superstitious Indians who inhabit Ilalo are very exclusive, forbidding the approach of any white man to their mountain; and for this reason, probably, this Hummer has never before been seen. The collection contains one hundred and twentysix species of Trochilidæ.

Chatura rutila Vieill. This elegant little Swift or "Nocturnal Swallow" was obtained in the Quito Valley, where it is very rare. Vieillot's type was found in Trinidad; Lafresnaye's specimens were from New Grenada; and Salvin procured them in Guatemala, where Sclater says it properly belongs. Its nest is not made of mud and sticks like that of its northern representative, our chimney swallow, but chiefly of moss, very compact and shallow, and located in dark culverts about two feet above the water; never on houses or trees.

Brachygalba lugubris Sw. RE-DISCOVERED TYPE. Since this Jacamar was first described in 1838, not a single specimen has come under the notice of any naturalist; and in 1853, Mr. Sclater declared that Swainson's bird remained to be re-discovered. This specimen was shot by Mr. Gilbert at Valencia in 1867, and has been recognized by the distinguished ornithologist, George N. Lawrence, Esq., as the lost lugubris. The only discrepancy from Swainson's description is the possession of four toes instead of three; but the hind toe is quite small. It is distinct from B. inornata. Jacamars stand next to the Trogons and Hummers in the beauty of their golden-bronze, and steel-colored plumage. They are peculiar to tropical America, and Guiana is their true home. None have been seen on the west slope of the Andes.

Todirostrum gracilipes Scl. The type in the British Museum came from Bogota; but this specimen was obtained by Hauxwell on the Upper Amazon. From the same locality we have the Empidomus varius.

Myiarchus Lawrencii Gir., Basileuterus Belli Gir., B. Brasieri Gir., Dendroica olivacea Gir., and Cardellina rubrifrons Gir. The types of these species formerly belonged

to this cabinet, but are now in the Smithsonian Institution, and are replaced by other specimens collected by Sumichrast, Salvin and Verreaux. To the day of his death, Mr. Giraud contended that the types were collected within the State of Texas.

Myiozetetes inornatus Lawr. TYPE. From Valencia, Ven

ezuela.

Turdus Hauxwelli Lawr. TYPE. From Pebas, Peru. Dendroica tigrina Gm. This handsome specimen was shot by Wilson in the vicinity of Cape May, 1812, and was described by him as a new species. Gmelin, however, in 1788 had named it Motacilla tigrina.

Euphonia elegantissima Bp. Our specimens do not conform to Sclater's description: the throat of the male is not "black," but bluish black like the back; the forehead is not "chestnut, margined behind with black," but is bright yellow.

E. nigricollis Vieill. This Tanager is one of the best songsters in the Valley of Quito; the other birds only twitter and chirp; like the people, too lazy to sing. The Mimus lividus is its rival in Brazil. The Tanagers generally have no melody of voice. They are restless, wary birds, having a rapid, abrupt flight, and seldom hopping on the ground. They are most numerous in New Granada, and the most important genus is Calliste. To the puzzling question, "What is a Tanager, ?" Sclater answers, "a dentirostral Finch." At Quito the Finches build their nests in October.

Atticora fasciata Gm. This type of the genus is described by Baird as having ten tail feathers: both male and female in the Vassar collection show twelve. They are from the Maranon.

Pipra deliciosa Scl. One of the most brilliantly colored of the Manakins, the male being also remarkable for the singular structure of its wings, the secondaries being curved. By the natives it is called "Watchman," because it flies before certain blue birds, and makes a noise with its wings in case of danger.

Diglossa aterrima Lafr. The natives say that it changes its colors if taken to Pichincha, becoming like D. Lafresnayi. Rupicola sanguinolenta Gould. This splendid "Cock of the Rock" is found only, we believe, on the western Andean slope. The R. Peruviana is confined to the eastern slope, and the R. crocea to the mountains of Guiana. It frequents shady ravines and is very shy. It "plays 'possum," falling apparently dead when shot at, but soon flies off. It makes a guttural noise not unlike the grunt of a hog. Like the Bird of Paradise, Peacock, Turkey, etc., the Cock of the Rock makes an extraordinary display of its finery just prior to the breeding season.

Chrysomitris Mexicana Bp. TYPE of Fringilla Texensis

Gir.

Ocyalus latirostris Sw., Clypicterus oseryi and Amblycersus solitarius. These splendid specimens of Icteridae were obtained on the Upper Amazon, where they appear to be rare.

Icterus Grace-annae Cass. This seems to be the only specimen found since its description. The type is in the Philadelphia Academy. This fixes the locality (Machala near Guayaquil), which was not positively known.

Cephalopterus ornatus Vieill. This Umbrella Bird came from the Upper Amazon. It was formerly thought to be confined to the islands in the Rio Negro. It is found only on the eastern side of the Andes; the C. penduliger being restricted to the western slope, and C. glabricollis to Central America. The throat lappet of penduliger is nearly ten inches long; that of ornatus about four, and of glabricollis insignificant. According to Fraser, the appendage seems generally held in a bunch like a rose under the throat, and to fall after death.

Chloranas vinacea and Ortolida guttata; from the Upper Amazon. Near Savouita on the west slope of the Andes is an Ortolida whose note sounds like trabajá, trabajá (work! work!), and the response of the answering bird is manana, manana (to-morrow), a parody on Spanish character.

Meleagris ocellata Temm. A pair, male and female, in fine plumage.

Lophortyx Gambelii Nutt. Of this bird, "whose rarity is only equalled by its beauty" says Gould, there is a pair in perfect condition.

Demiegretta Pealii Bp., Garzetta candidissima Gm., Florida caruba Linn., and Ibis alba Linn. These specimens once belonged to Audubon, from which he made the drawings for his large work.

Platalea ajaja Linn. This specimen was obtained of Dr. Trudeau. It was shot on the plantation of his father near Charleston, S. C.

Aphriza virgata Gm. TYPE of Audubon's A. Townsendi, from the mouth of Columbia River; the only specimen obtained within the bounds of the United States. Properly belongs to the Pacific Islands. Professor Baird doubts its occurrence on the shores of the northern Pacific, but Dr. Sclater does not. Several have been found on Vancouver's Island.

Phalaropus Wilsonii Sab. A superb specimen in Bell's best style of mounting.

Anser Gambelii Hart.

Original of Audubon's drawing.

Original of Audubon's drawing.
Specimen shot on Long

Bernicla leucopsis Linn.
Somateria spectabilis Linn.

Island Sound!

Sterna Trudeauii Aud. TYPE. The original of Audubon's figure and description; shot at Great Egg Harbor. According to Mr. Giraud, the only specimen found in North America. It is in full plumage.

Colymbus arcticus and C. septentrionalis Linn. Originals of Audubon's drawings.

Podiceps occipitalis Less. This grebe was found by the writer on Lake Mica, which is on the side of Antisana, Ecuador, 13,300 feet above the Pacific. It appears to be identical with the species abounding on the coast of Chili and Straits of Magellan. It is difficult to conceive how this

purely aquatic bird could or would ascend and cross the western Cordillera, and then ascend to an icy, solitary lake on the shoulder of one of the loftiest volcanoes in the eastern range, 2,500 miles from its native place. Forbes found Cyclas Chilensis (formerly considered peculiar to the most southern and coldest part of Chili at the level of the sea) abundant in fresh-water ponds in the Bolivian plateau near La Paz, 14,000 feet high. Do not these facts point to changes in the Andes on a grand scale, and at a rate which, measured by the time required for a change of species, must be termed rapid?

Alca impennis Linn. Original of Audubon's figure. A notice of this specimen was published in the American Naturalist, 1869.

DURING the month of February of the present year (1870), Professor George H. Cook, State Geologist, sent to the author of this paper a number of "frost-fish," or "smelt" (Osmerus mordax), and among them was the single specimen figured above. On submitting this cyprinoid to Pro