the Pottawatomis. A numerous tribe of the same family is that of the Crees, distributed over the whole North-west from Hudson Bay to the Rockies. These people were conspicuous in the Saskatchewan rebellion. Along the Rockies, from the Saskatchewan southward, spread the Blackfeet, another influential branch of this stock. The Algonquins, in general, though ranking lower than the Iroquois, stand high in relation to the other Indian families.

IROQUOIS STOCK.

Of this family the dominant tribes were those known as the Iroquois, or Five Nations, a confederation skilfully organized and sagaciously conducted. It was not alone their warlike prowess - their courage, swiftness, and relentlessness- that made their name a living fear from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Their command of the arts of policy and diplomacy was no small part of their strength. They were farseeing enough to adopt a definite policy, and sufficiently stable to follow it out through successive generations. Their shrewdness and steadiness of purpose thus enabled them for a long time to hold a sort of balance of power between the French and English colonies, and gained them a degree of consideration never paid to any other Indians. The five tribes making up the Iroquois Confederacy were the Mohawks, occupying the Lake Champlain region, and extending eastward nearly to the land of the Abenakis; the Oneidas, lying immediately west of the Mohawks; the Onondagas, in the centre, holding the main lodge and council fire of the Confederacy; the Cayugas, south of the eastern end of Lake Ontario; and the Senecas, on the western flank of the Confederacy, occupying the Niagara district. To this league was afterwards added a kindred tribe, the Tuscaroras, which migrated northward from North Carolina; and thenceforward the Confederacy was known as the Six Nations. Immediately west of the Senecas dwelt the Neutral Nation, so called, whose neutrality did not save them from ultimate destruction by their all-conquering kindred. Another tribe of this stock, the fierce Eries, or "Wild Cats," suffered the same fate as the Neutrals, when they were so unhappy as to cross the path and purposes of the Five Nations. The habitat of the Eries was south of the great lake to which they have left their name. Especially conspicuous throughout the earlier history of Canada was the great tribe of the Hurons, or Wyandots, occupying the fertile regions east and south of Georgian Bay. Here they had populous villages and well-tilled fields;

and they dwelt in firm alliance with the French as well as with the neighboring Algonquin tribes, till the flame of Iroquois hate devoured them. In courage, in organization and development, and in language, they were so like their triumphant kinsfolk that these latter were always ready to adopt them into their own tribal organizations. Indeed, the avowed object of the Iroquois in one of their most devastating wars was to force the Hurons into union with certain of their tribes, whose ranks had become depleted. Unlike most Indians, those of the Iroquois family do not deteriorate or die out when brought in contact with civilization. They are almost as numerous at the present day as they were when their power was at its height; they can point to self-supporting and prosperous communities as evidence of their capacity for civilization; and individual members of these communities have pushed their way to prominence in various walks of modern life.

There are many Indian tribes in Canada which belong to neither of the above great families, but few of these have played any notable part in our story. Of the great DAKOTA FAMILY, we have the Assiniboines, and those "Iroquois of the west," the Sioux. These latter, having their home in Minnesota and the Dakotas, have at times moved over the border and given concern to our Indian Department. The Assiniboines, dwelling on the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan rivers, are second only to the Crees in importance among the tribes of our North-west.

To the north of the Crees and Assiniboines we come upon a tribe called the Chippewyans, belonging to the ATHABASCAN STOCK. Of this stock also are other North-west tribes, such as the Dog-Ribs, Yellow-Knives, and Sarsi. The most famous and most formidable member of the Athabascan stock is the great Apache nation, whose implacable ferocity is, fortunately for us, confined to a sphere far south of the Canadian borders.

INDEX.

Acadian expulsion, 128, 129; settlement Arnold, Colonel Benedict, 186.

American plan of campaign, 226; plan | Bank fisheries, the, 7.

of secession, 339; hostility, 347; and
Canadian federations, 352; poaching
on Canadian fisheries, 360.

Americans driven out of Canada, 188.
Amerigo Vespucci, 6.

Bouquet, Colonel Henry, 175.
Boulton, Solicitor-General, 274.
Braddock, General, 132, 133, 134.

Battle of the fleets on Lake Ontario, 241. Bradstreet, 147, 175.