FAWCETT (Blanche), Hyde Park, W. July 21; Stephenson, Harwood, and Co., 31, Lombard-st, E.C. 3. FORSTER (Carlota Maria), Gloucester-gate. July 21; Vallance and Vallunce, 20, Essex-st, Strand, W.C. FISHER (Louis Walter), Kensington. July 25; G. and A. Marshall, 10, New-sq, Lincoln's-inn, W.C. Fox (William Parker), Sheffield. June 30; Clegg and Sons, Sheffield. GABBATT (John Thomas), Silsden. July 21; E. Lloyd, Liverpool. GALLAGHER (Eliza), Northwich. July 21; Batesons, Warr, and Wimshurst, Liverpool. GOODCHILD (Charles), Pimlico, S.W. July 16; W. Norman, 95, Pathfieldrd, Streatham Common, S.W. 16. GARNETT (George), Hove. July 23; Cockburn, Gostling, and Cockburn, Brighton. GRAHAM (Mary Jessie), Strawberry Hill. July 23; P. K. Langdale, Atlantic House, Holborn-viaduct, E.C. 1. GREENHALGH (William Thomas), Pendleton. July 31; Bingham, Hall, and Ritchie, Manchester. GREENHALGH (Betty), Oldham. July 31; G. E. Mellor and Co., Oldham. GREGSON (Marguerite Jeanne), Combe Down, Bath. July 21; Gibsons and Sturton, Lancaster. HINCHCLIFFE (Emmeline), Bramhope. July 24; Ratcliffe and Co., Bradford HAYNES (Henzey), Handsworth. July 21; R. L. Holt, Birmingham. HERTSLET (Walter Alfred), Stratford-sub-Castle, Salisbury. Aug. 5; Fladgate and Co., 18-19, Pall Mall, S.W. 1. HOLLAND (Emily), Linchmere. July 31; J. Pitfield, Petworth, Sussex. HOYLE (Hannah), Chesham Bank, Bury, July 31, R. Innes, Manchester. HUNT (Corp. Ernest Henry), 242nd D.E.C. Labour Corps, and Leamington. July 21; Wright, Hassall, and Co., Leamington. JEFFRIES (Ann), Wallington. Aug. 1; W. H. Martin and Co., 18-19, Ironmonger-la, E.C. 2. JENNISON (Second Lieut. James Leonard), West Yorkshire Regiment, and Wincle. July 25; Hall and Co., Manchester. KAY (Edward), Sheffield. July 31; C. Barker, Sheffield. KINGHAM (John), Shanklin, I. of W. July 21; Wilkins and Son, Aylesbury. KIRBY (William Arthur), Victoria-st, S. W. July 21; Jennings and Son, 69, Leadenhall-st, E.C. KREISMAN (Philip), West End-la, N.W. 6. July 31; Anning and Co., 78. Cheapside, E.C. 2. LADD (Lewis), Dolranog and Yetyrhos, Newport, Pembroke. July 26; M. Ladd, Yetyrhos, or her sols., George, Davies, and Evans, Cardi gan. LAND (Capt. Joseph John, retired), Norwich. July 28; E. A. Kent, Norwich. LANFEAR (Emily Mary Elizabeth), Ealing. July 28; G. W. Bower, 25, Old-bldgs, Lincoln's-inn, W.C. 1. LAWRENCE (Thomas), Chiswick Park. July 24; J. D. Langton and Passmore, 2, Paper-bldgs, Temple, E.C. 4. LEAKE (Capt. Russell Medley, M.C.), Loyal North Lancaster Regiment, and Hale. July 19; Hall, Hawkins, Pimblott, Brydon, and Chapman, Manchester. LEAKE (Capt. Eric Gilbert, M.C.), Royal Air Force, and Hale. July 19; Hall, Hawkins, Pimblott, Brydon, and Chapman, Manchester. LEIGHTON (Mary), Bollington. Aug. 5; R. Scholes and Co., Manchester. LETHBRIDGE (Sir Roper, K.C.I.E.), Exbourne. July 20; Hunter and Haynes, 9, New-sq, Lincoln's-inn, W.C. 2. LIMA (Sir Bertram Lewis), Bayswater. July 26; Ashurst, Morris, Crisp, and Co., 17, Throgmorton-av, E.C. LEITE (Alfredo Pinto), Clapham Common. July 26; S. W. Digby, 14, Queen-st, Cheapside, E.C. LOCKWOOD (Capt. Henry Boileau), H.M. Army, and Regent's Park-rd, N.W. July 23; Buad, Brodie, and Hart, 33, Bedford-row, W.C. 1. LOTINGA (William), Putney, S.W. July 21; L. Cardinall, 15, Red Lionst, Holborn, W.C. LAVERTON (Walter), Withington. Aug. 1; Briggs and Whitworth, Manchester. MARRON (Hannah), Lower Broughton. July 5; Lee, Scott, and Start, Manchester. MOULSDALE (Robert Edwards), Colwyn Bay. Sept. 1; Nunn and Co., Colwyn Bay. MORGAN (Thomas), Liverpool. July 23; G. Hime, Liverpool. MCLEAN (Lieut. John Alexander, retired), Bloxham. July 19; E. L. Fisher, Banbury MURPHY (Ann), Cubitt Town, E. July 25; Hulbert, Crowe, and Hulbert, 4. Broad-st-bldgs, E.C. 2. MARTIN (Edward), Tettenhall. July 5; B. Hall, Wolverhampton. NEW (Elizabeth), Kensington Gardens-sq, W. July 19; Rooke and Sons, 45, Lincoln's-inn-fids, W.C. 2. NORTON (George Henry), Handsworth, who traded as Thomas Bloor, at Birmingham. Aug. 16; Shorthouse Bowen and Co., Birmingham. NUTTALL (Caroline Latimer), Kensington, W. July 31; Saxton and Son, 11, Queen Victoria-st, E.C. 4. PAULDEN (Mary Jane). Heaton Park. Aug. 5; R. Scholes and Co., Manchester. PAYNE (John), Bradford. June 30; V. and C. A. Payne, 9, Whetleygrove, Bradford. PEARSON (Marion De Hauteville), Tunbridge Wells. July 31; J. B. and F. Purchase, 14, Regent-st, S.W. 1. PENNIE (Robert Murray), Higher Broughton. July 25; E. T. Bullin, Manchester. PENDLEBURY (John Ainsworth). Elton, Bury.. July 25; C. H. Pickstone, Radcliffe, Lancs. Advances upon Stocks and Shares will be entertained upon favourable terms by the LEGAL AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. The transactions can be carried out expeditiously and cheaply, and full particulars will be sent unon application to No. 10, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. July 21; T. Goddard PENNY (James Burton), Wellington, New Zealand. RANGER (Isabella Charlotte), Newbury. July 20; Pitman and Bazett, RELTON (Laura Josephine), Kensington. July 24; G. and A. Marshall, 10, ROBSON (James), Heyhouses, St. Annes-on-the-Sea. July 31; Lonsdale and Grey, St. Annes-on-the-Sea. ROSE (George Pringle), Tilthams, Godalming. July 31; Capron and ROYLE (Joseph), Heaton Norris and Manchester. Aug. 14; T. J. Row- ROWE (Sarah Jane), Hastings. Aug. 1; Chalinder, Herington, and SANDERSON (Thomas), Lemington. Aug. 1; C. H. Gibson, Newcastleupon-Tyne. SCOTT (Charles Herbert), Gloucester. July 31; H. W. Grimes, Gloucester. SHRIMPTON (Mary Rose), Oxford and Wootten. Sept. 29; T. Mallam and Co., Oxford ST. OSWALD (Right Hon. Rowland, Baron), Nostell Priory. July 31; SPURRELL (Katharine Anne), Bessingham, Norwich. July 31; Blake, SWAIN (Thomas Richardson), New Cross, Old Kent-rd, and Lambeth, TEMPLE (Ann Hewlett), Groombridge, and Queen's Gate-grdns, S.W. Aug. 1; Ince, Colt, Ince, and Roscoe, St. Benet-chmbrs, Fenchurchst, E.C. 3. THOMAS (George Edward), Teddington. July 18; Guillaume and Sons, 9. Salisbury-sq, Fleet-st, E.C. 4. THOMAS (William) and THOMAS (Jane), Brynawel, Aberdare. June 30; TOMKINSON (Harold Thornton), Edgbaston. July 31; J. H. Glover, Liverpool. VAN LANSCHOOTEN, otherwise KULP (Emily), Canonbury. N. July 24; Rexworthy, Barnard, and Bonser, Pancras-chmbrs, 90-91, Queen-st, E.C. 4. VINE (Rev. Marshall George), Redhill. July 21; Keen, Rogers, and Co., 59. Carter-la, E.C. WARREN (Mary), Petersfield. July 17; P. C. Burley, Petersfield, Hants. WALMSLEY (Margaret Ann). Leeds. July 22; J. B. Brooke and Dyer, Leeds. WHITEHEAD (Joseph), Eldwick, Bingley. July 24; H. M. Dawson, Bradford. WEBLEY-PARRY-PRYSE (Major Sir Edward John, Bart.), Gogerddan. July 31; Roberts and Evans, Aberystwyth. WHEELER (Sarah Jane), Swindon. July 1; Morrison and Masters, Swindon. WILSON (Augustus Charles), Boscombe, and Woodford Bridge, Essex. July 24; T. C. Newman, 22, Southampton-st, Bloomsbury-sq. W.C. 1. WILLIAMS (Mary Ann Hester), Bitterne Park. July 21; E. R. Ensor, Southampton. WILSON (George), Ardwick. July 20; J. O. Hardicker and Hanson, Manchester. WIGRAM (Roland Lewis), Braunton. July 7; D. M. Paul and Co., 2, New-ct, Lincoln's-inn, W.C. 2. WILDE (Henry), Alderley Edge, Cheshire. Aug. 2; Slater, Heelis, Colley, Sandbach, and Anderson, Manchester. YATES (Ralph), Leigh. July 9; Marsh, Son, and Calvert, Leigh, Lancs. LAW SOCIETIES. THE LAW SOCIETY. THE annual general meeting of the members of the society will be held at the society's hall (Chancery.lane entrance), on Friday, the 11th July, at 2 p.m. Sir Walter Trower will move: "That in view of the pledge of the Prime Minister to remove all existing inequalities of the law as between men and women and to ensure for women the opportunities they seek in our schools and universities to fit them for the trades and professions in which they can suitably engage, they be admitted to the society's lectures and classes." Sir Kingeley Wood, M.P., will move: "That it is desirable that at an early date the valuable and ancient rights of litigants to trial by jury which were suspended by the Juries Act 1918 shall be restored to them." Mr. James Dodd will move: "That it is in the public interest that solicitors should have audience in all courts co-equal with barristers." Mr. E. A. Bell will move: "That the council be requested forthwith to recommend to the Rule Committee that Order LXV., r. 27, reg. 38a, be amended by a regulation to be known as 38a (1) as follows: 'A party claiming costs shall, if he think fit, be entitled to bring in a schedule of disbursements and a precis disclosing the nature, interests, and value involved, and the other circumstances, of the proceedings in respect of A letter was laid on the table from Mr. G. R. Thorne, M.P., stating that he had questioned the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the House of Commons as to whether he could arrange that solicitors who joined His Majesty's forces within three years after being admitted should not, as & result of their military service, lose the benefit of the provision under which solicitors' certificate duty is payable at only one half the full rate for the first three years after admission, and that the Chancellor of the Exchequer had replied that he had authorised the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, on being satisfied as to the facts, to allow a claim for repayment of half the duty, where the period which has elapsed from the time of the solicitor's admission, excluding the period of his service with the forces, is less than three years. PUBLIC TRUSTEE OFFICE. The president (Mr. R. A. Pinsent, Birmingham), Mr. C. H. Morton (Liverpool), and Mr. Roger Gregory (members of the council) were nominated to give evidence on behalf of the Legal Profession before the Departmental Committee which has been appointed by the Lord Chancellor to inquire into the organisation of the Public Trustee Office. PROVINCIAL MEETING 1920. A letter was read from the Incorporated Law Society of Liverpool inviting the society to hold a provincial meeting in the autumn of 1920. The invitation was accepted, with thanks. ACQUISITION OF LAND BILL. The President reported that clause 3 (1) of this Bill, giving the official valuer power to exclude counsel and solicitors from audience before him, had been withdrawn. MEDICO-LEGAL SOCIETY. ANNUAL MEETING. THE annual general meeting of the Medico-Legal Society was held on Tuesday, at 11, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. 1, Sir William Collins, ex-president, taking the chair. Among the members of the Legal Profession present were Mr. R. Henslowe Wellington and Mr. E. Goddard (hon. secretary). The officers and council for the session 1919-1920 were elected as follows: President, Mr. R. Henslowe Wellington; vice-presidents, Sir John Macdonell, K C.B., Mr. A. H. Trevor, Dr. Finucane, Dr. Crookshank, and Dr. Wilcox; hon. treasurer, Mr. Walter Schröder; hon. auditors, Mr. G. C. Gardiner and Dr. Maughan; members of the council, Mr. Cooper King, Dr. Haden Guest, and Dr. Nathan Raw; hon. secretaries, Mr. E. Goddard and Dr. Spilsbury. The report of the hon. secretary, Dr. Crookshank, was adopted. The Chairman said that, as having been the first president of the society, he looked back to the twelve or thirteen years which had since passed and he asserted confidently that the society had justified its existence. It had proved its usefulness both to the legal and to the medical professions. It was fortunate in baving also included in its membership the intelligent layman, and in that respect it was unique in its constitution. No other society competed with it in the amount of work it did. They had to deeply regret the death during the year of two of their past presidents, Sir Samuel Evans, his old friend in the House of Commons, than whom no more popular Solicitor-General had ever addressed that assembly and who, in his later life, had, by his wonderful grasp of naval law, earned a reputation not less than that of Lord Stowell, and also Dr. Frederick J. Smith. The loss of these two luminaries, one in law, the other in medicine, was greatly to be deplored. THE LUNACY ACT 1890. Dr. Lionel Weatherly delivered an address entitled "A Point of General Importance-the Interpretation of sects. 47 and 321 (2) of the Lunacy Act 1890." He said that Dr. Nathan Raw at a recent meeting of the society had said that the members of the House of Commons had done great and good work in drafting Acts of Parliament, but he (Dr. Weatherly) was not so sure that that remark could be made of all their work of that kind. He had no hesitation in saying that if some of the clauses of the Lunacy Act were put before ten different counsel every one of them would disagree as to their interpretation. If a matter which came under these clauses were taken before a judge and a verdict obtained, and if it then went to the Court of Appeal a different verdict would be given, with which, again, the House of Lords would probably disagree if it came before them. The clauses of an Act of Parliament ought to be understandable by the people. He would give a case. A. B., a medical mau of some forty-five years' experience in general work, including lunacy and asylum and consulting work, was urged by some friends to write a book, which book appeared in 1918. It was very favour. ably received, and letters were written by the King, the Lord Chancellor, the Prime Minister, and other members of the House of Commons, from the Lunacy Commissioners, from lunacy visitors, from asylum attendants, from the general public, and even from insane persons, with regard to it. Amongst those from the general public was one from a man who wished to consult A. B. about his brother. He had been conscripted to the army —it was at a time when unfit men were being passed as in A class—and the brother was passed in that class. It was very quickly found that it was hopeless to expect him to do active military service. The mentality of the officers who ruled in the camps was extraordinary. The carpenter was made to pile up bricks, the bricklayer to saw wood, the clerk was set to washing dishes. This unfortunate man, finding his occupation very uncongenial, eventually became mentally afflicted, and he was sent to the military hospital at Cambridge. He was undoubtedly insane. Ultimately he was discharged from the hospital, and the Pension Office came to the conclusion that he had become insane owing to his work in the army. He was sent to the county asylum, but without the privileges usually accorded to a private service patient. He was not allowed, for instance, to wear his own clothes, but was dressed in the ordinary convict-like uniform of the pauper patient. The brother went to see him and was not satisfied with the way he was being treated, and he wanted an outside opinion with regard to the matter. In the result, A. B. went to the asylum to see the patient. As a consultative officer he ought to have been welcomed, as had always been the case at the various asylums he had visited in a like capacity. A. B. wrote asking permission to see the patient, and he received a reply that it was quite contrary to all precedent for outside people to visit patients in order to report upon them, and that if the patient's friends were not satisfied they had better remove him and make him a private patient. He was receiving a pension of 17. 9d. per week. A. B. wrote that he had never been refused as a consultative before, and called attention to the Lunacy Act. Eventually A. B. wrote to the Board of Control, who replied in the same way as had the medical superinten dent-namely, that it was against precedent. He (Dr. Weatherly) asserted that that was quite untrue, for medical superintendents every where at the asylums welcomed the consultative medical man. Thereupon the board was threatened with a mandamus, and they then gave an order to A. B. to visit the patient. He wrote to the superintendent medical officer announcing his visit, and asking that the patient might be ready, but when he reached the asylum the superintendent medical officer was absent, and every obstacle was put in his way. But he saw the patient in the pauper part, and made an examination as far as he could He could get no information, such as could only be supplied by nurses and others, which was absolutely necessary in the case of the insane. The section of the Act said that the visitor should be "admitted." The application for a mandamus that A. B. might be permitted to see the patient, and to get such information as was necessary, eventually came to the Court of Appeal, and upon the clause which gave the right of 'admission," and upon that only, the court decided that the application for a mandamus was to be dismissed A. B. had been admitted, and there was an end of the matter. But, surely, he (Dr. Weatherly) contended, the Act did not mean that a medical man was simply to be admitted within the doors and then kept in the hall and allowed to do nothing more. Clause 321 of the Act defined what was a misdemeanour, and that the Board of Control could prosecute a medical superintendent or manager of an institution if he obstructed any person in visiting and examining a patient. Counsel's opinion was taken to the effect that this was a clear case in which a mandamus could be ordered. There had been another case recently where an order was made that the Board of Control should give instructions that the medical superintendent should allow the patient to be visited and examined, and should give facilities for so doing. It had been said that this was a personal matter, and that A. B. had been treated in this way on account of the book he had written. The opinion of a leading counsel had been taken to the effect that, if it could be proved that it was a personal matter, there would be an absolute claim for damages. No man had a right because of personal feeling to obstruct a man in doing his duty, as had been the case with regard to A. B. The Board of Control had been asked specifically if it was a personal matter, but they had not replied. They had simply said it would be creating a precedent, and that was absolutely not correct. If it were a matter of personality it must be peculiar to this one medical superintendent, because A. B. had visited patients in several asylums and had been received by the medical superintendents with open arms. It was apparently the action of an individual autocrat. He felt strongly that a representation ought to be made by a body of legal and medical men that the sections of the Act to which he had referred ought to be amended, so that it should be impossible that anything of the kind should happen again. It was a difficult matter to bring the subject before the ordinary body of medical men, but a society in which there were at once laymen, medical men, and lawyers do 80. was much more likely to do something practical. It must be remembered that it had been definitely stated that the matter was not a personal one. It was, in that event, the case of an autocratic medical officer; and there might be others who would act in the same way. For the sake of the general public and for the sake of the insane such a course of action should be rendered impossible in the future. A discussion ensued, and the Chairman said he bad read the sections, and sect. 47, as he understood it, gave to the commissioner the option of allowing a medical man to visit a patient, which option he might or might not exercise. In his view, the Court of Appeal was perfectly right, from the wording of the Act, in holding that it had no power to issue a mandamus empowering an outside medical man to visit an asylum and to be permitted to examine a patient or to peruse any documents that might be necessary, and he agreed that there ought to be an amendment of the law in that respect. In the earlier days of the society it made several approaches to the Lord Chancellor on various matters, and he saw no reason why the society should not make a representation in order to bring about the amendment of the Lunacy Act of 1890 so as to give security both to the layman and to the medical profession. Dr. Weatherly, in reply, said he had hoped that Mr. Hardy, the counsel who had represented the patient's brother, would have been present to take part in the proceedings. The evidence in the Appeal Court was given by affidavits, than which nothing could be more unsatis factory, and in this case the affidavits were not looked at. LAW STUDENTS' JOURNAL. To SECRETARIES.-Reports of meetings should reach the office not later than first post Thursday morning to ensure insertion in the current number. THE LAW SOCIETY. A LARGE number of students, past and present, and guests attended a reception by the members of the teaching staff in the Common Room and library on Monday evering last, placed at the disposal of the gathering by the council. The vice-president (Mr. W. Arthur Sharpe) was in the chair. Mr. Justice Eve, the Solicitor-General for the Commonwealth of Australia (Sir Robert Garran), the chairman of the Legal Education Committee (Mr. J. W. Budd), and other members of the council, representatives of the American and colonial forces, and other guests were present. A musical programme was provided. At the close of the first part, which consisted of vocal and instrumental items by past and present students, representatives of the teaching staff and American students, and others, Mr. W. S. Jones, a former student, expressed the appreciation of students of the efforts of the council and the principal and teaching staff for the welfare of law students, and in particular for the opportunity of reuniting on that occasion. The chairman, in reply, expressed first the great regret felt by all present at the absence of the president and the principal, the former owing to distance from town and the latter owing to ill-health. In welcoming the guests of the evening, he referred specially to the great pleasure which had been felt by the council and the teaching staff at the opportunity of meeting, in the lecture rooms and social rooms, the representatives of the American and Colonial forces. He expressed the firm conviction that the friendships formed upon the battlefield and cemented in the calmer atmosphere of the society's ball would never be broken. Mr. Justice Eve, in expressing his gratification at being present, referred to the auspicious day on which the reception was held. He expressed the hope that a permanent and sound peace might continue, but thought that possibly there might be occasions when certain disputes might not be capable of adjustment by the arbitrament of the Chancery Division, and advocated, as the surest road to peace, an adequate preparation for war. He advocated having recourse to the arbitrament of the courts, but not to arbitration, whenever possible, but said that we must always be ready to fight if need be, as nothing was more certain than that England always would be, as she had been, the champion of the oppressed. Captain Whitney, of the American Expeditionary Forces, a student of the society, expressed, on behalf of himself and his fellow American students, the great pleasure which they had felt at mixing with the society's students in the lecture rooms and social rooms, and claimed that the former cousinly relationship between the two nationalities had become the nearer relationship of brotherhood. The Solicitor-General for the Commonwealth of Australia (Sir Robert Garran) thanked the society for the welcome extended to Australian students, and referred to the former association of the principal with the Australian Commonwealth. After refreshments had been taken in the library, the gathering was entertained by Mr. Herbert J. Collings (of the Inner Magic Circle) with a highly interesting performance of drawing-room magic. The proceedings terminated with the National Anthem. LONDON UNIVERSITY. LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. SIR JOHN MACDONELL, K.C.B., Quain Professor of Comparative Law, delivered the third and concluding lecture of the series entitled "The League of Nations and International Law," at the London School of Economics, Clare Market, W.C., on Thursday, the 21st inst. He depiecated strongly criticism, too common, of the covenant of the league, which really meant antagonism to it. The wonder was that the covenant, considering the novelty and boldness of the conception embodied therein, presented so few points which could be fairly assailed. No doubt, it fell far short in many respects of the expectations of some of its warmest supporters; those who looked for instant general and compulsory reduction of armies and navies to a peace footing were not satisfied with a scheme which rather postponed than effected a settlement. Bat any real scheme of disarmament must encounter serious difficulties, some of which lurked in the phrase to be found in the covenant, "taking account of geographical situation and circumstances." Under cover of the principle thus recognised, England would, one might be sure, claim, as to the magnitude of her navy, to be judged by a different standard from that applied to other countries; an island, with an industrial population which her home produce cannot feed, depended for its existence upon intercourse with the outer world being kept open. A consideration of the many difficulties involved in the question of disarmament would probably convince one that the authors of the league had done well to proceed warily and slowly. The lecturer next examined the provisions in the covenant as to the enforcement of the resort to pacific settlement of disputes between nations; and he described the commercial measures to be applied against any covenant breaker of the league. The drastic secular form of excommunication contemplated by the covenant, though formidable against certain States, might be quite ineffectual against those which were substantially self-supporting, and a serious weakness of all such measures was that they demanded continuous sacrifice on the part of those who carried out a blockade or any system of boycotting. The lecturer then passed to what he described as in some respects the greatest novelty in the covenant, the system of mandate described in art. 22. He drew attention to the fact that the conception of mandate had been borrowed from Roman private law, in which it implied a well-defined group of rights and duties, and had been transferred to public law. It had been used in Rome to define the position of the Emperor, and to hide, or make less abrupt, the transition from the Republic. It was applied by medieval French jurists to define the position and powers of members of the States-General. It fell in with Locke's theory of government based on the social contract, and with Rousseau's teaching as to the pacte social. It had crept into modern political literature as descriptive of the relations of members of Parliament or Congress to their electors, and now it Was proposed to apply the principle to the relations of civilised States to backward races. Already there existed a group of treaties by which some of the chief States of the world bound themselves to perform certain duties towards the non-dominant races, especially in regard to the slave trade. The Berlin Act and the Brussels AntiSlavery Act of 1890 was a great advance in this matter, and a still further advance had been made in art. 22 of the covenant; an article which, even if not at first fully carried out, set up & standard of conduct which could not in the long run be without influence, and which might help to level up the action of nations hitherto justly censurable in respect to their treatment of native races. The lecturer then defined the three classes of mandates contemplated by art. 22. It was interesting to note that the mandate which would come in force in Africa substantially codified British colonial policies and modes of administration. With regard to the third class of mandates, those relating to territories which, owing to the sparseness of their populations, or their small size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or their geographical contiguity to the mandatory State-a class which included the former German colonies in the Pacific-the probability was that some of these territories would become, sooner or later, and sooner rather than later, protectorates, and would endure the fate of most protectorates, that was, be openly or indirectly absorbed by the mandatory State. If the covenant had done nothing more than enunciate with a fearlessness and emphasis never before known the theory as to the treatment of backward races, it would have been ever memorable. The lecturer then noted the silence of the covenant with regard to the development of international law, and the absence of any promise that the league would set about revising and extending international law and invest it with effective sanctions and fill the many gaps in it which were revealed by the war. There was nothing definite, strange as it might seem, in regard to "the freedom of the seas," a phrase much heard of before the conference. It might fairly be conjectured that, when the matter was approached, it proved to be not so simple as many controversialists had imagined, that it did not admit of rapid treatment, and that it was seen to be closely connected with another difficult subject, the rights and duties of neutrals. There was no reference in the covenant as to what questions were to be "justiciable." The lecturer quoted the provision as to the registration of treaties, and pointed out how easily it could be evaded. He also quoted the dicta of President Wilson and the late Lord Parker as to the necessary disappearance of neutrality under the system contemplated by the league. He questioned whether these dicta, notwithstanding this result, would come to pass at once. There was no certainty that all civilised countries would become members of the league. Some might withdraw. In the event of internal wars, such as that which raged between the North and South in America, it would be the duty of other States to remain neutral. It would be rash to assume that Switzerland would do anything to put in jeopardy her well tried, successful policy of neutrality, and her position, repeatedly recognised in treaties since 1815 and never seriously endangered The lecturer also referred to the clause in the covenant with respect to labour, and that with regard to free waterways. From his sketch of the contents of the covenant, he observed, its unequalled comprehensiveness must be apparent. There was not likely to be any question, political or social, wholly outside it. That might prove to be the weakness of th league. The cargo might be too much for the ship. The outcome of th league would depend largely on the composition of the assembly and th council, particularly of the latter. It was difficult for the lecture to conceive how four persons oould be found who were admitted to be truly representative of all the heterogeneous and conflicting interests of the minor States. In what sense could Belgium, Brazil, Greece, and Spain, the States named in art. 22, fairly be said to represent Norway, Poland, the Ukraine, the Jugo Slavs, or China? There was the danger that the representatives of the great Powers would be mere delegates. But if the council consisted of really free agents, if they discussed matters brought before them publicly and with the evident desire to consult all interests, if they acted with courage and independence, assembly and council would not fail to exercise eventually enormous influence. When all had been done to perfect the machinery of the league one came back to such questions as these, "What is the driving power behind the league ? Has the support of it become as much a part of the lives of many persons as was the movement a century ago for the abolition of the slave trade and slavery? Will it have its zealots and, if necessary, its martyrs? Will pledges as to it be exacted from candidates for election to Parliament ? " The league might be regarded, not as introducing a complete scheme, but rather as the beginning of a process which, if continued, would transform the relations of nations; a process which might go on indefinitely and which might resemble that which has within every civilised country brought order out of disorder. Let his readers read Froissard and de Comines, and if they saw that within France, for example, where lawlessness, turmoil, and strife were once normal and continuous, that was changed, and law had become on the whole supreme, might not a similar transformation in the relations of nations be possible? CORRESPONDENCE. This department being open to free discussion on all Professional topics. the Editor does not hold himself responsible for any opinions or statements contained in it. VICTORY BONDS AND DEATH DUTIES.-Among the questions which have been pro pounded with regard to the application of Victory Bonds in payment of death duties, I have not noticed the following, which seem to me worthy of attention: Assume that a testator has died, holding on the terms of the prospectus sufficient Victory Bonds to cover all death duties attaching to his estate. Assume also that he has by his will bequeathed a legacy of £1000, and that the rate of legacy duty upon it, for which the legatee is liable, is 10 per cent., or £100. The executor can either himself pay the duty on the legacy or allow the legatee to pay it. If the executor pays it by tendering a Victory Bond, is he entitled, as if he had paid cash, to deduct from the legacy, before paying it to the legatee, the sum of £100, for which, no doubt, he will have received a voucher, or is he entitled only to debit the legatee with the market value of the bond, say, £85? If the latter, the legatee, and not the residue, will benefit by the testator's holding of the bond employed. This, it is submitted, could hardly have been intended, especially as the legatee could not have compelled the executor to utilise the bond for the purpose. Another point is, assuming that the legatee, in the case referred to, himself pays the duty, will the Revenue accept from him in satisfaction of such duty any Victory Bond which he may happen himself to hold on the terms of the prospectus, or must he pay cash? The same points INQUIRER. appear to arise with regard to succession duty. LEGAL OBITUARY. Mr. WILLIAM EMBLETON-FOx, late chairman of the Lindsey Quarter Sessions, died on the 22nd inst., at the age of sixty-three. He graduated at New College, Oxford, in 1877, and was called to the Bar by Lincoln'sinn in 1879. Ct. Poole. To surrender at their respective District Courts. NEWMAN, THEODORE FRANK, Anerley. Ct. Croydon. June 17. RENTON, PERCIVAL, Stamford Brook-rd, Bedford Park. Ct. Brentford. WALTON, JOHN ARTHUR, late Shipley, saccharin tablet dealer. Ct. Bradford. June 18. WARD, SEPTIMUS, Foxley, publican. Ct. Norwich. June 16. Saturday. Farmer Jolly Church... Farmer Goldschmidt Leach Church Goldschmidt Borrer Bloxam THE BANKRUPTCY ACT 1914. RECEIVING ORDERS. GAZETTE, JUNE 20. Tc surrender at the High Court of Justice in Bankruptcy. CAMPBELL. SIR JOHN J. B. S., Cocoa Tree Club, St. James'-st, officer in His Majesty's Army. June 17. LANG WILLIAM, New Oxford and Cambridge Club, Pall Mall. June 18. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. Chas & Frankland ESTABLISHED 40 YEARS. The HOLBORN Shop AT of Chas. G. Frankland. T THE CORNER of Staple Inn, facing Gray's Inn Road, nearly opposite the great Prudential Buildings and right next to Old Holborn, stands CHAS. G. FRANKLAND'S Holborn shop. It has become a favourite store with many of those professional men whose offices surround his establishment. Barristers, solicitors, architects, surveyors, engineers, editors, and civil servants are among the discerning men whose appreciative patronage has assisted to build up the CHAS. G. FRANKLAND business at 335, High Holborn, W.C. 1. The distinguishing marks of this business are its high standard of quality and the individual attention paid to each customer's needs. At this store rings, watches, bracelets, silver and plated goods, trunks, bags, purses, and almost anything that may be required can be obtained by discerning men who seek the best. Oak Canteen. 50 Pieces. A 1 Plate. 12 Guineas. than 30 words in body type 4 0 Half page Each additional line (8 One column words) Per inch (single col.) Paragraph Advertisements 18. 6d. per line, minimum 7s. 6d. discount. £ s. d. 10 0 0 Б 0 0 3 6 8 10 0 No series Advertisers whose reference is under initials to this office should remit 1s. additional to defray postage in transmitting replies to their Advertisements. Advertisements must reach the office not later than 12 o'clock noon on Thursday, and must be accompanied by a remittance. Post-Office Orders payable to THE FIELD PRESS LTD. All communications must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Anonymous communications are invariably rejected. All communications intended for the Editorial Department should. in order to prevent delay, be addressed to the "EDITOR OF THE LAW TIMES." Any contributions that may be sent on approval will be carefully considered by the Editor; but no responsibility whatever can be accepted in respect thereof, although, if unsuitable, every effort will be made to return them, provided that a stamped addressed wrapper is inclosed for that purpose. The copyright of all contributions (including reports paid for) shall belong to the proprietors of the LAW TIMES, together with the right of republication in any form they may think desirable. Apart from any express agreement that may be made, contributions are only received and considered on these conditions. Idvertisements, orders for papers, &c., should be kept distinct. and addressed to the Publisher, "Law Times" Office. Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.C. 4. Vol. 147-No. 3979. CONTENTS. REPORTS. " 578 582 COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEAL. REX v. POWER. Criminal lawReceiving Procedure at trialSubmission "ro case overruled 577 SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE. COURT OF APPEAL. LLOYD-JONES v. CLARK-LLOYD. Settled land-Tenant for life and remainderman-Unopened mines - Fines and mining rents........ Re HUTCHINSON; CARTER v. HUTCHINSON.-Will-ConstructionUltimate residuary legatees WINGFIELD . WINGFIELD.-SolicitorCharging order - Appointment of receiver and manager..... 588 Re H. G. BURFORD AND CO. LIMITED'S TRADE MARK APPLICATION.-Trade mark-Registration-Special application-Distinctive mark SANES V. LONDON AND SOUTHWESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY.Railway Common carriers Porter-Scope of employment 598 MUSGROVE v. PANDELIS.-Negligence - Fire Carburettor ignition Negligence in allowing fire to spread-Omission to turn off petrol 601 1 HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. KING'S BENCH DIVISION. TRUSTEE OF G. H. M. DENNY (A BANKRUPT) v. C. E. DENNY AND G. G. WARR. Contract - Illegality-Father and son 591 608 ... 187 187 BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS 188 The Law and the Lawyers. The Prince of Wales and the Bar. ON Wednesday, the 2nd July, the Prince of Wales was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple and elected a Master of the Bench of that Inn, of which his grandfather his late Majesty King Edward VII. was also a Bencher. The connection of the Royal House with the Inns of Court is an intimate one. His present Majesty is a Bencher of Lincoln's-inn, H.R.H. Prince Albert of the Inner Temple, and H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught of Gray's-inn. The Treaty of Peace. ON Wednesday last the official text of the treaty between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany signed at Versailles on the 28th June 1919 was issued in blue book form. Consisting of 440 articles, and extending with annexes to 212 pages, it is divided into fifteen parts, the first of which contains the covenant of the League of Nations. Part X., containing the economic clauses, is perhaps of more particular interest to the Profession, for in addition to "commercial relations" and "treaties," it provides for debts, property, contracts, prescriptions, and judgments, and also for a mixed arbitral tribunal, to decide all questions within its competence under these latter headings. Next week we shall deal with these matters in some detail. The City of London Court. HIS HONOUR JUDGE RENTOUL has resigned his judgeship in the City of London Court, and the appointment of a new joint judge is now in the hands of the Lord Chancellor. It is sincerely to be hoped that in making a selection to fill this vacancy, in perhaps the most important of our courts of inferior jurisdiction, legal attainments will be the sole consideration, in this and future appointments. If the court is to occupy the position it held under Mr. Commissioner KERR and Sir LUMLEY SMITH it must not be considered to be the prize for political services. |