Geislingen, a school for engravers; in Rottweil, one for ivory carving; while Gmünd, Heilbronn, and Bieberach have schools for the cheap gold and silver plated ware industries in those localities.

The government of Wurttemberg has done much to introduce and support new industries in certain parts of the country where old industries have died out. Some years ago, for example, the Royal Bureau for Commerce and Trade in Stuttgart decided to give financial assistance to the linen district of Alb, which had greatly suffered from Irish competition. The same was done with the handkerchief house industries in the district of Westerheim. It is the duty of this bureau for commerce and trade to keep in close touch with all the industrial schools in Wurttemberg. It is an institution which collects all sorts of information, data, etc., in regard to the needs of these schools and makes proposals concerning the establishment of new ones.

There is a school

Industrial education in Baden is far advanced. in almost every city and village between Heidelberg and the Lake of Constance. Fully 20,000 apprentices are learning how to make clocks and cotton, woolen, and silk goods. Aside from the technical university in Karlsruhe, there is an industrial-art school which is attended by pupils from every part of Baden and these represent almost every trade in the country. In connection with the schools, there are workshops in which the young potter, painter, engraver, wood carver, lithographer, locksmith, blacksmith, cabinetmaker, etc., is getting all the practical knowledge necessary, so that at the end of three years he is master of some particular trade, not merely in name, but in reality.

Hessen can boast of the fact that there is not a single village, no matter how small, in the whole country which has not an industrial school of some kind. They are all under the direction of the Minister of the Interior. Workshops for actual practice are connected

with most of the schools.

Bavaria is also well supplied with industrial schools. In connection with most of the courses there are classes for instruction in arithmetic, geometry, German, history, geography, physics, and chemistry. There are special industrial schools for the weaving industry in Passau, Münchberg, and Lambrecht. The last-mentioned school has an especially good reputation. It is not only intended for the cloth industry, but for linen, flannel, cotton goods, and carpet weaving. The manufacturers are in a position to obtain the most reliable information and statistics in regard to their branch of industry at any time.

This short outline will serve to show that great interest is taken in industrial education, and the time is not far distant when the

No 276-03-2

whole Empire will be thickly dotted with schools all equally as efficient as those in Saxony.

RÉSUMÉ.

The industrial schools in Germany, taking the Empire as a whole, cover the following trades and industries:

PREVENTION OF TYPHUS IN GERMANY.

The Chancellor of the German Empire has appointed a commission, of which the president of the imperial German health office is chairman, to visit Southwest Germany for the purpose of studying the means in use for the prevention of the spread of typhus.

The Reichstag, at the last session, appropriated 150,000 marks ($35,700) for this purpose. This was done in order to test the method of Professor Koch. This method is based upon the recognized principle that it is essential to find all the cases of typhus as early as possible and to make a sure diagnosis thereof. It is only when this is done that it is possible to isolate all cases and thereby prevent the spread of the disease. One feature has to be particularly kept in view, namely, that light attacks of the disease occur which do not, or at least only partially, interrupt the daily work of the patients. But such cases are just the ones which ought to be investigated in order to prevent the spreading of the disease, as it is mainly from these that the yet unsuspected typhus bacilli get into the water. Professor Koch has proposed to maintain bacteriological experimental stations in vicinities where typhus occurs most frequently and especially where it has become fixed. The directors of these stations and their assistants will have to do all the necessary work

of preventing the spread of typhus. They work hand in hand with the local practicing physicians.

It is desired to have all the typhus stations of the several federal states work in harmony. The work to a certain degree has been made a federal function with a uniform organization.

FRANKFORT, July 9, 1903.

RICHARD GUENTHER,

Consul-General.

GLASS INDUSTRY OF GERMANY.

The annual production of glass in Germany at present is as

The German glass industry to-day comprises 400 factories, which give employment to 35,000 workmen. The manufacture of glass in Germany dates back to Roman times. The necessary raw materials such as wood, potash, and sand-have always been drawn from home sources. It is only in recent years, however, that Germany has taken up the manufacture of the finer qualities of glass, which thus far have been marketed at home, very little finding its way into foreign countries. Since 1870 the imports from Italy, Austria, England, and Belgium, the great glass-producing countries of Europe, have been rapidly decreasing, and Germany now exports to these nations large quantities of the coarser glass manufactures, such as bottles of every description, etc. It is doubtful, however, whether Germany will ever reach a stage where she will be able to compete with Belgium in mirrors or with Venice in fancy-colored. decorations.

The most important raw material for making glass-namely, white quartz sand-is found in Germany in many places in large quantities. Such sand must be entirely free from iron oxide, for the reason that the presence of iron in any shape produces a green color. The purest sands are found in the neighborhood of Aix la Chapelle, in Silesia, and in the whole range of the Erzgebirge, which separates Saxony from Bohemia. The factories, for the most part, There are several important

have been built close to the sand beds.

glass factories in this consular district.

The chemical factories of

the Empire furnish all the other necessities of the industry.

If we take into consideration the side lines of the industry-such as the fitting of frames to mirrors, glass painting, and the manufacture of toys from glass-fully 60,000 people are employed in Germany.

In 1900 the Empire imported 13,119 tons of glass and articles manufactured from glass, valued at $2,500,000. The exports amounted to 136,811 tons, valued at $10,000,000. A few years ago six of the largest German glass factories formed a trust, with head offices in Cologne. The German tariff on foreign-made glass has enabled this trust to acquire such a monopoly of the sale of glass and glassware in Germany that it can sell to the home purchaser at higher prices than are demanded for the same articles abroad.

EIBENSTOCK, June 13, 1903.

ERNEST L. HARRIS,
Commercial Agent.

GERMAN EXPORT PRICES FOR IRON.

German papers report that an English firm has been awarded the contract for a large gasometer by the city of Copenhagen, being the lowest bidder-£10,930 ($53,185); the lowest German bid was £11,250 ($54,742). The curious part is that the English firm intends to use German material, finishing it in England. It will be bought in Germany at export prices, which are about cost or even less. The papers state that the German manufacturers of gas reservoirs can not purchase their raw material in Germany as cheaply as foreign firms can, and therefore can not compete with English manufacturers. They also state that similar conditions exist in other branches of home industries using iron. The producers of iron are called upon to revise their prices in favor of home consumers. RICHARD GUENTHER,

FRANKFORT, June 20, 1903.

Consul-General.

EXPORTS FROM GERMANY TO THE UNITED STATES.

I forward herewith a consolidated statement showing the value of the exports declared at the several consular offices in Germany for the United States (the agencies being embraced in the returns for the respective consulates-general and consulates under whose jurisdiction they are placed) for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1902 and 1903:

German imports for the first five months of 1903 amounted to 17,579,274 tons, against 15,930,416 tons and 16,703,727 tons for the corresponding periods of 1902 and 1901, an increase of 1,648,858 tons over 1902 and of 875,547 tons over 1901.

Of the 43 tariff groups, 31 show an increase and 12 a decrease. The largest increases were in clays, ores, etc., $572, 183; coal, $356,013; cereals, $260, 397; woods, $177,605; waste, $108,523; petroleum, $42,501; cotton and cotton goods, $260,397; and stones and stone goods, $36,848.

The largest decreases occurred in groceries ($24.355), mainly on