances. 2. The various preparations of the tanning matter and of the hides and skins as specified. Patent completed.

2199. J. C. DE LOUVRIE. Improvements in moulding without models. Dated Sept. 11, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2200. B. BAILLIE. An improved rifle range. Dated Sept. 12, 1860.

This consists in forming the sides and roof of palisades either entirely of flat iron, or corrugated and galvanized if necessary; or of wood faced with iron placed about three feet apart, and set inwards or towards the target at an f about 45° on plan. The floor is to be formed of ing, the spaces between being either filled up

an

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2205. R. H. GRATRIX and M. PARAF-JAVAL. Improrements in dyeing and printing textile materials and fabrics. Dated Sept. 12, 1860.

This consists in fixing colours derived from aniline or analogous substances into textile materials and fabrics (to produce patterns or designs) by tannin alone, or in combination, applied as a printing material. Patent completed. 2206. Provisional protection has not been granted for this invention.

2207. J. WRIGHT. Improvements in the construction of safety or Davy lamps. (A communication.) Dated Sept, 13, 1860.

This consists in forming the lamp so as to render it unnecessary, and, to a certain extent, without special apparatus, impossible to open after it has been put into the hands of the workmen. This lamp has the same form, and possesses the usual wire gauze chimney and top as the ordinary Davy; but in order to extinguish, or diminish, or increase the light by elevating or depressing the wick without taking off the chimney, the patentee adopts the following plan:-On the top of the oil reservoir is placed the wick bearer, which is formed with the usual serrated wheel, which, when turned, raises or lowers the wick; the millheaded button upon the end of the rack is formed with teeth which gear into a pinion attached to the inside of the chimney, so that when the latter is turned to the right or left, the pinion acting upon the rack raises or lowers the wick. The next part of the invention relates to the mode of fixing the chimney and cover to the oil reservoir so as to prevent their removal without special apparatus. Patent completed.

2208. J. WRIGHT. An improvement or improvements in the construction of boots and shoes. (A communication.) Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

The patentee claims, 1, the method of making the bottoms, or soles, with the vamps, or uppers of boots and shoes made (without passing the end and length of the unused thread through the parts united) by interlacing one loop of the thread with another, and extending through the said parts substantially, as described. 2. He claims, as a new article of manufacture, a boot or shoe in which the bottom and upper are united with stitches made (without passing the length and end of the enused thread through the parts

This consists in so constructing and arranging the feed latter, that the turning of the former into a position at right angles to the line of rails, so as to bring the muzzle thereof over the tenders, shall at the same time automatically open the communication with the supply pipe leading to the tank, and thus allow the water to flow, and that the swinging or turning back of the same into its original position shall close the said communication. Patent completed.

2216. G. DAVIES. Improrements in the processes of cementation or case hardening and softening iron. A communication.) Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

In carrying out this invention with reference to wrought iron, a mixture is to be formed of equal parts of any vegetable and animal matters, either solid, liquid, or gaseous, containing azote, the following being preferred, viz., for the vegetable matters, charcoal, soot, or waste from spinning cotton, flax, &c., and for the animal substances, woollen rags, woollen waste, flesh, horn, hide, or other similar matters. This mixture is enclosed in a gas retort in a proportion of from eight to twenty per cent. of the weight of the iron to be converted. and according to the quality of the latter, which is also placed in another vessel or chamber (also closed) in immediate communication with the gas retort, and at the same time with a gasometer, in order to cause an equal and regular pressure of the gas contained in the apparatus. The gas retort and the vessel containing the iron are placed over two furnaces, and the latter is to be heated to nearly a cherry redness, and the former to a less elevated degree. The gas thus produced (which the inventor calls cyanhydrate of ammonia) penetrates the pores of the metal expanded by the heat, and cementation takes place with a rapidity hitherto unknown, and steel is produced very superior in quality to that made from the same iron, even by the ordinary process. Patent completed.

2217. N. ROSINSKY. A new kind of oil for cosmetics, soaps, and other like articles for the toilet. Dated Sept. 13, 1860.

This consists in making oil from the yolk of eggs. Patent completed.

2218. F. A. CALVERT. Improvements in steam-engines and boilers, and in valves for steam and other fluids. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2219. F. SCHEITHAUER. An improved machine for printing calico and other fabrics. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

The main features of this machine consist in having the fabric which is to receive the impressions from suitable printing blocks formed into an endless web by sewing together both ends of the fabric, and having this endless web stretched lengthwise, and in the horizontal direction over the rollers or drums revolving in a strong longitudinal frame, the selvages of the fabric being fixed to the proper hooks forming part of the links of two endless chains encircling parts of the said drums, in order to impart a suitable revolving motion to them and to the endless web, in the interior of which latter is situated the printing table or board, while the printing blocks are suspended in a carriage which may be made to glide or roll to and fro on the top of the frame for bringing the said blocks alternately in contact with the colour tubs, and afterwards with those parts of the fabric which are to receive the impression. Patent completed.

2220. C. T. LAUNAY and A. M. A. DOMINE DE VERNEZ. Improvements in treating coal-naphtha and in apparatus employed therein. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

Here the patentees submit the raw or crude naphtha or light oil obtained by the distillation of coal-tar to the repeated action of sulphuric acid by causing the naphtha to pass through a series of vessels partly filled with the said acid. Patent completed.

2221. J. COOKE. Improvements in singeing, treating, or finishing textile fabrics, yarns, felts, and other similar materials. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This relates to certain means and mechanical arrangements for singeing and finishing one or both of the surfaces at the same time of textile fabrics, such as cords, velvets, calicoes, silks, woollen and other similar goods, and consists in mixing or combining inflammable gas, atmospheric air, decomposed steam, water, naphtha, or other gaseous liquid or liquids, or of using each or any of them (with the exception of coal gas, which has been used before separately) either hot or cold, forced at any required pressure by a fan, bellows, or other suitable apparatus, through the burners, so that the flame of the united gas or gases or compound may impinge on the surface or surfaces of the fabric or yarn. Patent completed. 2222. J. BURRELL, Improvements in the manufacture of woven materials applicable as crinoline or other articles of ladies' dress. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This consists in the combination of certain materials for the manufacture of a stiff and highly elastic fabric, and which is not liable to crumple or retain pleats or folds into which it may be pressed while in use. The materials used for this purpose are horse hair combined with worsted, or with worsted and silk, or other combinations of those materials. Patent abandoned.

2223. A. BURDESS. Improvements in railway brakes. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This consists in certain arrangements of parts receiving motion from the buffer rods, and transmitting it through a lever (or levers), the fulcrum or point of resistance of such lever being subject to the action of a spring or resilient force which yields on any violent force being applied through the buffer rod. Patent completed.

2224. J. H. JOHNSON, Improvements in apparatus for raising or lowering and weighing heavy bodies. (A communication.) Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This consists in the use of a vertical framing or standard fitted upon a bed-plate, and carrying the hoisting mechanism, and an overhead pulley for the hoisting chain to pass over. The lower portion of this framing or standard is fixed to the bed-plate, and the upper portion is hinged to the lower portion, so as to be capable of being turned down towards the bed-plate. The object of lowering this part of the standard is for the convenience of the apparatus being passed through a doorway. Set pins or bolts (when joints are used) may be used to fix the upper portion in an elevated position, or a ratchet wheel and detent in connection with the elevating pinion may be employed when a rack is used. The bed-plate is provided with travelling wheels to enable the whole to be easily transported from place to place. Patent completed.

2225. J. PETRIE. Improvements in steam boilers. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2226. L. TURNER. Improvements in the manufacture of elastic fabrics. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This consists in weaving a fabric of a combination of woollen yarns and india-rubber strands, which fabric has a surface the same as ordinary woollen cloth. Patent abandoned.

2227. T. TILL. Certain improvements in machinery for making nails, applicable in particular to the making of that description of nails called "horse nails." Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2228. P. PAUTARD. An improved apparatus for supplying air to persons in water and in mines or other places. (A communication.) Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

The inventor has designed an apparatus which may be used, 1, to enable a person to remain a certain time, say an hour, under water. 2. The apparatus may be used in wells, mines, and other places charged with mephitic or non-respirable gases. 3. It may be used to regulate the outlet of compressed gases. He takes a receiver, say in metal, and forces therein air compressed to from 20 to 30 atmospheres; a rigid wooden or other suitable plate of corresponding shape to the head of the receiver is connected to the receiver by a band of leather, caoutchouc, or other suitable fiexible material, and a stopper with grooves in it is attached to the inside of the plate and enters an outlet aperture in the top of the receiver; the compartment between the top of the receiver and the bottom of the plate contains air at the ordinary atmospheric pressure. A tube leads from an opening made in the top of the plate into a mask or inhaling apparatus and is fur· Dished with a valve; a passage is provided for the air

that is expired into a bag for the purpose. When inhaling a vacuum is being created in the compartment over the top of the receiver, wherefrom the air will escape through or round the plug to fill that compartment. And the form of apparatus to enable a person to remain a considerable time submerged in places where the atmosphere would not be fit for respiration, consists in similar arrangements to those before described, with the addition of a vase containing caustic potass, into which the air, after having been breated, is passed on its return to the compartment at the top of the compressed air receiver, in order to free it from its carbonic acid. For a compressed oxygen receiver he fits over the top plate applied to the first apparatus described, a plate with holes through it opening into another compartment, the top of which is made with perforations. The upper compartment has an india-rubber dise fitted all over it which alternately plays against the bottom and top of the coinpartment in which it is placed. To fill the receivers, he screws them on a closed vessel, and by pumping water into this vessel the water drives the air through a valve in the bottom of the receiver. Patent completed.

2229. P. A. BEDDAT. A new propellor. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2230. J. P. DUSTERWALD. An improved forcing pump for raising beer and other liquids. Dated Sept. 14, 1860. This consists in producing a pressure upon beer, &c., for raising the same from the collars to the upper floors. The pressure is obtained by carbonic acid gas produced by salts used for manufacturing artificial gaseous drinks. Patent abandoned. Apparatus for goffering felt or cloth hats, or other analogous articles. (A communication.) Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

2231. W. E. GEDGE.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2232. W. E. GEDGE. Improvements in ornamenting glass with coloured designs or pictures in imitation of stained or painted glass. (A communication.) Sept. 11, 1860.

Dated

The inventor produces upon a sheet of transparent and colourless gelatinous matter a picture or design, and spreads this sheet (coated with some transparent and colourless resinous preparation) upon a sheet of glass of equal dimensions; he then applies a new surface compound of different pieces of sheets of coloured gelatine cut in accordance with the contour or ontline of the design. When this last process is complete, the surface is coated with the same resinous preparation as first used, and covered with a second glass of the same size as the first. The whole is then placed in the press, and shortly forms a solid and unalterable body. Lithography, photography, and the brush form the shades, and gelatine produces the tints and colours as brilliant and as well blended as those of stained glass. Patent abandoned.

9233. R. MUSHET. An improvement or improvements in the manufacture of cast-steel. Dated Sept. 14, 1860. The essence of this invention consists in melting in pots or crucibles, blister-steel, bar-steel, scrap-steel, puddle-steel, or cast-steel of any description, broken or cut up or granulated for remelting, together with ores of titanium containing, besides titanic acid, a large proportion of oxide of iron, such for example as iserine, and ilmenite, and which titanium ores have been deoxidized previously to their addition to and melting with the steel. Patent completed.

2234. N. H. HALL. Improved apparatus for winding up clocks or timekeepers. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This consists in securing upon the end of the shaft of the main spring or axis of the weight lines or cords, grooved wheels or pulleys that are provided with teeth or pawls upon the sides thereof, taking into ratchet wheels mounted upon the same axis, to which motion is communicated upon the opening of the door through the medium of a connecting line, cord, &c. Patent abandoned.

2235. M. HENRY. The employment of a certain sorting process for silk and other fibrous materials, and an apparatus for the purpose of performing the same. Dated Sept. 14, 1860.

This invention has for its object certain mechanical means of enabling the manufacturer to use with advantage threads, yarns, or filaments of silk or other fibrous materials of irregular thickness, by sorting or classifying the same by weight in suitable lengths, and thereby obtaining them in parcels of sufficient uniformity. Patent completed.

2236. W. SCHNELL. Improvements in the manufacture of lucifer-matches. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

be formed of two metal plates placed parallel and strongly joined together. The openings are furnished with metal frames or casings having rabbets formed in them. The floors are made of T form iron pieces, adjusted to the castiron frames by bearings, so as to be supported on each of the two sides of the same case. Patent completed.

Im

2239. G. J. WAINWRIGHT and C. T. BRADBURY. provements in the manufacture of damasks and similar fancy goods. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

This consists in the use of two or more threads of weft in weaving damasks, not twisted together beyond what is unavoidable, both of the said threads being shot over by one passage of the shuttle. Patent completed.

2240. M. BURKE. An improved spring sacking or foundation for a bed mattrass or other like article, especially adapted for ship's use, barracks, hospitals, and military camps, applicable also for domestic dwellings. Sept. 15, 1860.

Dated

This consists in connecting together by dovetail joints two side and end pieces of wood, the end pieces being considerably deeper than the side pieces; at the upper part of each of the end pieces the patentee forms a number of curved recesses, into which fit or rest loosely by their ends a corresponding number of stripes or lengths of wood, or other flexible material, of elliptical shape as regards their sections. The uppermost part of the ends of the strips are covered over by flat pieces of wood, conneted to the upper end of each of the end pieces; the sacking or foundation thus formed is now ready to receive the bed mattress or other like article, and constitutes a flexible sacking or foundation. Patent completed.

2241. G. DAVIES. Improvements in lamps for burning coal oil and other like combustible fluids, part of which improvements is applicable to gas fittings. (A communication.) Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

This consists in providing the lower flange of the hollow cone or air deflector enclosing the upper end of the wick tube, and upon which the flared end of the chimney rests, with a number of ribs or corrugations, so as to form a number of air passages round and beneath the lower flared end or edge of the chimney. It also consists of a method of securing the chimnies or shades of such lamps, by the peculiar application of a spring bolt or catch. Patent completed.

2242. G. F. BRADBURY and J. J. KING. Improvements in binding and folding guides in sewing machines. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

This consists in so forming the guide that, upon the binding entering the guide it shall assume the form of about two-thirds of a circle, or any other similar or slightly varied form which may be more suitable. Patent abandoned.

2243. J. HORSEY. Improvements in india-rubber teats. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

These improvements consist, 1, in giving a novel shape to teats made of india-rubber, or in forming a new teat of india-rubber as hereafter explained; and 2, in a means of strengthening india-rubber teats. The patentee carries his first improvement into effect by taking an indiarubber teat as ordinarily made, or made as hereafter described, and previous to vulcanizing it he rolls up the ring on the bottom edge towards the top, and leaves it so rolled for about ten hours and upwards; he then unrolls it, when an indentation will appear in the teat resembling the form of a natural nipple. If left without preparation the teat would tend to resume, and probably would resume the shape in which it was first formed, that is, from the ring upward or forward there would be but a plain tubular shape. In order, however, to cause the teat to preserve indefinitely the shape imparted by the rolling up of the ring thereon he subjects it to a vulcanizing process. To carry the second improvement into effect he covers over a teat, after having been formed in the usual manner in india-rubber, and previously to vulcanizing it, with a second "cap" of india-rubber, and secures the lower edge of the coating to the ring by means of a solution of india-rubber; or he lines the teat with an additional cap of india-rubber; and when lining the teat he first turns the teat inside out so that the lining may overlap the points of contact between the ring and tubular part of the teat; and whether he applies the cap as a coat or as a lining, he afterwards vulcanizes "cures" or "converts." By means of the additional cap the ring obtains all round two points of attachment, and is prevented from being torn away from the body or tubular part of the teat. Patent completed.

2244. F. SEILER. Improvements in compressing air or other gas, which may be transferred by tubes for raising water, and for various other purposes. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2238. A. TRONCHON. Improvements in constructing iron and cast-iron dwelling-houses. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

This consists in using cases about 20 inches in height in the foom of a rectangular parallelogram of cast iron, corresponding to walls of 20, 16, or 8 inches in thickness, according to the height and size of the house to be made. These cases are without a bottom and are superposed like free stones. The large openings are formed by cases supported by internal frames, aud these cases form the thickness of the walls. To avoid the too great expansion of the iron by heat, and also its sonorousness, the spaces between the sides of the cases are filled with earth, sand, or other suitable substances. The internal walls and partitions may

The object of one part of this invention is to obtain compressed air from the flowing and ebbing of the tide to be used close to or at a distance from the tideway or inland. And of anotner part to apply the compressed air in apparatuses hereafter described. The invention is based upon the different densities of fluids, and by substituting some for others in closed vessels and in vessels open at bottom, the patentee obtains a power which may be used as required. For this purpose he makes use of vessels which with one or other by means of a tube or tubes provided with taps and valves free to be opened or closed at will. For obtaining compressed air he fixes a vessel closed at top and open at bottom in a tideway on the ground. When the tide is out air enters the vessel, and as the tide rises it compresses the air therein, and at high water the greatest amount of pressure will be exerted, and the air may then be taken for use through a pipe fitted with a stop-cook rising from the top of the submerged vessel. Patent completed.

2245. W. RUMBOLD. An improved mode of constructing domes. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

This consists in constructing the domes of buildings of arched ribs resting upon the wall plate and against a ring or eye at the apex. To neutralise the thrust of these arched ribs, bands are firmly fastened at intervals on the extracdos of the said arches, whereby the thrust of the

whole dome is transformed to a tensile strain upon these bands. To prevent the arched ribs from buckling or springing under the crushing strain to which they are exposed, the above-mentioned bands are firmly fastened to each rib, whereby they are caused to sustain each other; other bands are also placed in the intracdos of the arches, which are fastened in a like manner, and sustain the lower end of the rib in its proper position. Patent abandoned.

2246. W. E. GEDGE. Improvements in the manufacture of manure. (A communication.) Dated Sept. 15, 1860. This manure is manufactured by mixing, in certain proportions, fresh blood, salt of lead, and quick lime, heating the same to a requisite temperature, and finally drying the same in an oven or stove. Patent abandoned.

2247. J. M. NAPIER. Improvements in machinery for the manufacture of sugar. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

The specification of this invention is exceedingly elaborate, and cannot be quoted here at sufficient length for an intelligible abstract. Patent completed.

2248. T. BARNETT. Improvements in high-pressure steam-engines. Dated Sept. 15, 1860.

The patentee proposes using two cylinders, the first of which exhausts its steam through a pipe into the second, which is to be of about double the area of the first; thus the steam passes from one cylinder to the other, and thereby greatly economises fuel. Patent completed.

569. H. A. Silver, Silvertown, Essex, manufacturer, and II. Griffin, same place, Engineer. Improvements in the manufacture of insulators and other articles in india-rubber, which are required to retain a shape once given to them, in curing hard rubber, ebonite, or vulcanite goods, in moulding india-rubber articles, in the construction of cellular fabrics in india-rubber, and in forming articles partly of soft and partly of hard rubber, or ebonite, or vulcanite, and in varnishes for india-rubber goods.

571. A. D. Martin and P. V. du Trembley, Rouen, France, civil engineers. Improvements in apparatus for communicating sound-signals.

573. J. Hodgson, Back-lane, Newton Moor Hyde, near Manchester. Improvements in the pistons of steam engines, and in the buckets and plungers for pumps.

Dated March 7, 1861.

574. W. Wild, Bury, Lancaster, cotton spinner. Certain improvements in machinery or apparatus to be employed in the preparation of cotton and other fibrous materials for spinning, called slubbing frames and roving frames.

575. W. E. Wiley, 34 Great Hampton-street, Birmingham, pen and pencil case manufacturer. An improvement or improvements in ornamenting surfaces. 576. A. G. Brade, Paris, civil engineer.

Improvements

in preserving animal or vegetable matters. (Partly a communication.)

577. W. Pidding, Borough-road, Southwark, gentleman. Improvements in preserving the aroma and other properties of coffee and cocoa from the effects of the atmosphere. 579. T. W. Evans, M.D., 15 Rue de la Paix, Paris. Improvements in telegraphic cables.

580. N. A. Pouard, Rue de L'Orillon, Paris, mechanician. Improvements in brakes for railway rolling stock.

581. W. E. Newton, Chancery-lane. Improvements in the manufacture of yarns or threads. (A communication.) 582. J. Edwards, Horace-terrace, Shepherdess-walk. Improvements in the construction of carriage wheels.

583, G. Hollands, Rochester, brewer. Improvements in the mode of, and apparatus used in, the process of fermentation.

584. W. Clark, Chancery-lane. Improvements in warp

ing, dressing, and finishing threads, and in apparatus for the same. (A communication.)

Dated March 8, 1861.

585. B. Britten, Barrington-road, Brixton, gentleman. Improvements in projectiles for rifled ordnance.

586. J. H. Johnson, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Improvements in cravats or coverings for the throat and chest, and in the fastenings for the same, which fastenings are applicable to various other parts of dress. (A communication.)

557. R. Leake, jun., Manchester, engraver to calico printers, and W. Shields, same place, engineer. Improvements in machinery for engraving, stamping, or embossing cylinders and other surfaces used in printing and embossing fabrics and other materials.

589. P. Doury, Rethel, France. Improvements in rifled or smooth-barrelled arms, discharging projectiles forcibly propelled or not, and loaded by the breech.

Dated March 9, 1861.

590. T. W. Davenport and S. Cole, Moseley, King's Norton, manufacturers. Improvements in the manufacture of holders or handles for pens, pencils, and artists' or painters' brushes.

592. H. B. Barlow, Manchester. Improvements in apparatus for preventing the explosion of steam-boilers. (A communication.)

593. J. Jacob, Golden-square. Improvements in the mode of, and apparatus for, obtaining gas, and the application thereof for domestic, manufacturing, and other purposes. (A communication.)

594. M. Meyers, Great Alie-street, umbrella and parasol manufacturer. Improvements in woven fabrics. 595. W. H. Buckland, Barge-yard, Bucklersbury, gentleman. Improvements in the manufacture of iron, Dated March 11, 1861.

596. J. C. Fisher, Padfield, Derby, cotton spinner. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for preparing and spinning fibrous materials.

597. J. Bunnett, Deptford, engineer. Improvements in the manufacture of bricks and tiles, and in machinery for that purpose.

599. A. Myers, Hutchinson-street, Houndsditch. Improvements in the manufacture of boots, particularly adapted for ladies' wear.

600. G. W. Baker, Park-nook, Quorndon, Derby, land agent. Improved apparatus for arresting the progress of railway accidents.

601. J. H. Johnson, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Improvements in life-belts and swimming-belts. (A communication.) 602. J. T. Hutchings, Charlton, Kent, boot and shoe manufacturer. Improvements in the manufacture of boots, shoes, and other coverings for the feet, and in tools for cutting the soles of such articles.

603. W. Tillie, Londonderry, manufacturer. Improvements in machinery for making frills.

604. J. Hirst, jun., Dobcross, Saddleworth, merchant, and J. Hollingworth, same place, mechanic. Improvements in means or apparatus employed in weaving.

Dated March 12, 1861.

605. J. Tomlinson, Kegworth, Leicester, saddler and harness maker. An improved buckle-plate or apparatus used for attaching and detaching horses when in harness, or for other purposes to which the same may be applicable. 606. A. S. Stocker, Wolverhampton, manufacturer. Improvements in the manufacture of rails for railways. 607. T. F. Griffiths, Birmingham, manufacturer. Improvements in machinery for raising or shaping metals. 608. A. Aerts, Place Verte, Anvers, Belgium, engineer. Improvements in apparatus for lubricating the moving parts of machinery."

609. E. Frementin and M. Aubonnet, Bordeaux, gentlemen. Improved apparatus for cutting wood for lucifer matches.

610. G. L. Ripamonti, Bordeaux, optician. Improvements in the nautical compass.

611. W. Perry, Wednesbury, roll turner. Certain improvements in the manufacture of gun-barrels.

612. R. H. Gratrix, Salford, dyer. Improvements in dyeing and printing textile materials and fabrics.

2825. M. A. J. Dahmen. Paper.

2826. G. Glover. Measuring gas.

2828. J. H. Radcliffe. Oiling vessels. 2837. O. Vandenburg. Projectiles.

2842. R. A. Brooman. Stoppers for bottles, &c. (A communication.)

2843. J. Hamilton, jun. Telegraph posts. 2854. J. Howden. Steam-engines and boilers. 2860. T. H. Keble. Fire-arms.

2866. J. Venables. Ornamenting earthenware. 2879. T. Hale and A. Wall. Furnaces.

2885. S. Walker. jun. Metallic tubes.

2889. J. Fowler, jun., R. Burton, and D. Greig. Raising, lowering, and hauling weights.

2900. G. Mackenzie and J. Hamilton.

Bobbins.

2904. I. Sharp and W. Bulmer. Bricks, tiles, &c.

2906. G. Ennis. Oyster dredger.
2936. T. Cole and D. Gardner. Looms.

3051. G. S. Harwood. Drying, stretching, and tentering cloths. (A communication.)

3078. W. E. Newton. Pavement. (A communication.) 3088. A. Kinder. Cutting wood.

3141. T. Hunt. Supplying steam generators with water. 155. M. Henry. Corks, &c. (A communication.) 364. C. F. Atkinson. Collars and wristbands. 464. A. Duriez and S. Emsley. Preparing fibres. 468. J. Warren. Chaff-cutting machines. 489. E. Ettrick. Furnaces.

556. E. Whittaker and J. Clare. Preparing fibres. 569. H. A. Silver and H. Griffin. Insulators; curing rubber goods, moulding india-rubber; cellular fabrics in india-rubber, and varnishes for india-rubber goods. 593. J. Jacob. Gas. (A communication.)

595. W. H. Buckland. Iron.

597. J. Bunnett. Bricks and tiles.

685. J. J. O. Taylor. Separation of matters from steel. The full titles of the patents in the above list can be ascertained by referring back to their numbers in the list of provisional protections previously published.

Opposition can be entered to the granting of a patent to any of the parties in the above list who have given notice of their intention to proceed, within twenty-one days from the date of the Gazette in which the notice appears, by leaving objection to the application. at the Commissioners' office particulars in writing of the

LIST OF SEALED PATENTS.
Sealed March 22, 1861.

s d s d 3 2000 0 9 2010 0 3

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NOTE.-Specifications will be forwarded by post from the Great Seal Patent Office (publishing department) on receipt of the amount of price and postage. Sums exceeding 5s. must be remitted by Post Office Order, made payable at the Post Office, High Holborn, to Mr. Bennet Woodcroft, Great Seal Patent Office.

TO INVENTORS AND PATENTEES.

MESSRS.

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Civil Engineers

AND PATENT AGENTS,

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166 FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. Undertake to obtain Patents for Inventions

Provisional Protection for Six Months (the preliminary step in securing a Patent), obtained for the United Kingdom at a cost of £10 108. Personal attendance in London not necessary.