The Mechanics' Magazine and Journal of Engineering, Agricultural Machinery ...

ORDERS have been received at Colchester from the Horse Guards, directing commanding officers of corps to make immediate requisitions for arms, accoutrements, clothing, and other requirements which may arise from the increased establishments of regiments. The 2nd Battalion 14th Regiment is to be increased from 500 rank and file to 700; the 27th from 500 to 800 rank and file; and the 2nd Dragoon Guards, by upwards of 100 rank and file. A special army circular has been issued in reference to re-engagements. Men re-entering the service, either ou re-engagement or re-enlistment, are in future to be permitted, under certain conditions, to reckon their former service towards good conduct pay and pension.

MR. WELLS, the aeronaut, who has for some weeks past been making balloon ascents from the Gymnasium and Powderhall Running Grounds, Edinburgh, has been in communication with the Prussian Government in regard to the employment of his balloon for military purposes. His proposals having been entertained, Mr. Wells, in obedience to a telegraphic summons from a Prussian agent, left last night for London, with the intention of proceeding forthwith to the seat of war. The aeronaut reckons that, with the balloon recently constructed by himself at the Gymnasium, he can make captive ascents to the height of about two miles, thus attaining a position from which observations may be made as to military movements over a wide extent of country.-"Scotsman."

our own.

666

asked Thursday, (admission 6d.), from 10 a.m. till 6 p.m., 1,236; Meyrick and other galleries, 157; total, 24,536. Average of corresponding week in former years, 18,347. Total from opening of Museum, 9,730,156.

the rate of seven knots. The "Captain
permission to disconnect, as she had some distance
to get up to the Admiral, and the "Hercules
did the same; the screws were then down, and the
ship going eight knots under all plain sail and
royals. They were soon close to the Admiral,
when the signal was made, Hercules' and Cap-
tain' try rate of sailing on a south course." The
"Hercules," being on the port bow of the "Cap-
tain," altering course two points to starboard
brought the latter astern of her. Both ships made
all sail, and port stunsails, just as much as could be
carried, and in 24 hours the "Hercules" made out
that she gained on the "Captain" 400 yards, but a
great part of this was due to altering the course,
and the fact that in consequence of the "Captain's '
foretopmast stunsail boom having been sprung, she
had to shift it before the topmast stunsail could be
set, which gave the "Hercules" the advantage over
her of this large and telling sail for some time; in
fact, it may fairly be considered that neither ship
had anything to boast of over the other, and their
speed was as nearly equal as possible. The two
ships appeared to fly away from the rest of the fleet,
which was pressing on under all sail in columns,
and both would soon have been out of sight had not
the recall been made. In running back to retake
station the "Captain " had the advantage, and was
in station first. People were much surprised to
find this ship with her twin screw sail so well, and
she is fairly quite equal to the "Hercules" in speed
under sail, and always under command and handy.
On one occasion when ordered to change starboard
divisions to port, which is rather an intricate
manoeuvre, the " Captain" was the only ship that
did it without steam except the "Inconstant."
the midst of all these sailing trials, however, the
more important point of practice in working the
enormous 600-pounder guns was not neglected, and
on August 8, Admiral Yelverton spent some time on
board the "Captain," seeing the turrets and guns
worked and fired with shot and shell, with the same
satisfactory results that have been previously re-
ported.

A CORRESPONDENT of the "Cologne Gazette"
says:-"The advanced guard of the Southern Army
have to undergo excessive fatigues. They are
always marching, repulsing the enemy wherever he
shows himself. And after the fight there is no rest.
Like the hurricane, we are always in motion.
There are soldiers of the line who have not un-
dressed for eight or ten days, and have known no
other bed since they crossed the French frontier
than a bivouac in the open air in the mud and rain.
The cavalry hardly leave their saddies, and the
poor horses are so fatigued that they fling them-
selves on the ground as soon as there is a halt.
AN Austrian Imperial Staff officer, who, as a
They are as emaciated also as cab horses, and many
are already past service. But the bulk of them hold looker-on, is taking part in the present campaign,
out and can still keep on their legs. The East has contributed a long article on this subject to the
Prussian animals, with Arab blood in their veins, German Generals in taking the initiative, and the
"Wiener Presse." He attributes the energy of the
have the most stamina and best endure the toils of impetuosity of their soldiers in bayonet charges, to
the campaign. Horses from Hanover, Oldenburg, the patriotic spirit which has from the first been
Mecklenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, and Pomerania
are not so good. We have tried to replace our
strikingly manifested. The enthusiasm and confi-
worn-out horses by those taken from the enemy, trains bore them to the theatre of war, sang "Was
dence of superiority with which the troops, as the
especially when we could get any of Algerianist des Deutschen Vaterland?" or the "Wacht am
origin, but they are in a still more pitiful state than Rhein" and the plaudits which they, received from
The bulk of the French cavalry are much their countrymen en route, almost, he says, over-
weakened, and the horses past service."
came his neutrality. This high-pitched feeling in-
So many advantages are possessed by carded duced numbers to volunteer for active service, in
oakum as a surgical dressing for war purposes that order that older and less efficient men might be
we expect it to be largely employed in the military transferred to the Landwehr, or altogether excused,
hospitals of France and Germany during the present but the latter could seldom be persuaded to accept
war. As, however, its qualities are not yet so the proffered boon. One veteran who had thus
widely known as they should be, it may be useful at gone back to his home returned the next day, the
the present juncture to refer to them. The material formation of a committee for the support of soldiers'
is simply old rope shredded in prisons and work-families having set all his anxieties at rest. As to
houses, and carded by machinery. It is of a bright physique, the gigantic stature of the Prussian
brown colour, with the well-known tarry fragrance. Guards is very striking to persons accustomed to
A little of the oakum is roughly drawn into a French or Austrian infantry. Their bodily strength
suitable shape for covering the wound, then wetted, usually corresponds, and these semi-giants handle
and applied to it. All discharge is absorbed by the like a walking-stick the needle-gun, which a French
dressing, and any bad odour is effectually destroyed. soldier could with difficulty drag along for a mile.
By dipping it into hot water, and covering it with The other troops, though not so tall as the Guards,
oil-silk, a convenient antiseptic poultice is formed, far surpass Austrian, French, and Italian soldiers
easily made, very light, and answering perfectly its in physical development, as they certainly do also
purpose. It thus supersedes the use of lint, oint- intellectually. No weaklings are to be discerned in
ments, and linseed-meal or bread poultices. It is their ranks. Their equipment and knapsack, often
easily burnt-no small advantage in a crowded the cause of more mortality than the sword, are too
hospital, where bad-smelling applications are a heavy for the field, yet they do not seem to oppress
fertile source of disease if not quickly destroyed. the North Germans, nor to interfere with the proper
Its simplicity of application saves much time and elasticity of their muscles. Their artillery excels the
labour-a great consideration where the nursing French, the latter being deficient in theoretical and
staff is overtaxed, as must always happen after practical instruction. Their infantry divisions are
serious engagements. Its cheapness is another each provided with four batteries, whereas the
great advantage. Carded oakum can be procured, French have only three, an advantage not to be
we believe, for something like 9d. per lb., about a overlooked when battles are decided more by can-
fifth or sixth of the cost of lint. In America, during non than by any other weapons. After noticing
the civil war, carded oakum was largely employed. the rigid discipline which exists, and the efficiency
It has also been in use for some years at the and rapidity with which recruits are drilled, -the
Children's Hospital in Great Ormond-street, and at educational advantages of North Germany contribut-
St. George's, during the last twelvemonth, its use ing to this,--the writer expresses his belief that
has superseded other dressings in the hands of troops animated with such patriotic feelings, and
several members of the surgical staff. Mr. T. led by the best-instructed officers in Europe, will
Westhorp manufactures the machine-picked oakum continue to be victorious. The Prussian Generals,
at the Falcon Works, West India-road.-"Lancet." he adds, understand the "new tactics" of winning
REPORTS received from the Channel Fleet at battles, by pressing forward their columns and
Gibraltar give continued good accounts of the per- joining vigorously in the struggle, and rivalry and
formance of the "Captain," the latest addition to dissension are unknown among them, the one
our iron-clad fleet. This ship has proved herself an object of all being victory.
economical cruiser under steam, or under steam and
sail, keeping her station in line without
hardly ever moving her engines, and one day
she kept her station without moving her en-
gines once. A few days before arriving at Gib-
raltar the "Captain " had a trial of speed under
sail with the Hercules," the finest and latest of

Eliscellanea.

A STEAM paving machine has recently been introduced in Paris, and made use of by the municipality for the repair of the streets of that city. This machine consists of a small steam-engine on wheels, drawn by one horse, to the rear of which is attached the "pavior," which is forced upon the ground by a blow from the piston, and slides on a bar some Cft. long, and can thus be directed by the driver to any stone which requires forcing home. The machine was lately at work in the Rue de Grenelle, and is considered a success.

MR. JOSIAH MASON, of Birmingham, who twelve months ago founded the Erdington Orphanage, at a cost of nearly £250,000, has now in contemplation another public work of great importance, namely, a college and schools for scientific and technical instruction, open to all classes, and, if the hopes of the founder should be realised, capable of expansion into one of the noblest institutions in the kingdom. As yet the plan is only broadly formed; but as a beginning Mr. Mason has agreed to buy a large block of land in Edmund-street, exactly facing Ratcliffe-place, between the Town Hall and the Institute. The purchase money, we believe, is

more than £20,000.

The

AT the last meeting of the Hackney District Board of Works, Dr. Tripe, the medical officer of the district, reported that he had visited a factory belonging to a Mr. Barnes, at Hackney-wick, where was a furnace fitted up for burning "dead oil that is to say, an oil which is given off during the latter stages of the distillation of gas tar. oil, however, burnt at Mr. Barnes' works he discovered was not "dead oil," but a similar product, which is pumped up with water from a deep well in the factory, and resembles impure rock-oil. believed it was the only instance of a natural oilspring in England. It was very probable that an offensive smeil was given off at times from this furnace, as, unless constant care were exercised, too large a quantity of the oil might be carried into the furnace fire, and part of it pass off unburnt.

ON Saturday an exhibition of quite a novel character was opened at the new building called the Palais Royal, Argyle-street, Oxford-circus. It is an exhibition of a talking machine, which by meresembling those of a human being. It is the inchanical appliances is made to give forth utterances vention of Professor Faber, of Vienna, and has been constructed and patented by him, and is certainly a wonderful specimen of human ingenuity. It is true, the question may arise, where is the utility of it, seeing that every man, woman, and child possesses a talking machine, more or less perfect, of his or her own. But the machine has its utility nevertheless, for it illustrates a much neglected science of acoustics. Moreover, it is highly interesting as showing how far ingenuity may go. The machine has a mouth, with tongue and lips, which are set in motion by a mechanical apparatus which sets free a portion of air from a large bellows, and so controls it as to produce the sound required. It pronounced, with great clearness, every letter of the alphabet, many words, and a few sentences perfectly; not merely set words, but any words the audience chose to name. It also laughed, and uttered other cries expressive of human passions, to the astonishment, apparently, of every one who heard it.

IN a paper addressed to the Academy of Science, MM. Rabuteau and Peyre gave a description of a plant which grows in the vicinity of the French settlement of Gaboon, and which the natives call m'boondoo. They had gathered it themselves in a moist soil, in the neighbourhood of the River Como, at 30 leagues from the frontier. It is very difficult to procure because the sorcerers of the country conceal the plant with great care from the profane, so that its properties are still in a great measure a mystery. The roots vary in thickness between three centimetres and one (a centimetre is four-tenths of an inch); their length varies between 50 and 70. Their rind, whether fresh or dry, is reddish outside and a vivid red within; the root itself is mere hard wood. Both this and its bark are exceedingly bitter: their infusions, even when considerably diluted, still retain this taste to a high degree. They yield abundant precipitates even when treated either by iodide of potassium or phosphe-molybdic acid; whence it may be concluded that they contain at least one, if not several alkaloids. The effects produced upon animals may be briefly stated as follows:-When a very weak dose is injected under the skin of a frog, the poison only produces constraint in the limbs, a sort of paralysis, which prevents the creature from leaping easily, and makes it crawl like a toad. But notwithstanding this substance does not act like woorali, since the power of muscular contraction is not impaired when the operator excites the nerves. With a dose of three milligr., the extract, introduced under the skin, after causing the constraint alluded to, brings on tetanic convulsions, when the animal

THE number of visitors to the South Kensington Museum during the week ending August 27, 1870, our broadside frigates that has been tried. Both was on Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday ships were ordered to close the Admiral, fires (free), from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., 17,540; Meyrick banked, the fleet then running with the wind aft at and other galleries, 5,603; on Wednesday and is touched, or the table on which it lies is struck

with the hand or otherwise. Nevertheless, the crea- concert. On Thursday an excursion will be made ture does not become rigid as when poisoned with to Runcorn-bridge and Widnes, Chester, Ruabon, strychnine; and if it has received a weak dose, it Llangollen, Llandudno, to the Docks on the Mersey, will recover in the course of a few hours when put the Coast, &c., Earlstown, Wigan, and Crewe. into water. Hence it may be concluded that the Among those who have accepted invitations to be poison is rapidly eliminated from the animal eco-present at the unveiling of the statue of the Prime nomy.-" Galignaui." Minister are Sir J. Bowring, LL.D., Mr. W. H.

ON Saturday, the 20th, the Duke of Sutherland returned to Dunrobin Castle from his inspection of the Norwegian narrow-gauge railways, which his Grace has just made in company with Mr. Fowler, of Braemore. Upwards of 100 miles of railway on the 3ft. 6in. gauge have been constructed in Norway by Mr. Carl Pehl, the Government engineer, and they have been most successful for the light traffic of that country in their economical construction and the convenience of their smaller carriages and waggons. The supporters of this system have no doubt that, if the northern parts of Scotland could have had the advantage of such a cheap description of railways, a much greater extent of the country would before now have been supplied with railway accommodation. The average cost per mile, including plant, is about £4,000, and the works of the railway and stations and the quality of the plant are said to be all that could be desired for public convenience. On the afternoon of his Grace leaving Christiania the authorities of the town requested that he would review the Fire Brigade, which, with his usual kindness, the Duke immediately consented to do. The arrangements of the brigade at Christiania are unusually efficient for a town of 60,000 inhabitants. A body of 52 firemen under Captain Andersen are on daily duty, and a body of 1,300 trained volunteers are quickly available (on a signal of guns firing) to work the fireengines. From the central office in the marketplace a telegraph communicates with three main stations, and 36 subsidiary ones are in different parts of the town. The review consisted in calling out the fireman and engines from each station to the site of an imaginary fire near the University, where all the operations of water supply thrown on a model house, ascending by ladders, sending them down fire escapes, &c., were gone through with great energy and rapidity. Captain Andersen and his crew were delighted with his Grace's practical knowledge of everything connected with their work, and they expressed their gratification that they had been reviewed by one who had done so much to encourage improvement in the machines for saving life and property from fire. On the conclusion of the review, which exhibited much smartness of drill, the men were drawn up in line, and at the suggestion of their captain gave three hearty cheers for the Duke of Sutherland. His Grace and Mr. Fowler returned to Scotland by the Messrs. Hendersen's steamer the "Scotia," and had an excellent passage from Christiania to Leith." Inverness Courier."

Flower, F.R.S., Professor Huxley, LL.D., Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir Roderick Murchison, the Hon. F. Kinnaird, M.P., Professor Rolleston, Professor Jevons, Professor Roscoe, Mr. C. Vignoles, C.E., Sir Joseph Whitworth, Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Belcher, K.C.B., &c.

Patents for Juventions.

ABRIDGED SPECIFICATIONS OF

PATENTS.

keys, so that the "touch" is lightened and rendered uniform throughout the whole range of keys, and is not admitting the greater quantities of wind than for the necessarily heavier for the large valves required for lower or bass notes.-Patent abandoned.

371

grain. Dated February 9, 1870. A. B. CHILDS, Mark-lane, E.C. Decorticating

cylinders

This machine is composed of an inner and outer cylinder or conical cylinders, or a series of cylinders or conical made in pairs, that is, one made to fit over and around the other of each pair. The with grooves around their circumferences and made to fit cleaning or working surfaces of the cylinders are furnished and work in each other with sufficient space left between the grooved surfaces of the cylinders for the passage of the grain for cleaning and other purposes. The cylinders are made of cast-iron in segments or sections and bolted together, or of other metals if desired, or they may be made of perforated sheet, metal, or wire cloth, in part or entirely by attaching the cloth: o a suitable skeleton of metal frame-work made to form the outlines of the cylinders.-Patent completed.

372 R. C. CUTTING and A. MASON, Boston, U.S.A. Com passes. Dated February 9, 1820.

This consists in placing three or more magnets horiTIE Abridged Specifications of Patents given below are zontally, or nearly so, around, or partially around, the classified, according to the subject to which the respective compass, and near thereto and either above, below, or on inventions refer, in the following table. By the system a level with the compass and in combination, connection, or proximity with an equal number of other magnets of classification adopted, the numerical and chronological order of the specifications is preserved and combined with placed parallel with the first-mentioned magnets, each of all the advantages of a division into classes. It should be the other magnets being placed with its north pole sively for this Magazine from official copies supplied by placed either in contact with or parted from the magnet understood that these abridgments are prepared exclu-pointing in the opposite direction to the north pole of the magnet, with which it is placed parallel, and being the Government, and are, therefore, the property of the Proprietors of this Magazine. Other papers are hereby with which it is placed parallel, but preferably in the warned not to produce them without an acknowledge same vertical plane and in contact.-Patent abandoned. ment:

BOILERS AND FURNACES-422

BUILDINGS AND BUILDING MATERIALS-393, 421

429

CHEMISTRY AND PHOTOGRAPHY-375, 376, 383, 415, 424, CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL, including agricultural implements and machines- $74, 371, 416, 419, 426, 432, 434 ELECTRICAL APPARATUS-409 FIBROUS FABRICS, including machinery for treating fibre pulp, paper, &c.-298, 386, 390, 392, 394, 395. 401, 402, 405, 410, 417, 420, 423

FOOD AND BEVERAGES, including the apparatus for paring food for men and aninials-377, 389, 430 FURNITURE AND APPAREL, including household utensils, time-keepers, jewellery, musical instruments, &c. 369, 387, 396, 400, 408, 413

373 T. A. WARRINGTON, Carlton-road, N.E. Copying presses. Dated February 9, 1870.

This consists in a combination of plates, collar screws or rivets, springs, and inclined planes, which are actuated by a double-handled or other lever for the purpose of

forming a press for copying letters and documents, and which may also be used for other purposes.-Patent abandoned.

374 J. TENWICK, Grantham. Holding reaping machine fingers. Dated February 9, 1870.

The finger is made in the ordinary way except that the pre-inventor makes a mortice on each side of the finger where the knife works. Into each of these mortices he inserts a piece of hardened steel to form the cutting edge of the finger, against which the knife works, and makes the pieces of steel and the mortices upon each side of the Anger in such a form that they keep themselves perfectly tight without the aid of any screw, bolt, nut, or any foreign substance whatever. The pieces of steel can be removed, sharpened, or renewed at any time without in the slightest degree damaging the body of the finger. In the bottom side of the slot in the finger where the knife works the inventor formis a recess or hollow to prevent the friction caused by the knife passing and repassing through the slot.-Patent completed.

GENERAL MACHINERY-377, 378, 391, 428
LIGHTING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING-398
METALS, including apparatus for their manufacture
MISCELLANEOUS. 371, 373, 378, 385, 397, 406, 407, 412, 418,

404

427

425

ROADS AND VEHICLES, including railway plant and cai-
riages, saddlery, and harness, &c.-381, 384, 388, 403,
SHIPS AND BOATS, including their fittings.-372, 379
STEAM ENGINES-411, 433
WARFARE-380, 382

298 D. ROBERTSON, Alloa, N.B. Cadring engines. Dated February 1, 1870.

February 1, 1870.

This consists, first, in the general constructions and arrangements of adjustable bearings and regulators for regulating driving chains, belts, straps, or bands for ELABORATE arrangements are being made for the carding engines and other similar machinery. Second, forthcoming meeting of the British Association at bolts, nuts, and studs, whereby the inventor is enabled to in making bearings adjustable by means of double eye Liverpool. In addition to the sectional meetings adjust in a nicer manner any bearing by giving it a posithe following arrangements have been made :-On tive motion and to perform the same in much less time Monday, September 12, a deputy treasurer will and more correctly than has been done hitherto. Third, attend at the Free Public Library to issue tickets, in double eye-bolts. Fourth, in discs or flanges with or and visitors will there receive information respect-without handles, and with teeth formed thereon, which ing hotels and lodgings and prices. On Wednesday, gear into each other.-Patent completed. at 1 o'clock, the proceedings of the association will 299 C. VERO, Atherstone. Manufacture of hats. Dated formally commence, and the General Committee will elect the sectional officers and transact other Also when cutting the fur from the skins, what is known Such forcings or kemps are now only used as manure. business. Afterwards the company will proceed to as fur dust " is made. It is extremely short or flockthe grand hall, where the statue of Mr. Gladstone like fur, and is of little value. The object of the first part will be unveiled. In the evening Professor Stokes, of this invention is to utilise these materials in the manuof Cambridge, the President of the Exeter meeting, facture of felt hats or coverings for the head, and for this will in the Philharmonic Hall resign the presidency such mixture in the manufacture of felt hats or other purpose the inventor mixes them with wool, and employs to his successor, Professor Huxley. On Thursday coverings for the head. A small proportion of the evening there will be a conversazione in the Free sorted fur might, if desired, be combined with the Library and Museum, which will be specially pre-mixture of coarse hair and wool, and the appearance of pared for the occasion. On the same evening and the hat will in this way be in some degree improved, for two successive evenings festivities will be held generally employ sorted fur in combination with the but the cost being greater the inventor does not at the Town-hall, the Mayor having resolved to forcings, kemp, or fur dust. In the case of the forcings invite every member and associate, lady and gentle- and kemps the inventor mixes in suitable proportions, man, and the accommodation being too limited to by preference from 15 to 25 per cent., with wool or with a allow of all meeting on one evening. On Friday mixture of wool and fur on a carding engine, and the evening and on Monday evening, public lectures sliver produced he manufactures into hats or coverings will be delivered in the Philharmonic Hall-on one for the head in the ordinary way, and to render smooth the surface of such hats or coverings, he pounces or evening by Professor Tyndall, LL.D., F.R.S., shaves them, as is usual, to grind down the surface until F.G.S., on " The Scientific Uses of Imagination,' it is rendered even. In this operation somewhat more and on the other by Professor Rankine, C.E., labour is required than with hats made with sorted fur. LL.D., F.R.S., on "Stream Lines and Waves, in In the case of fur dust he applies it by means of a sifter connection with Naval Architecture." The evening wool or mixture of wool and fur as it is being wound on or dredger, or otherwise, on to the surface of a sliver of which each will take is not yet announced. On to a cone or shape to form a body from which a hat or Saturday some of the sections will not sit, unless covering for the head is to be formed. The fur dust is there is a pressure of business, and private excur- thus wound up and so incorporated with the sliver. The sions to places of interest in the neighbourhood body is then hardened and felted in the ordinary way. will probably be made. In the evening an address The fur dust may be powdered on to the sliver by hand to working men will be delivered in the Concert from a dredger, whilst the sliver is wound on the form in the usual way, so that the dust may become lapped in Hall, Lord Nelson-street, by Sir John Lubbock. between the numerous convolutions of the sliver. The This meeting is an extra one, and does not form inventor in this way works in about 25 per cent. of fur part of the proceedings of the association. On dust. He does not apply the fur dust uniformly or through Monday afternoon the next place of meeting will the winding, but the greater part of it he winds near the be decided upon. On Tuesday evening a conversa- beginning and the end of the accumulatory process, so zione will be held in St. George's Hall. On Wed-that it may appear on the surface.-Patent completed. nesday the proceedings will be formally closed by a meeting of the general committee at half-past 2. In the evening the holders of tickets will again assemble in St. George's Hall to hear a grand

369 J. PINNEY, Bedford. Organs. Dated February 8, 1870.

This consists in the substitution for the ordinary valve or pallet of an equilibrium valve, the pressure of air on which, in the wind chest, has little or no effect on the

375 C. and T. CROSSLEY and R. WHIPP, Rochdale. Manufacture of size. Dated February 9, 1870.

The inventors dissolve the tungstate of soda in water, the strength of the solution depending upon the nature tion of tungstate of soda may be used alone and applied or quality of the yarns or fabrics to be sized. The soluto the yarn or fabric in the same manner as other size, or it may be mixed in the desired proportion with farinaceous or other size, such as is now employed in sizing cotton, woollen, and other yarns and fabrics. The imconditioning cotton and other fibrous substances consists provements in the application of a certain material for or other fibrous substances when in an unmanufactured in supplying a solution of tungstate of soda to the cotton tungstate of soda will vary according to the nature and or manufactured state. The strength of the solution of quality of the fibrous substances to be operated upon. -Patent completed.

376 C. BARDY, Paris. Dated February 9, 1870.

Preparing colouring matters.

The new colouring matters which the inventor obtains have for their base a new substance, which he terms Methyldephenylamine." He obtains this substance by reacting upon diphenylamine or its salts either with methylic alcohol or with the combination of this alcohol

with different substances which afford substitution pro

ducts. This reaction takes place at variable temperatures phenylamine (a weak base) reacts under pressure at according to the substances employed. Thus the di212deg. Fah. upon iodide of methyle. A crystallised hydrate of iodine is obtained, which when treated with a caustic alkali gives the new base. This reaction succeeds very well without pressure, but in that case the vapours lamine, on the contrary, only reacts under pressure upon must be made to flow off. The hydrochlorate of diphenymethylic alcohol, at a temperature of from 482deg. to 572deg. Fah. The product is treated as before with a caustic alkali.-Patent completed.

377 R. PEACOCK, Goole, and E. WILSON, Peckham. Crushing mill. Dated February 9, 1870.

The inventors enclose within a cylinder or drum a rapidly rotating disc or plate, on one or both faces of which disc are formed projecting pieces or breakers. The sides of the drum are also provided with projections or breakers so arranged that those on the disc will pass between them on either side as the said disc rotates, and the internal periphery of the drum is serrated or formed with teeth or notches. The disc divides the drum into two compartments, and the edge of the disc fits very closely to the side of the toothed portion of the first compartment. The material to be broken, ground, or disintegrated is fed into the first compartment of the drum through a suitable hopper, and as it falls down it is caught by the projections on the rotary disc, and by the rapid action thereof is dashed or thrown against the projections and notches of the drum. This action is continued until the particles are ground fine or small enough to pass between the edge of the disc and the surface of the drum into the other compartment of the drum; they are then subjected to a further beating or reducing action and pass away through the discharge aperture.— Patent completed.

378 J. HALEY, Battersea. Rotary advertising apparatus. Dated February 9, 1879.

On drums, screens, or draperies, a transparent, semi

transparent, or other suitable material, the inventor paints or otherwise produces or places in the manner of transparencies, or otherwise, announcements, or advertisements, whether by words, signs, figures, or otherwise, as may be required. Within these drums, screens, or draperies he uses gas or other burners, from between which for each drum, screen, or drapery, a stem is raised (pointed at top) whereon a guide or socket is poised, such socket being secured to a plate of thin light metal (brass for instance) or other sufficiently light and non-inflammable material surrounded by a number of vanes connected thereto, the outer circle of these vanes being formed by a circular frame of wire or light metal or non-combustible material also connected to the vanes, to which outer circle the drum or screen is attached or placed in connection so as to be movable therewith.-Patent completed. 379 R. PUNSHON, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Dated February 9, 1870.

Ships' davits.

This consists in constructing davits and connecting ships' boats thereto when hauled upon deck in the following manner, that is to say, instead of lashing the boat to secure, as it commonly practised, the inventor proposes to fix around the upright part of each davit two rings placed one above the other on the davit at a suitable distance asunder. These rings may either be fixed to the davit or be capable of moving horizontally thereon; each of these rings has an upright hook affixed thereto for holding the ship's boat steady by its ends, for which purpose two eye bolts are screwed or otherwise fixed into the stem and stern, or each end of the boat respectively. -Patent abandoned.

380 J. T. GREENFIELD, Dover. Clearing side arm. Dated February 9, 1870. This consists of a brush made of coir (or brass) let into a drum of wood similar to that of the present sponge head; the bristles are set helically around the said drum, so that they have a lay or incline all in one direction horizontally. It is also proposed to form the hinder part of the brush head smaller in diameter than the fore part thereof, and have the bristles longer than those that are in front for the purpose of enabling the longer bristles to sweep well into the deep grooving of rided guns.-Patent completed.

381 F. PRINCE, jun., Plumstead. Signal apparatus. Dated February 9, 1870.

This consists in causing one of the front wheels of a locomotive engine running on a line of railway to depress a lever, connected with which is a large bell or gong fixed near to each signal post or signal station on the line of railway, as there may be a bell or gong fixed on the locomotive engine or tender, which as the wheel of the engine depresses the lever above mentioned causes the bell on the engine to be struck or sounded.-Patent abandoned.

382 J. A. BALLARD, Bombay, India. Torpedoes. Dated February 9, 1870.

The inventor proposes to apply electricity to the purpose of manœuvring vessels, but more especially to torpedo boats, or rams, from a distance, so that the operator may be able to bring such vessels into the proximity of an enemy, but not himself be injured by the explosion or concussion. The torpedo boats would be movable by steam, compressed air, or similar methods. He proposes that the person guiding the vessel should send electric currents to it either through a telegraph submarine cable or suspended wires, and that these currents should magnetise the cores of electro-magnets on board, and he proposes to apply the power obtained by alternately magnetising and demagnetising the cores of the magnets, to the purpose of opening and shutting steam valves, and of putting machinery into and out of gearing, and generally of closing such work as is necessary for guiding and manoeuvring the vessel.-Patent completed.

383 A. and H. FOLEY, Salisbury. Photographic pictures. Dated February 9, 1870. The inventors take a piece of even grained veneer suitable to the article they desire to ornament, and plane both sides of the same with a toothed iron plane until it is of an uniform thickness. One side they leave in this rough state, so as to be ready for treatment with glue or other adhesive solution. The other side they scrape and rub with glass paper so as to remove all the marks of the plane, leaving a perfectly smooth surface, which they damp with water or some other suitable liquid, in order to cause the grain of the wood to rise. They then allow the wood to gradually dry, and again they rub with very fine glass paper. They again repeat the damping and rubbing until the wood grain ceases to rise. They now apply to the surface with a sponge, brush, or blotting pad, a solution of chloride of sodium or chloride of barium (the former by preference), and gradually dry the same when it is ready to be sensitised with a solution of nitrate of silver. They desire this silver solution not only to come in contact with the surface of the wood (as the case with photographs printed on wood for engraving purposes) but to penetrate to some extent into it. They now place the photographic negative on the sensitised wood, and the printing is then performed in precisely the same manner as photographs on paper.-Patent completed.

884 W. BEVITT and T. STRICKLAND, Romford. Carriage brakes. Dated February 9, 1870.

when an excessive thickness of material passes between them, for which purpose the inventor weights them through the medium of an elastic apparatus which will yield to undue pressure.-Patent completed. 387 J. M. STANLEY and W. ATKINS, Sheffield. Fireplaces. Dated February 9, 1870.

396 J. LAUDRON, Paris. Currying leather. Dated February 10, 1870.

This consists in removing from these skins the fleshy parts that have remained adhering to them during the inefficiently performed by hand, whereas by this mafirst tanning operation. This operation is generally very The inventors use the front part of the boiler tube or chinery it is effected in the most satisfactory manner tubes for the fire-place, but in lieu of the ordinary fre- without causing any greater loss of weight. Further by bars they introduce along the bottom of this portion of reason of the pressure and the stretching undergone by the boiler flue, or flues, a metal tube or tubes perforated the leather, all the inequalities and wrinkles disappear, at the top and sides, as may be required. This tube may pommeling (rebrousseige) becomes needless, and the hide is submitted to the various operations of smoothing or be either of a circular, elliptical, or any other suitable shape in section, according to the size or form of fire-sleeking under the most favourable conditions.-Patent place, and may be either in one or more pieces.-Patent completed.

38S H. T. HUMPHREYS, West Limerick, Ireland. Railways and rolling stock. Dated February 10, 1870. This consists in so suspending or supporting plates, planks, rods, bars, rails, girders, and such like, one or more of them, cn posts, cylinders, pillars, walls, and such like that such plates, planks, or equivalents as above may be raised at any convenient and desired height off or from the ground, and so fashioning such plates or equivalents that they may be, or form suitable supports, guides, rails, grooves, flanges, or otherwise suitably arranging such suspended or supported plates, planks, rails, or equivalents to receive for the purposes of working, driving, or moving thereon and thereunder the driving, gripping or other wheels.-Patent completed.

abandoned.

397 W. H. BUSH, Paris. Printing machines. February 10, 1870.

Dated

The said machine is provided with a bed or table to hold the cards, which must be cut accurately to one size. These cards are placed horizontally in a pile one abovo the other, and the pile is held in a perpendicular position by a vertical surface plate and corner pieces, the latter being so arranged that they may be adjusted to cards of any size. On the top of the pack is placed a weight, by which the cards are made to descend while they are For thus withdrawing the cards withdrawn one by one. the machine is furnished with fingers, which move transversely across the under side of the pack; these fingers may be so adjusted as to take one card at a time, no matter what may be the thickness or size of the said cards. The machine has a spring guide, which is adjust389 C. and F. PONTIFEX and A. SHERWOOD, Albion able to the size and thickness of the card. As each card Works, N. Pressing spent hops. Dated February 10, 1870. is taken from the pack it enters the guide which keeps A perforated barrel or trunk is employed which may be the card in close proximity to the bed-plate without either taper, curved, straight, or of other suitable form, allowing it to touch it except when pressed by the descendand any number of such barrels may be arranged longi-ing type holder.-Patent completed. tudinally or side by side in a vertical, horizontal, or inclined position, being mounted in a suitable frame and actuated by steam or other motive power. The hops or other substances are, according to these improvements, conducted into the barrel or barrels by a revolving rake or endless chain, and the pressure is applied by a ram which is moved by a crank eccentric screw, or other mechanical contrivance, to which the power is applied by eccentric wheels, strap gear with reversing motion, or other ordinary gearing.-Patent completed.

398 W. M'G. MASON and T. LOCKERBIE, Glasgow. Raising liquid. Dated February 10, 1870.

The apparatus for utilising the surplus water pressure consists of a vessel, which may be of any suitable shape or material, and which is divided into three compartments. One compartment is the reservoir for compressed air, whilst the other two are filled with inlet and outlet pipes for water at the bottom, and with valves at the top. for air. The water is admitted from the service pipe through a reducing valve, and thence through a four-way

390 W. HADFIELD, Manchester. Looms. Dated Feb- cock to one of the two water compartments, which it ruary 10, 1873.

This consists in causing the ends of the roller entering the slots formed in the loom frame to rest or bear upon the upper plane or surface forming the line of diameter of a segmental or half circle wheel supported on a stud, the ends of the cloth roller, when empty, bearing upon the surface furthermost from the centre upon which such segmental wheel turns, the opposite end of the centre forming a counter balance. The teeth of this wheel gear into a pinion fixed upon a boss on one end of which a brake, pulley, or wheel is secured, and both are supported by a bracket screwed to the stretcher or framing of the loom. Patent abandoned.

391 G. EGUILLON, Paris. ruary 18, 1870.

fills, forcing the air from it into the air reservoir. When one water compartment, for example, is filled, the cock is turned to let the water off from it by the crane or swan neck, and to put the other compartment in communica tion with the service pipe.-Patent completed.

400 F. T. FERGUSON, Boston, U.S.A. Jug. Dated Felruary 10, 1870.

The inventor forms the lip, spout, or beak of the jug or pitcher with a cover or top in such a manner that an aperture or opening is left of sufficient size to allow the ree passage of the water or other liquid at the end of: fpout, while the cover or top prevents the escape of floats sng pieces of ice or other solid substances. The cover, if idesired, may be extended nearly over the whole of the Reducing friction. Dated Feb-opening of the jug or pitcher.-Patent completed.

Power arms are fixed in their centres to the cross or angle bars or arms so as to turn on pivots. These arms are furnished with small tenons at unequal distances from the pivots and passing respectively through slots or openings made in the shaft of the levers cause the arms to advance one of the levers in turning on the pivots whilst the other recedes. The levers are coupled and are dependent one upon the other so as to work alternately.-Patent completed.

401 J. A. BASSETT and J. R. NORFOLK, Salem, U.S.A looms. Dated February 10, 1870.

This consists in carrying the shuttle across the lay of the loom between the warps by means of a shuttle carriage below the warp, communicating motion to the shuttle from the carriage by means of rollers arranged on the upper side of the carriage and the lower side of the shuttle, the motion of the rollers in the shuttle carriage being produced by contact of the rollers with the under side of the race plate; the rollers being actuated in the shuttle, the warp is thus rolled between the carriage and the shuttle. It also consists in actuating the shuttle carriage by means of wheels, which have a continuous rotary motion communicating a reciprocating movement by the alternate movement of cords upon their periphery,

1870.. 402 A. TURNER, Leicester. Carpets. Dated February 10,

392 W. HOUGHTON and J. BAPTY, Leeds. Dressing warps. Dated February 10, 1870. This consists in a combination and arrangement of the several parts required to effect this object in such manner from each other in their passage from the sizing appa-Patent completed. that the several yarns, threads, or strands are so separated ratus and maintained separate until dried, that they are inventors have two or more sets of sizing troughs with the prevented from adhering together. For this purpose, the usual immersion or conducting rollers arranged at different elevations, or one above another according to the number of ends or threads required to form the warp. These several ends or threads are supplied from bobbins in the through separate holes in plates or through reeds sepausual manner, and passed through the trough, and thence rately, and thence by other conducting rollers over a series of steam pipes arranged over or upon the top of a chamber in which is one or more revolving fans.-Patent

abandoned.

393 J. and W.THOMSON, Peckham. Ventilating chimneys Dated February 10, 1870. This consists of a piece of sheet iron, or zinc, about 5in. deep, made to fit the chimney breast, to which is attached by the two ends and top at the distance of lin. & triangular tube, having one of its sides at the right angle perforated, forming a blower, which is connected to a tube passing through the cheek of the fireplace, down through the floor of the room, to an aperture in the outer wall.-Patent abandoned.

394 J. C. WILSON, Gracechurch-street. Shearing sheep Dated February 10, 1870.

The pole of the vehicle is free to slide in its bearings a limited distance, say 2in. When, therefore, the horses are pulled up they will force back the pole, and cause it to set the brakes in action. The end of the pole or continuation of it butts against a concave segmental termi-operating transversely across the other with a scissor-like nation of a central slide carried by guides affixed to the main or hind frame.-Patent abandoned.

385 C. BAYLIS, Poultry. Preventing personation. Dated February 9, 1870. The inventor proposes to make the photograph of the real owner of the document an intregal part of such documents, as railway season tickets, which will show, on the portrait being compared with the presentor of the ticket, whether any fraud by impersonation is being attempted or not. In carrying out the invention, it is proposed to make the paper which forms the face of the ticket or pass sensitive to light, so that a photographic image may be obtained directly thereon.-Patent abandoned. 386 J. PETRIE, jun., Rochdale. Washing wool. Dated February 9, 1870.

This relates, firstly, to the squeezing rollers of machines for washing or scouring wool and other fibrous materials, the object being to prevent injury to the said rollers

The shearing or cutting apparatus, which is held in the hands of the shearer, consists of a series of cutting blades similar to those of a mowing machine, that is to say, there are two serrated plates placed one above the other, the one being stationary and the other movable, the latter action. The stationary plate is provided with a guard placed underneath it which protects the animal being sheared from injury from the points of the teeth. The movable plate derives its motion from a small revolving or rotary engine affixed to the stationary plate. engine is worked by means of air or other fluid obtained either directly from a large engine, which the inventor calls a motor engine, or from a reservoir supplied by an engine, or where water is used from a natural head.-Patent completed.

This

395 N. WHEELER, Bridgeport, U.S.A. Producing fringe. Dated February 10, 1870. The inventor converts into fringe the parts adjacent to the edges of strips of woven goods, the apparatus acting to destroy the collocation or assemblage of the threads produced by weaving to draw out the warp and weft threads in lines perpendicular or nearly so to the line of the edge of the strip. This operation is commonly known as frizzling.-Patent completed.

This consists in preparing the weft with size, glue, or some other analogous preparation, which will give additional strength to the thread by causing the fibres to adhere together and form a stiff strong yarn suitable to be used as weft. In carrying out this invention the inventor can use jute or other cheap fibrous material, and having spun the fabrics into a yarn of suitable thickness, he soaks the yarn while in the skein or bank in the gummy, glutinous, or gelatinous preparation. When it is removed from the gummy preparation, and it is nearly dry, the yarn other bobbins suitable for placing in his improved carpet is wound on to bobbins, and is afterwards removed on to loom, and while being so re wound, it is passed through a gas flame, where all the loose bres which do not add to the strength of the thread are singed off. It is then

ready for use in the loom.-Patent abandoned.

403 J. IMRAY, Great George-street, S.W. Subaqueous communication. Dated February 11, 1870.

A tube for the transit of goods and passengers in carriages or railway trains is necessarily of considerable diameter, and must, therefore, be built up of numerous parts of moderate weight and bulk. It is necessary that the jointing of the parts should be watertight, and yet that the whole structure should be somewhat flexible to admit of the operation of laying, and also to allow the tube to accommodate itself to the irregularities of the bed on which it is laid. Such irregularities in many cases consist of moderate slopes, without sudden variations of level, and it is to cases of this kind that the invention applies.-Patent abandoned.

404 M. MACDERMOTT and A. D. WILLIAMS, Kensington. Twisted metal bars. Dated February 11, 1870,

The machinery consists, firstly, of cast-iron framework in three parts, of which the two at one end connected together support a drum of varying diameter for driving the machine, which drum is placed in the interval between these frames. Fixed on the same axle as the drum and at one end of it is an endless screw. At the other end is a cog wheel, which works in another cog wheel of greater diameter, the latter being fixed on a hollow shaft working in bearings upon the standards. One end of the hollow shaft just mentioned is formed into, or has attached to it, 2 circular disc, the vertical axis of which coincides with that of the endless screw.-Patent abandoned.

405 D. DALGLISH, Glasgow, N.B. Looms. Dated February 11, 1870.

This consists, first, of improvements in the construc

makes one stitch, that is to say, it passes one through the
stuff and the second time close beside it, but each time
the shuttle passes through the loop formed by the needle,

415 A. HERBST, Moscow. Drying sugar. Dated February 11, 1870.

tion, arrangement, and working of the pattern mechanism
for making the necessary changes of the double, triple,
and other number of compound shuttle boxes of power
looms for weaving striped, checked, and other ornamental-Patent abandoned.
fabrics so as to reverse the pattern chain barrel and chain
of pattern cards, when the pattern, or any main part of it,
has a "centre," or will reverse in the backward direction
or be a repeat or multiple of the said forward and back-
ward whole or part of the pattern by making the pattern
chain of the few cards forming the said repeat or multiple
part or parts of the pattern cards with one extra card for
the change or reversing action, all connected as a short
endless pattern chain.-Patent abandoned.

406 A. B. BROWN, Woolwich. Moving heavy objects. Dated
February 11, 1870.
This consists in the employment of a strong framing,
sleigh, or slide upon which the load is supported, and
which is provided on its under side with two or more
grooved longitudinal bearers, resting upon metal spheres
or shot, either solid or hollow, situated in gutters or
grooved tramways termed "ferbruns" let into skidding,
or otherwise placed upon the ground in positions cor e
sponding with such longitudinal bearers, so that in
moving the sleigh along upon the spheres or slot, these
roll freely in the gutters or grooved tramways or "fer-
bruns between these and the grooved bearers.-Patent

completed.

407 J. L. WHIPPLE, Detroit, U.S.A. Spring seats. Dated February 11, 1870. This consists in the use of single or double helical springs arranged upon rods at the sides and ends of the frame, or on either the sides or ends, in such a manner that their bales or ends point upward and inward, where they are connected together by means of straps, cords, webbing, wires, or their equivalents interlaced, or by wooden slots or spring bars secured to the said bales by slots, grooves, hooks, or otherwise, the whole forming an elastic and easy seat or bed bottom, economical of construction, durable in wear, and which affords no facilities for harbouring insects.-Patent completed.

408 J. THOMPSON, Bradford. Door handle spindles. Dated February 11, 1870.

This consists of two or more pieces or parts of metal placed together longitudinally, so as to form the spindle of the requisite size. In one of the pieces or parts there is a slot at one end and a tapped hole at the other end. The other piece or part has also a tapped hole at the contrary end of the spindle to the slot. When the pieces or parts are put together they are capable of being moved or slided endwise to adjust themselves to the thickness of the door by reason of the slot, and the handles are then fixed and held in position by means of a set screw passed through each handle, and into the tapped holes, the screw at the slot end nipping the parts together, while the screw at the other end forces them asunder and binds the parts against the sides of the handle.-Patent completed. 409 J. STORY, Paris, U.S.A. Submarine cables. Dated February 11, 1870.

The central portion of the cable is a flat chain of any sired width or thickness, so constructed as to have on both flat sides small teeth or short sharp points, the chain being covered with a web made of the strongest hemp cord, the warp or threads lengthwise of the web to be about double the size of those of the filling. This web is intended to give strength to the cable and to be held firmly to its place by the teeth or points on the chain when properly folded around it.-Patent abandoned.

410 E. STOTT, A. OGDEN, and W. C. STAFFORD, Ashtonunder-Lyne. Cotton cleaners. Dated February 11, 1870. This relates to machines in which cotton, linen, woollen, or other fibrous materials are worked or drawn by means of rollers. Underneath the rollers it is usual, and to a certain degree necessary, to apply what are called clearers for the purpose of arresting and retaining the dirt and fly which are thrown out by the material during the process of drawing through the rollers. If the dirt and fly were not collected and retained as fast as produced portions of it would pass along with the material under process, and finally become a serious damage and imperfection in the finished thread. The under clearers hitherto in use have the imperfection of being inconvenient, and to a certain extent inefficient for the purpose. The improved clearers, on the other hand, perform in the most efficient manner ia collecting and retaining the dirt, and as fast as produced allow it to be removed with great facility and readjust themselves immediately after the operation, -Patent completed.

This consists of a cylinder provided with tubes and heated by means of waste steam; the air as it passes through the tubes has its temperature raised to any re quired degree. The temperature is regulated by the aid of a thermometer, arranged at the point where the air leaves the heating apparatus to enter the tube. The air, before it enters the heating apparatus, may be passed over a layer of chloride of calcium to dry it. But this is not absolutely necessary, as the sugar may be dried in 24 hours, when the air is not conducted above chloride of calcium. As soon as the air thus warmed passes into the moulds it is divided into many currents and diffused through the crystals of the sugar, absorbing the moisture and passing away at the bottom of the loaves.-Patent completed.

416 L. T. H. LORON, Paris. Sifting flour. Dated February 11, 1870.

This consists of a quadrangular wooden framing, enclosing a pyramidal-shaped hopper, the upper part of which is covered or provided with a fixed frame forming a sieve or riddle with transverse parallel bars, while the lower part is connected by the flooring with the scuttle or channel, by which the products first obtained are con ducted into a sack or other receptacle below. Above the fixed riddle or framing there is another frame of the same shape, the bottom of which is formed of a skin which is pierced all over with small holes, through which the products of the bolting operation pass through the fixed riddle into the hopper. These products are obtained by the separation of the different elements or qualities of the substances, which are fed regularly on to the sifting table.-Patent completed.

417 S. P. VILLAIN, Paris. Polishing yarns. Dated February 12, 1870.

This relates to a machine for polishing yarns or threads of flax, cotton, or other fibrous substances of whatever colour, and whether coarse or fine, and consists in the employment of rubbers or polishers in such a manner as to support the yarns or threads, and give them the required friction, thereby increasing the work produced by the machine with less expenditure of driving power. The yarns or threads when polished are delivered on to a frame with steps and a vertical drum which completes the polishing machine.-Patent completed.

418 J. H. P. COLSON, Bristol. February 11, 1870.

Billiard frame. Dated

The object of the invention is to provide an improved portable frame with suitable apparatus to enable the game of billiards to be played upon an ordinary table, and so that the said frame may be rapidly fitted thereto and removed therefrom. The improved frame or apparatus rests on the extreme edges of the table or bed in the same relative position, and has the same relative the various games usually played on a billiard table to be drop for the balls as an ordinary billiard table, enabling completely and efficiently played.-Patent completed.

419 B. LOOKER, Kingston-on-Thames. Horticultural structures. Dated February 11, 1870.

The inventor constructs chairs or slabs of earthenware material, the lower part of each whereof should have a broad part or footing, so as to take a firm position on the ground or on a wall, and the upper part be recessed for the reception of the lower edge or edges of a plate or plates, sheet or sheets of glass, as herein described. The inventor also uses ridge tiles or pieces with the lower edges of each recessed for the reception of the upper edges of the plates or sheets of glass above mentioned, or when the roofing is to be a single incline each ridge, tile, or piece should be recessed as above mentioned, so that the edge of the glass may fit into the one recess and the back of the case into the other.

These chairs or slabs

are to be placed in lines to form the walls of the structure
or enclosed space, and upon the slabs so placed the sheets
or plates of glass are to be placed so as to form a double
inclined roof, the apex whereof is formed by the ridge
tiles above mentioned.-Patent completed.
420 J. BROWN, Gildersome.
February 11, 1870.

Utilising flax waste. Datod

The inventor first dries the wet waste by any suitable and ordinary drying process. When this waste is formed to be matted, entangled, and hard, or, as it is termed in the trade, "hard waste," this hard waste he next softens by beating or by rolling, or by pressure, using for the purpose, by preference, a machine similar to that known in the cotton trade as the opening or blowing ma

421 J. and J. BOTTERILL, Leeds. Consuming smoke. Dated February 12, 4870.

a thick warp which does not lift so as to work the figure, which does not show on the face of the fabric.-Patent abandoned.

424 A. I. AMBLER, Washington, U.S.A. from petroleum. Dated February 12, 1870.

Generating gas

The first of the invention relates to the production of gas or vapour from petroleum and other oleaginous substances for heating purposes by means of the ordinary steam in use for general purposes introduced into a suitable vessel containing a certain quantity of petroleum or other oil, which may be perfectly cold, and leaving in the vessel a certain space or room for steam vapour and gas. Heated oil is not necessary by this process other than the heat incident to the steam admitted therein. That is to say, no auxiliary heating surface in the oil, or about the same whatever, is needed or required. Suitable conducting pipes having suitable valves convey the gas or vapour to a perforated tube or pipes in the firebox for use.— Patent abandoned.

425 W. T. WHITEMAN, Haverstock-hill. Dating railway tickets. Dated February 12, 1870.

This consists, first, of a machine for effecting the printing or the simultaneous printing and indenting of dates on or in to railway tickets and for other like purposes. T'he said machine is constructed as follows:-The type box is carried by a swing lever, which turns on a spindle affixed to the under side of the top plate of the machine, and the ticket to be printed or printed and indented is brought under the type by means of a swing lever which turns on a spindle affixed to the upper side of the said plate, and which, consequently, describes an arc of greater radius than that described by the type lever. Arms or projec. tions are formed on the type box aforesaid, against which arms the back of the ticket lever or lugs thereon bears or bear, so that when the said lever is pushed inwards, it brings the type down upon or forces it into the ticket, as described in the specification with respect to a somewhat similar arrangement, the type lever being thrown outwards by a spring after the printing of each ticket. The inking of the type in this machine and in the other machines effected either by a rotary inking pad of the kind described in the aforesaid specification, or by a rotary inking pad on the same principle but modified.-Patent completed.

426 O. C. EVANS, Bermondsey. Digging machinery Dated February 12, 1870.

A series of drums or broad-faced wheels is arranged to revolve side by side and in parallel planes within a suitable iron or wood framework, over which drum wheels and over two corresponding series of rollers placed at different levels, the one before and the other behind a series of endless chains carrying teeth or digging forks pass. The operation of these parts is such that as the implement is drawn over the ground, each tooth is driven into the ground gradually and in successive order, so as simply by the weight of the implement to be forced into the ground without breaking it in the first instance, but breaking and upheaving the soil at the time the teeth leave the ground.-Patent abandoned.

ruary 14, 1870.
427 J. FLEAR, Glayton. Clipping horses.

Dated Feb

This consists principally of two steel or other suitable metal combs, each being of a semicircular shape round the outside edge, and which have teeth or cutting blades formed in each of them. The combs are made at the heel in the same manner as the heel of an ordinary pair of clipping scissors or shears, and they work round a single rivet or stud (held by a thumb screw) as a centre. The combs are hollowed out or shaped in such a manner that contact exists between them only at the heel, and at the cutting points or blades, in which places they are both made perfectly fiat and smooth; thereby greatly diminishing the friction, and allowing the apparatus to be worked very easily.-Patent completed.

428 E. W. FURRELL, Richmond-road, W. Bolt. Dated February 14, 1870.

This bolt consists of an iron or metal cylindrical casing of suitable dimensions, one end of which has provision for securing it to woodwork, and the other end, which is open, has an internal rim or flange formed round its edge of slight depth. A circular plate of metal fitting closely but freely round the. inside of the casing is made to revolve against the said internal rim or flange by means of a handle fixed to the outer face of the piate, which handle projects in front of the casing.-Patent abandoned.

429 T. T. LINGARD, Manchester. Facing blocks of stone Dated February 14, 1870.

411 J. SMART, Stratford. Slide valves. Dated February 11, 1870. The slide valve is made hollow, the steam passing from This invention consists in the application of a frame one side of the valve through the same, and then through or ring supported by the material to be operated upon the ports on the cylinder face, which stand the ordinary and clamped thereto by means of suitable set screws, the way. The steam admission side of the valve works steam-chine.-Patent completed. said frame or ring forming an "artificial horizon" upon tight against a corresponding face, and has two parts corwhich the machinery used for "facing" or cutting the responding with and communicating each with its port material can be moved so as at all times to act in a true at the cylinder face. The opposite side of the valve also The inventors cause the smoke and gases, after passing plane, or at any angle that may be required. The frame works steamtight against a face, and has one or more to the extreme end of the boiler, to return back along the or ring, and the entire machinery or apparatus for makport-like openings (but without corresponding ports insides and then pass down into a flue beneath, in which is ing or cutting the stone, are portable and easily removable the face it works against) communicating with the steam constructed an arch or plate of iron or firebrick, which is from one block to another, and the cutters can be applied inside the slide valve, the object of the openings being to kept in a highly heated state by a fire beneath the flame. to all portions of the surface except where the supports relieve the pressure or friction against the face.-Patent From this fire after heating the iron or brick arch is for the frame or ring rest upon the block, these portions completed. deflected upwards of a bridge and made to commingle being acted upon after the other parts are finished, when with such gases from the furnace as have passed unconthe supports may be adjusted upon the true surface presumed into the long flue below the boiler.-Patent aban-viously faced up." and therefore mechanically correct. doned. -Patent completed.

412 J. W. DIXON and J. BATES, Sheffield. Filing. Dated February 11, 1870. The file is carried in a holder, to which a reciprocating to and fro motion is imparted. The article to be filed is supported on a bed, and is brought up to the file at the time when the file commences to make its forward stroke, and is lowered away from the file when the file has completed its stroke and is being drawn backwards. This it is preferred to effect by giving the to and fro motion to the file-holder by a connecting rod and crank, and by governing the rising and falling of the bed upon which the work is supported by an eccentric on the crank shaft. The eccentric rod is for this purpose coupled to a lever, to which a stem carrying the bed is also connected.-Patent completed.

413 I. NASCH and C. GRIMME, Berlin. Sewing machines. Dated February 11, 1870.

The basis of this invention is a common shuttle sewing machine, in which the motion of the needle is altered, while the shuttle operates in the usual manner. The motion of the needle is such that while the stuff is being equally moved by the feed bar, alternate motion is imparted to the needle, so that each time it reaches the end of the oscillating motion, either to the right or left, it

422 J. MORRISON, Glasgow, N.B. Gas stoves. Dated February 12, 1870.

This consists in providing the upper parts of the stoves with a sufficient number of ducts or passages, into which the unburnt gases and smoke pass, and by which they are conducted back into the combustion chamber of the gas stove. Any solid residue is deposited in the said ducts or passages, and the condensible matter collects therein or in a chamber or receptacle attached to them, and from which the condensed or deposited matter is withdrawn or allowed to escape-Patent completed.

423 M. BROWN, Kendal. Carpets. Dated February 12, 1870.

This consists in the fabrication of a double-sided carpet cloth with double warp threads and shoots of coloured wool. The loom consists of standards and framing supporting a jacquard apparatus, in which only half the ordinary quantity of harness is used but differently tied up and going through one plane only, instead of the four planes, thus leaving merely one plane to lift one warp. The warps are made of cotton or wool as desired; one is

430 A. FRYER, Manchester. Preparing substances for food. Dated February 14, 1870.

This consists of two parts, first, the inventor takes animal and vegetable substances to be used as food, and submits them in air tight cases, or other such vessels, to a high temperature, whereby they are rendered capable of preservation probably by the destruction of the germs and other bodies which usually cause decay. The cases which contain the animal or vegetable substances are placed in any convenient number within a larger vessel which is closed, and steam, heated water, or air, or other fluid or gas, is then admitted so as to communicate heat to the said cases, which by these means become heated to the desired point, while at the same time there is an external pressure to counterbalance that which is generated within the cases.-Patent completed.

431 W. LARKING, Bramford. Fire escapes. Dated February 14, 1870.

The inventor forms an escape or apparatus consisting a portable box or frame, which may be placed against or fixed to the floor or wall, near a window or other openin

In this box or frame, which may be made to represent an ottoman, and be used as such when not otherwise required, he fits a double drum which is made self-winding by means of a spring or other equivalent, or by the second chain as hereinafter explained, and provided with a brake-pulley or wheel and check chain or cord for regulating its motion. To this drum on one side of the brake wheel he secures one end of a chain or wire rope of the requisite length, and to the other end of the chain or rope he attaches a non-inflammable canvas car, formed with a ring or frame at the top, and with a footboard or frame at the bottom.-Patent completed.

432 W. TASKER, Andover. Elevating corn, &c. Dated February 14, 1870.

This consists in a peculiar mode of raising the trough of an elevator for corn, hay, straw, and other agricultural produce to any required position or height when at work, and also for shutting or folding up the upper part of the trough of such elevator when not in use for travelling. and for opening the same when required.-Patent completed.

2837 P. M. Parsons, Melbourne House, Blackheath. Improvements in artificial fuel.

2338 A. V. Newton, Chancery-lane. Improvements in liquid meters.

2339 W. E. Newton, Chancery lane. Improvements in electric clockwork.

2340 S. D. Tillman, Jersey, Hudson, New Jersey, U.S.A. Improvements in tramways and road surfaces.

2341 C. Robson, Longford, Ireland. Improvements in scutching flax and other fibrous substances, and in the machinery or apparatus employed therefor.

Dated August 26, 1870.

2342 T. E. Mulock, Alleudale, Wimborne, Dorsetshire. Improvements in apparatus for mounting and working a combination of firearm barrels. 2343 A. Hill, Leicester. Improvements in horse ho es. 2344 F. Gray, Birmingham. Improvements in gas lamps and other lamps.

2345 G. E. Morgan, Oxford-street. An improved nota- PATENTS ON WHICH THE STAMP DUTY OF £50
tion to be employed in facilitating the teaching of music.
2346 J. Morrell, Liverpool. Improvements in the

433 W. WHIELDON and J. BECK, Westminster Bridge-packing of bacon, hams, and lard, and in the mode of

road. Cocks and valves. Dated February 14, 1870.

The inventors make the body of the cock or valve of cylindrical form either externally or internally, and to this cylindrical part they fit a cap. In some cases they make the cap to turn round, and have passages in it and the body of the cock such that when the cap is turned to one position there is a communication through these pas

sages, and when the cap is turned to another position the

communication is closed. In other cases they make the cap to slide to and fro, and fit to it a leather, caoutchouc. or other soft facing, or they make it with a metallic facing fitted to a seating on the body of the cock.-Patent completed.

434 F. T. FERGUSON, Boston, U.S.A. Combination implement. Dated February 14, 1850.

In its general appearance the said improved implement resembles an ordinary hammer. The head may be of any desired form and size, and the inventor may provide a number of heads of various forms adapted to the different purposes for which the hammer may be required. For general use it is preferred that the head should be like that of an ordinary tack hammer with claws of the usual form for drawing tacks and small nails. The shank of the hammer is a flat bar of iron or other metal and forms the rule, which is divided into inches and parts thereof, or into other divisions and figured in the usual manner.-Patent abandoned.

2315 S. Farron, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire. Certain improvements in diminishing valves for steam and other purposes.

2316 M. Macdermott and A. D. Williams, Scott's Chambers, Pudding-lane, City. Improved apparatus for boring in rock, coal, mineral, slate, and other similar substances.

2317 C. W. Harrison, Westminster Chambers, Westminster. Improvements in firearms and in projectiles to be used therewith.

2318 W. J. Hay, St. John's Wood. Improvements in coating metal sheathing and other surfaces exposed to the action of sea water, in order to preserve them and keep them clean.

2319 F. Holmes, Gritton-terrace, Victoria-park. provements in pumps. 2320 J. Lloyd, Trafalgar-square, Charing Cross. Improvements in the manufacture of oil, and in the machinery or apparatus to be employed therein.

2321 J. Robinson and J. Smith, Rochdale, Lancashire. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for cutting wood into shreds or shavings, to be used in the manufacture of paper.

2322 J. A. Hogg, Chancery-lane. Improvements in the construction of miners' safety lamps.

2323 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, Chancerylane. Improvements in knitting machines.

Dated August 24, 1870.

2324 W. Braidwood, Clayton-square, Liverpool. Improvements in printing presses.

2325 F. J. R. Carulla, Thavies-Inn, Holborn. An improved process of purification of cast iron from sulphur and phosphorus in the manufacture of steel.

2326 T. and J. Bibby and J. Barron, Burnley, and W. Barron, Rochdale, Lancashire. Certain improvements in machinery or apparatus to be employed for manufacturing paper bags.

2327 A. G. Day, Southampton-buildings, Chancerylane. An improved pavement.

2328 W. Berry, Dalston. An improved construction of mud cart and water cart combined.

2329 W. Goulding and A. Hill, Leicester. Improvements in reaping and mowing machines, parts of which improvements are also applicable to other purposes.

2330 W. E. Newton, Chancery-lane. Improvements in printing machinery.

2331 A. M. Silber, Wood-street, Cheapside, City. Improvements in apparatus for lighting and heating purposes.

Dated August 25, 1870.

2332 L. Brown, Elm Croft Grange, Edinburgh. provements in the manufacture of thin lead pipes for use in irrigation purposes.

2335 T. A. Letts, Breakspear-road, New Cross. Im. provements in railway and other season tickets.

2334

A. Alexander and D. Lansley, Cirencester, Gloucestershire. Improvements in water heaters and

eeders.

255 H. J. H. King, Glasgow. Improvements in apparatus for feeding wool, cotton, and other fibrous materials to carding or other machines.

2336 W. Bullock, Manchester. Improvements in water proof garments, which improvements are also applicable to garments in general.

preserving bacon and hams.

2347 G. and J. G. Ritchie, Belmont-villa, Tyrwhitt-road, Upper Lewisham-road, Kent. Improvements in umbrellas, sunshades, and weather protectors.

2348 W. Riddle, Lansdowne-terrace, South Lambeth. Improvements in apparatus or appliances for saving life Improvements in ma

from fire.

2349 T. F. Henley, Pimlico.

chinery or apparatus for tunnelling or forming galleries PATENTS ON WHICH THE STAMP DUTY OF £100 in mines, quarries, and other places.

2350 T. Lacey, St. Paul's-road, Canonbury, and S. C. Lacey, Canonbury-park-square. An improved apparatus for stopping the flow of gas through a meter when any determined quantity has been supplied,

Dated August 27, 1870.

2351 C. Duff, Bournemouth-road, Peckham. Improvements in the treatment of certain fibrous substances to be used in the manufacture of paper pulp for paper, and for conversion into textile fabrics.

2352 J. S. Linford, Holborn. Improvements in the construction of hydrometers for taking the specific gravity of fluids.

2353 H. J. Haddan, Strand, Westminster. Improvements in tunnelling.

2354 T. Clayton, Manchester, and W. H. Bailey, Salford, Lancashire. Improvements in apparatus for producing inflammable gas from mineral and other oils, parts of which are applicable for heating purposes.

2355 G S. Hazlehurst, Manchester. Certain improvements in looms for weaving.

2356 W. Tongue, Brixton. Improvements in machinery for combing fibrous materials.

2357 G. Gore, Whitnash, Warwickshire, and J. Meacock, Giltspur-street, City. Improved means or apparatus for enabling tramway and other omnibuses or vehicles to run upon and leave tramrails at any point.

2358 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, Chancerylane. An improved sewing machine attachment for manufacturing tubing or piping for ornamenting dresses and for other like purposes.

2559 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, ChanceryJane. Improvements in the manufacture of tacks and mails.

2360 T. Restell, Birmingham. Improvements in breechloading firearms.

Dated August 29, 1870.

2361 E. Chiverton, Orient Cottage, Middle-street, Southsea. A self-acting lamp lighter. 2362 R. Mackay, Inverness. Improvements in the 2363 E. T. Hughes, Chancery-lane. An improved process for forming vacuum in freezing apparatus. 2564 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, Chancerylane. Improvements in machinery for manufacturing paper bags.

manufacture of aerated beverages.

2365 W. N. Lindsay, Quality-street, Leith, Scotland. Improvements in apparatus for compressing hay or other substances and putting it up into bales.

2366 J. C. Simonds and R. Donnison, Boston, Lincolnshire. Improvements in apparatus for pressing or extracting oil from seeds.

2367 M. Gray, Highbury-hill, and F. Hawkins, Silvertown, Essex. Improvements in the manufacture of marine telegraph cables.

No. Pr. No. Pr. No. Pr. No. Pr. No. Pr. No. Pr. s. d. s. d s. d. s. d. 's. d. 200 8 630 10 1630 4 1770 4 203 0 4 250 8 69 0 10 164 0 4 1790 4 205 0 4 341 6 1030 6 166 0 4 180 0 4 206 0 4 390 10 139 0 6 167 0 4 185 0 4 208 0 4 450 8 143 0 4 168 0 4 190 0 6 214 0 4 470 10 1480 4 1720 4 1920 4 216 0 4 510 S 1500 4 173 0 4 2000 4 217 0 4 550 10 1550 4 174 0 4 2010 4 234 0 4 610 6 1620 4 176 0 4 2020 4 376 0 1

1869. s. d. 3646 1 ΟΙ 3705 3 10

3737 1 2 3741 0 S 3759 1 4 3766 0 10 3767 1 10 1870.

50 8 10 1 8

NOTICE. Having received communications from persons residing in the country to the effect that difficulties are occasionally experienced by them in obtaining copies of printed specification from the Patent Office, in consequence of the varying nature of the postage thereon, our readers are informed that upon receipt from them of particulars of the specifications they require, together with a remittance for the cost and approximate postage thereof, we shall be happy to procure and forward such specifications Jree of all further charge. Sums under Five Shillings may be remitted in postage stamps, for sums above that umount a Post Office Money Order should be sont, payable to ROBERTSON, BROOMAN, and Co., Patent Department. 166, Fleet-street, London, E.C. to whom all communicatio upon the subject should be addressed.

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Books

The Mechanics' Magazine and Journal of Engineering, Agricultural ..., 93. köide