432 CLASS 10.-PHILOSOPHICAL, MUSICAL, HOROLOGICAL, KINGDOM.] 204 NORTH, NORTH CENTRAL, AND SOUTH CENTRAL GALLERIES. STOKER, JOHN, Doncaster-Inventor and Manufacturer. Angular terrestrial globe, adapted for the ready solution of geographical problems, and particularly to show the true motion of the earth in its orbit. Spherical geographical clock, intended to show the Provisiondifference of time between two given places. ally registered. 209 WILLIS, HENRY, 18 Manchester Street, Gray's Inn Road-Designer and Manufacturer. An organ, with three rows of keys, and two octaves and a fifth of pedals. This instrument is built upon the German plan, viz., 8 feet manuals, and 32 feet pedals; it contains 77 stops, nearly 4,500 pipes, the largest being CCCC 32 feet, the smallest C 3 of an inch. The great and swell organs are played by means of the pneumatic lever, applied vertically, and worked without the aid of additional wind pressure. In the choir and pedal organs are introduced two newly-invented patent valves, over which the pressure of the air has little influence; also a patent movement in connexion with a compound application of the pneumatic lever, which brings the instrument entirely under the performer's command. The mechanism includes several new arrangements, and in the various bellows there are five different pressures of air. This organ is represented in the opposite page as it stands in the Exhibition. [The superiority of the German plan for building organs chiefly consists in its preserving a balance of The attention of our power amongst its various masses. native builders has been profitably directed to this essential point for some time past, and we hope the time will soon come when an instrument will not be considered complete without a commensurate pedal organ.— H. E. D.] An organ, consisting of a swell, with 22 stops. A choir organ of 14 stops. A great organ of 20 stops. A pedal organ of 14 stops, and several coupling stops, exhibiting various improvements, including an extensive use of the " pneumatic lever." [Organs on the pneumatic principle were first introduced into churches by Pope Vitalianus, anno 666. Coupling-stops are used for combining two or more keyboards, so that playing on one produces the effect of both.-H. E. D.] 210 DUNIN, Mx. C. DE, London-Inventor, Manufacturer, and Patentee. Piece of mechanism intended to illustrate the different proportions of the human figure: it admits of being expanded from the size of the Apollo Belvidere to that of a colossal statue. [10.] The external part of the figure consists of a series of steel and copper plates sliding upon each other, and kept in contact by screws, nuts, and spiral springs; attached to these plates, and within the figure, are metal slides, having projecting pins at their extremities: these pins are inserted in curved grooves cut in circular steel plates; the curvature of these grooves being so arranged that when the steel plates are put in revolution by a train of wheels and screws the slides belonging to each particular part of the figure are expanded or contracted in correct proportion. The elongation of the figure is accomplished either by sliding metal tubes, provided with racks, and acted upon by a combination of wheels, or by screws and slides, as found most applicable for each particular part. Besides the general adjustments described, each part of the figure has an independent and separate adjustment, by which it can be put out of its correct likeness to the Apollo Belvedere, and made to represent the deformities or peculiarities of form of any individual. The varieties of figure and size of the human body are so numerous that it necessarily requires a great number of movements to represent them. Some idea may be formed of the number of mechanical combinations included in the figure, from the following list of the parts of which it is constructed, viz.-875 framing-pieces, 48 grooved steel plates, 163 wheels, 202 slides, 476 metal washers, 482 spiral springs, 704 sliding plates, 32 sliding tubes, 497 nuts, 3500 fixing and adjusting screws, and a considerable number of steadying pinions, &c., making the number of pieces, of which the figure is composed, upwards of 7000. It is stated that this invention. could easily be made applicable in the artist's studio; but that its more immediate object is to facilitate the exact fitting of garments, more especially in cases where great numbers are to be provided for, as in the equipment of an army, or providing clothing for a distant colony; that personal attendance is not required, since there is adapted to the figure, a new system of measurement which enables any person to take the exact size and form of an individual; and from the measurement so taken, the figure can be adjusted to represent correctly the person to be fitted, so that the clothing may be tried on, and, if necessary, altered with as much facility as if the original person, whose measure had been taken, were present. NORTH, NORTH CENTRAL, AND SOUTH CENTRAL GALLERIES. An establishment provided with three or four of such figures, would be sufficient to fit perfectly, and without any subsequent alteration, the clothing of an army of several hundred thousand inen, at whatever distance they might be from the establishment. The inventor states it as his intention to present this figure to his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias. 212 NEWTON, WM., & SON, 66 Chancery Lane, and 3 Fleet Street -Manufacturers. Large manuscript celestial globe, 6 feet in diameter, in which the positions of the stars are laid down from Flamstead's Catalogue, brought up to the year 1850. Pair of 25-inch globes, in carved rosewood frames. Slate globes of various sizes, with the meridians and parallels of latitude marked upon them, so that outline maps may be drawn by the student with pencil. Variety of globes of various sizes, and in different kinds of mounting. Newton and Son's Terrestrial Globe. Complete orrery, or planetarium, in which the motions of the earth and moon, and of the planets and their satellites, are effected by mechanism, actuated by clockwork. Orreries, for educational purposes. Armillary sphere, mounted in a brass meridian, and attached to a brass stand. Spherical sun-dial for a lawn. [A celestial globe is an inverted representation of the heavens, on which the stars are laid down according to their relative positions. The eye is supposed to be in the centre of the globe. A terrestrial globe is a representation of the surface of the earth as far as it is known. The diurnal motion of this globe is from west to east, whilst that of the celestial globe is from east to west, to represent the apparent diurnal motion of the sun and stars.-J. G.] 213 BENTLEY, JOSEPH, 13 Paternoster Row-Inventor and Publisher. Plano globe. The northern and southern hemispheres are printed on circular pieces of pasteboard; each is confined to its revolving movement, by a brass meridian, allowing the same facility in working problems as the ordinary globe. A machine designed to measure and exhibit the ratio between the periphery and diameter of the circle. A machine or instrument designed to draw ellipses derived from cylinders and cones, and also the other conic sections, as parabolas and hyperbolas. A terrestrial and celestial globe combined, with the constellations arranged for facilitating the solution of astronomical problems, and for geographical and nautical purposes; with an apparatus to show the passage of the earth among the signs of the zodiac in its annual orbit, and the position of the sun in the opposite signs. A terrestrial globe, capable of separation into pieces, which may be used as convex maps for navigation, and other geographical purposes. Twelve patent convex maps of the earth, invented by the exhibitor, to form a geographical sphere, or to be used separately for marine purposes, and to constitute useful and ornamental fittings for rooms or cabins. 220 HORNE, THORNWAITE & WOOD, 123 Newgate StreetManufacturers. Electro-galvanic machine and set of instruments, for medical galvanism. The current of galvanism produced by this machine "flows only in one direction," and the quantity and intensity of the current are capable of being easily regulated. Represented in the following cut: Newton and Son's Planetarium. Horne and Co.'s Electro-Galvanic Machine. Apparatus for exhibiting dissolving views, chromatropes, &c., by the oxyhydrogen lime light, with illustrative NORTH, NORTH CENTRAL, AND SOUTH CENTRAL GALLERIES. paintings and apparatus, showing the method of producing 249 HETT, ALEXANDER, 24 Bridge St., Southwarkthe light, the arrangement of the lenses, and contrivance for dissolving the pictures. Oxyhydrogen microscope and apparatus, in case. Daguerreotype apparatus, consisting of an adjusting back camera, with compound achromatic lens, an improved bromine and iodine box, with contrivance for transferring the prepared plate to the frame of the camera, mercury box, plate-box, chemical-chest, buffs, plateholders, gilding stand, tripod, &c. The parts of the apparatus are so arranged that the process may be entirely performed in the light, without the necessity of a dark Registered improved agricultural drainage-level. Preparer. Variety of injected microscopic objects, showing the application of this mode of preparation, for displaying the structure of parts and organs, and also serving to illustrate the utility and importance of the microscope in its application to the sciences of physiology and pathology. Microscope to exhibit the objects. [The injection of coloured substances into the minuter vessels of the animal frame is an art peculiar and difficult. Leuwenhoek succeeded perhaps better than any previous, and the majority of subsequent, observers, in preparing minute injections, many of which are still preserved as precious relics by the Royal Society. The injections employed consist of substances fluid when warm, and partially solidifying when cold. The apparatus employed is a powerful pump, the taper nozzle-piece of which is inserted Balance galvanometer, for indicating the strength of into an artery.-R. E.] galvanic currents in grain weights. Manufacturers. "Optometer," an instrument for ascertaining the exist-250 FIELD, ROBERT, & SON, 113 New Street, Birmingham- · ence of any defect in the refracting media of the eye, and for determining the range of adjustment for distances which it possesses. Patent electric indicator, for fire and thieves. Chemico-mechanical voltaic battery. Bust of Napoleon Bonaparte, from a model by Canova, executed by the electrotype process. Similar bust of Sir Walter Scott, from a model by Chantrey. Transparency, exhibiting the appearance of the lunar disc when in direct opposition to the sun, as seen through Herschel's 40-feet reflecting telescope. 233 GRAHAM, GEORGE, 8 Liverpool Street, Walworth -Inventor. Invention for directing an aerial machine. 234 GILBERT, G. MOUBRAY, Ealing-Proprietor. Large and small achromatic microscopes, with moveable stage. Dissecting microscope, with Wollaston's doublets. SMITH, JAMES, & BECK, RICHARD, 6 Coleman Glass case; in the top, are stands for compound achromatic microscopes, constructed so as to avoid tremor, with adjustments and complete apparatus. In the middle, are the requisites for mounting microscopic objects, the cells, slips, thin glass, fluid covers, &c., and a few preparations as specimens. The bottom is a new form of air-cabinet for the objects. Patent portable celestial and terrestrial globes, inflated with atmospheric air, manufactured of superior tissue paper. The celestial globe is particularly adapted for the use of lecturers on astronomy: a view of the stars in their true position may be thus obtained. The terrestrial globe is inflated by means of an pump, or simple movement of the hand. Two tables, with revolving tops, for successively turning the microscope to two or three persons who can conveniently sit round. [A view of the stars in their true position, relatively to each other and to the observer, can only be obtained by [A compound achromatic microscope consists of two placing the eye inside of the celestial globe at its centre. A view of the countries of the earth in their true position or more combinations of lenses, by one of which an encan only be obtained by placing the eye outside of the ter-larged image of the object is formed, and by means of the other, or eye-glass, a magnified representation of the restrial globe, at an infinite distance; but this being impossible, the greater the distance, the more accurate is enlarged image is seen.] the view.] 254 Ross, A., 2 Featherstone Buildings, Holborn- This instrument is exhibited in the Western Nave. [The grinding of an object-glass of 11 inches in diameter to a good figure, and free from both spherical and chromatic aberration, is very difficult. The advantage of a large object-glass will be seen from the following consideration. The principal reason of the superior distinctness of a telescope over unassisted vision arises from the fact, that the pupil of the eye takes in a certain NORTH, NORTH CENTRAL, AND SOUTH CENTRAL GALLERIES. number of rays of light; but, on looking through a telescope, it takes in as many more rays in proportion as the object-glass is larger than the pupil itself, and the object appears as brilliant as it would were the pupil of the eye to be enlarged to the size of the object-glass.-J. G.] Chemical pottery wares. Complete apparatus for distillation and condensation. Manufactured in terra cotta chemical-stone ware, to stand great heat, and lined with acid-proof glaze. Astronomical telescope, 3 inches in diameter, mounted on an equatorial stand." Astronomical telescope, 24 inches in diameter, mounted on a pillar-and-claw stand. Improved microscopes, with new method of illumina surfaces cemented together. The cap, b, contains a small eye-hole, a. Its novelty consists in its construction, which secures a large and flat field of view, together with the removal of spherical and chromatic aberration. In consequence of the purity of its achromatism, the webs of the transit instrument and micrometer are seen as fine black lines, and hence it is found by experiment that observations are made more perfectly than with the common positive eye-piece which is not achromatic. No light is lost, as in the usual construction, by inner reflections, and there is no formation of the false image or "ghost" of planets and the brighter stars. From the following data the curves of the lenses may be determined for a given focal length: where f 256 0.657 0.775xf. = whole focal length for parallel rays. HUDSON, FREDERICK THOMAS, Greenwich- Microscopic objects-being minute parts of animal, vegetable, and mineral tissues, and structures, prepared for examination by the microscope. 257 VARLEY & SON, 1 Charles Street, Clarendon Square-Inventors and Makers. Graphic telescopes, by which general views or images of objects, either far or near, may be accurately traced, of any size. Reversing camera, by which pictures or objects may be traced the reverse way. Microscope, in which the moveable stage is kept parallel to one position whilst freely moved about in any direc tion. Reflecting telescopes. Model of the apparatus for mounting together and changing three small speculums of large Gregorian telescopes, so as not to lose sight of the object; thus the power may be doubled, or quadrupled, or reduced without loss of time. Air-pump, with crank motion and double-acting single barrel. New double-acting exhausting air-pump, with increased power. Portable electrical apparatus: on moving the inner tubes to and fro, the outer tube becomes charged in the same manner as the Leyden phial. 258 JACKSON, E. & W., 315 Oxford Street-Inventors. Thin glass, used for microscopic purposes, and for the polarization of light. Cells for mounting microscopic objects. Slides for microscopic purposes; exhibited for economy in production. 259 CHADBURN BROTHERS, Sheffield and LiverpoolManufacturers. Specimens of glass in the rough state, suitable for spectacles. Glass, cut round and oval, ready for cementing on the blocks. A block of glasses ready for grinding, being plane or parallel. A block of glasses ground to the required radius. The focus of the glass depending on the radius of the lap in which they are ground. A lap, 12 inches radius; glasses when ground on both sides in it, are 12 inches focus. A block of glasses, ground and polished, ready to be taken off. Tool used for polishing the glasses. A block of concave glasses finished; being cemented in the lap, they are ground hollow. Glasses ready for fitting into spectacles. The exhibitors grind 750 dozen per week, on the average. Provisionally registered portable barometer. The improvement consists in making the cistern of glass (which is covered) with a flexible cover, which can be pressed down, so as to prevent the mercury oscillating when the barometer is carried about or packed for travelling. Optical lenses, of various kinds. Spectacles-reading and magnifying glasses, &c. Opera glasses and small telescopes. Day or night ship and signal telescopes. Large and portable achromatic telescopes. Simple and compound microscopes. Magic lanterns and views. Camera-obscuras and diagonal mirrors. Agricultural and surveyors' levels, &c. Horse-shoe and other magnets. Steam and vacuum gauges. Barometers, &c. Garden and window syringes. Galvano electric machines. Ship's berth or side illuminators and ventilators. Working models of steam-engines, &c. Craig's charactograph. 263 ABRAHAM, ABRAHAM, & Co., 20 Lord Street, Liverpool-Manufacturers. Trinoptric prismatic lantern, with apparatus for making oxygen gas, viz.: gas bag, retort, and purifier, invented by the Rev. St. Vincent Beechy. It combines the powers of three lanterns, with one small lamp of intense brightness. A disc of 25 feet for each tube may be obtained, and each disc is capable of being darkened to any required extent, without shadow on any portion of the picture. Dioptric prismatic lantern, producing two in lieu of three discs. Compound miscroscope, exhibited for workmanship. Portable sketching camera obscura. In the optical arrangement, a meniscus and prism are employed in lieu of a lens and mirror, and a vivid flat picture is obtained. [The trinoptric and dioptric lanterns exhibited, are for the purpose of producing panoramic and other pictures, generally displayed by means of the phantasmagoria lanterns and dissolving-view apparatus. The lamp employed is an oil-lamp, supplied with oxygen gas, on the principle of the Bude light.] |