NORTH, NORTH CENTRAL, AND SOUTH CENTRAL GALLERIES. 209 WILLIS, HENRY, 18 Manchester Street, Gray's Inn Road-Designer and Manufacturer. An organ, with three rows of keys, and two octaves and a fifth of pedals. This instrument is built upon the German plan, viz., 8 feet manuals, and 32 feet pedals; it contains 77 stops, nearly 4,500 pipes, the largest being CCCC 32 feet, the smallest C of an inch. The great and swell organs are played by means of the pneumatic lever, applied vertically, and worked without the aid of additional wind pressure. In the choir and pedal organs are introduced two newly-invented patent valves, over which the pressure of the air has little influence; also a patent movement in connexion with a compound application of the pneumatic lever, which brings the instrument entirely under the performer's command. The mechanism includes several new arrangements, and in the various bellows there are five different pressures of air. This organ is represented in the opposite page as it stands in the Exhibition. [The superiority of the German plan for building organs chiefly consists in its preserving a balance of power amongst its various masses. The attention of our native builders has been profitably directed to this essential point for some time past, and we hope the time will soon come when an instrument will not be considered complete without a commensurate pedal organ.H. E. D.] An organ, consisting of a swell, with 22 stops. A great organ of 20 stops. A pedal organ of 14 stops, and several coupling stops, exhibiting various improvements, including an extensive use of the "pneumatic lever." [Organs on the pneumatic principle were first introduced into churches by Pope Vitalianus, anno 666. Coupling-stops are used for combining two or more keyboards, so that playing on one produces the effect of both.-H. E. D.] 210 DUNIN, Mx. C. DE, London-Inventor, Manufacturer, and Patentee. Piece of mechanism intended to illustrate the different proportions of the human figure: it admits of being expanded from the size of the Apollo Belvidere to that of a colossal statue. [10.] The external part of the figure consists of a series of steel and copper plates sliding upon each other, and kept in contact by screws, nuts, and spiral springs; attached to these plates, and within the figure, are metal slides, having projecting pins at their extremities: these pins are inserted in curved grooves cut in circular steel plates; the curvature of these grooves being so arranged that when the steel plates are put in revolution by a train of wheels and screws the slides belonging to each particular part of the figure are expanded or contracted in correct proportion. The elongation of the figure is accomplished either by sliding metal tubes, provided with racks, and acted upon by a combination of wheels, or by screws and slides, as found most applicable for each particular part. Besides the general adjustments described, each part of the figure has an independent and separate adjustment, by which it can be put out of its correct likeness to the Apollo Belvedere, and made to represent the deformities or peculiarities of form of any individual. The varieties of figure and size of the human body are so numerous that it necessarily requires a great number of movements to represent them. Some idea may be formed of the number of mechanical combinations included in the figure, from the following list of the parts of which it is constructed, viz.-875 framing-pieces, 48 grooved steel plates, 163 wheels, 202 slides, 476 metal washers, 482 spiral springs, 704 sliding plates, 32 sliding tubes, 497 nuts, 3500 fixing and adjusting screws, and a considerable number of steadying pinions, &c., making the number of pieces, of which the figure is composed, upwards of 7000. It is stated that this inventior. could easily be made applicable in the artist's studio; but that its more immediate object is to facilitate the exact fitting of garments, more especially in cases where great numbers are to be provided for, as in the equipment of an army, or providing clothing for a distant colony; that personal attendance is not required, since there is adapted to the figure, a new system of measurement which enables any person to take the exact size and form of an individual; and from the measurement so taken, the figure can be adjusted to represent correctly the person to be fitted, so that the clothing may be tried on, and, if necessary, altered with as much facility as if the original person, whose measure had been taken, were present. NORTH, NORTH CENTRAL, AND SOUTH CENTRAL GALLERIES. An establishment provided with three or four of such figures, would be sufficient to fit perfectly, and without any subsequent alteration, the clothing of an army of several hundred thousand men, at whatever distance they might be from the establishment. The inventor states it as his intention to present this figure to his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias. 212 NEWTON, WM., & SON, 66 Chancery Lane, and 3 Fleet Street -Manufacturers. Large manuscript celestial globe, 6 feet in diameter, in which the positions of the stars are laid down from Flamstead's Catalogue, brought up to the year 1850. Pair of 25-inch globes, in carved rosewood frames. Slate globes of various sizes, with the meridians and parallels of latitude marked upon them, so that outline maps may be drawn by the student with pencil. Variety of globes of various sizes, and in different kinds of mounting. Newton and Son's Terrestrial Globe. Complete orrery, or planetarium, in which the motions of the earth and moon, and of the planets and their satellites, are effected by mechanism, actuated by clockwork. Orreries, for educational purposes. Armillary sphere, mounted in a brass meridian, and attached to a brass stand. Spherical sun-dial for a lawn. [A celestial globe is an inverted representation of the heavens, on which the stars are laid down according to their relative positions. The eye is supposed to be in the centre of the globe. A terrestrial globe is a representation of the surface of the earth as far as it is known. The diurnal motion of this globe is from west to east, whilst that of the celestial globe is from east to west, to represent the apparent diurnal motion of the sun and stars.-J. G.] 213 BENTLEY, JOSEPH, 13 Paternoster Row-Inventor and Publisher. Plano globe. The northern and southern hemispheres are printed on circular pieces of pasteboard; each is confined to its revolving movement, by a brass meridian, allowing the same facility in working problems as the ordinary globe. A machine designed to measure and exhibit the ratio between the periphery and diameter of the circle. A machine or instrument designed to draw ellipses derived from cylinders and cones, and also the other conic sections, as parabolas and hyperbolas. A terrestrial and celestial globe combined, with the constellations arranged for facilitating the solution of astronomical problems, and for geographical and nautical purposes; with an apparatus to show the passage of the earth among the signs of the zodiac in its annual orbit, and the position of the sun in the opposite signs. A terrestrial globe, capable of separation into pieces, which may be used as convex maps for navigation, and other geographical purposes. Twelve patent convex maps of the earth, invented by the exhibitor, to form a geographical sphere, or to be used separately for marine purposes, and to constitute useful and ornamental fittings for rooms or cabins. 220 HORNE, THORNWAITE & WOOD, 123 Newgate StreetManufacturers. Electro-galvanic machine and set of instruments, for medical galvanism. The current of galvanism produced by this machine "flows only in one direction," and the quantity and intensity of the current are capable of being easily regulated. Represented in the following cut: Newton and Son's Planetarium. Horne and Co.'s Electro-Galvanic Machine. Apparatus for exhibiting dissolving views, chromatropes, &c., by the oxyhydrogen lime light, with illustrative NORTH, NORTH CENTRAL, AND SOUTH CENTRAL GALLERIES. Preparer. paintings and apparatus, showing the method of producing 249 HETT, ALEXANDER, 24 Bridge St., Southwark— the light, the arrangement of the lenses, and contrivance for dissolving the pictures. Oxyhydrogen microscope and apparatus, in case. Daguerreotype apparatus, consisting of an adjusting back camera, with compound achromatic lens, an improved bromine and iodine box, with contrivance for transferring the prepared plate to the frame of the camera, mercury box, plate-box, chemical-chest, buffs, plateholders, gilding stand, tripod, &c. The parts of the apparatus are so arranged that the process may be entirely performed in the light, without the necessity of a dark processes. Variety of injected microscopic objects, showing the application of this mode of preparation, for displaying the structure of parts and organs, and also serving to illustrate the utility and importance of the microscope in its application to the sciences of physiology and pathology. Microscope to exhibit the objects. [The injection of coloured substances into the minuter vessels of the animal frame is an art peculiar and difficult. Leuwenhoek succeeded perhaps better than any previous, and the majority of subsequent, observers, in preparing minute injections, many of which are still preserved as precious relics by the Royal Society. The injections employed consist of substances fluid when warm, and partially solidifying when cold. The apparatus employed is a powerful pump, the taper nozzle-piece of which is inserted Registered improved agricultural drainage-level. Balance galvanometer, for indicating the strength of into an artery.-R. E.] galvanic currents in grain weights. Manufacturers. "Optometer," an instrument for ascertaining the exist-250 FIELD, ROBERT, & SON, 113 New Street, Birmingham- ence of any defect in the refracting media of the eye, and for determining the range of adjustment for distances which it possesses. Patent electric indicator, for fire and thieves. Chemico-mechanical voltaic battery. Bust of Napoleon Bonaparte, from a model by Canova, executed by the electrotype process. Similar bust of Sir Walter Scott, from a model by Chantrey. Transparency, exhibiting the appearance of the lunar dise when in direct opposition to the sun, as seen through Herschel's 40-feet reflecting telescope. 233 GRAHAM, GEORGE, 8 Liverpool Street, Walworth -Inventor. Invention for directing an aerial machine. 234 GILBERT, G. MOUBRAY, Ealing-Proprietor. Patent portable celestial and terrestrial globes, inflated with atmospheric air, manufactured of superior tissue paper. The celestial globe is particularly adapted for the use of lecturers on astronomy: a view of the stars in their true position may be thus obtained. The terrestrial globe is inflated by means of an airpump, or simple movement of the hand. Large and small achromatic microscopes, with moveable stage. Dissecting microscope, with Wollaston's doublets. Compound achromatic lenses for photographic purposes. Calotype pictures; scene: Forest of Arden, Warwickshire; staircase, Haddon Hall, Derbyshire; and Wych Elm, Packington churchyard, Warwickshire. [The calotype picture is a negative one, in which the lights of nature are represented by shades; but copies from them can readily be made in which the lights are conformable to nature.—J. G.] in the top, are stands for compound achromatic microscopes, constructed so as to avoid tremor, with adjustments and complete apparatus. In the middle, are the requisites for mounting microscopic objects, the cells, slips, thin glass, fluid covers, &c., and a few preparations as specimens. The bottom is a new form of cabinet for the objects. Two tables, with revolving tops, for successively turning the microscope to two or three persons who can conveniently sit round. [A view of the stars in their true position, relatively to each other and to the observer, can only be obtained by [A compound achromatic microscope consists of two placing the eye inside of the celestial globe at its centre. or more combinations of lenses, by one of which an enA view of the countries of the earth in their true position can only be obtained by placing the eye outside of the ter-larged image of the object is formed, and by means of the other, or eye-glass, a magnified representation of the restrial globe, at an infinite distance; but this being impossible, the greater the distance, the more accurate is enlarged image is seen.] the view.] 254 Ross, A., 2 Featherstone Buildings, Holborn- This instrument is exhibited in the Western Nave. [The grinding of an object-glass of 114 inches in diameter to a good figure, and free from both spherical and chromatic aberration, is very difficult. The advantage of a large object-glass will be seen from the following consideration. The principal reason of the superior distinctness of a telescope over unassisted vision arises from the fact, that the pupil of the eye takes in a certain |