especially his King's draught, Homeriana, Injection Brou, Injection au matico, Locher's kalosine, Weidemann's Knoeterich tea, Richter's Congo pills, Lueck's herb tea, Ulrich's herb wine, Altona crown essence, Fernet's essence of life, Liqueur du Docteur Laville, Richter's loca pills, Tacht's stomach pills, Brady's stomach pills, Spranger's stomach drops, Mother Spiegel's pills and sirup, Dressel's nerve fluid, Lieber's nerve force elixir, Pastor Koenig's nerve strengthener, orffine, pain expeller, Bock's pectoral, Indian pills, Morison's pills, Redlinger's pills, Pilules du Docteur Lavillie, Marienbad reducing pills, Liebouit's regenerator, Remedy Alberts Sanharo Salvol, Warner's Safe remedies, Sanjana preparations, Ayer's sarsaparilla, Richter's sarsaparilla, Weissmann's water, Brandt's Swiss pills, Pagliano's sirup, spermatol, Lueck's special tea, Richter's stomakal, Tarolin capsules, tuberkeltos, Barella's universal stomach powder, Vino Mariani, Vulneral cream, Dick's licensed wound salve, Lah's Zamba capsules.

List B.-Locher's antineon, Reichel's vegetable eye balsam, Noortwyck's diphtheria remedy, Count Mattei's remedy, Sautar's Geneva Star remedy.

These lists may be increased by the federal council.

For the regulation of the sale of these remedies the following rules are prescribed:

The vessels and the wrappers in which these remedies are sold must contain the name of the remedy and the name of the manufacturer; also the name of the firm where the same is sold, and the price. These rules do not apply to the wholesale trade.

It is prohibited to have testimonials, advertisements, etc., appear upon the vessels or the wrappers, or to hand such matter to the purchaser separately or in any other manner.

The druggist is obliged to ascertain to what extent the rules relative to the sale of drastic remedies apply to the article sold.

The secret remedies (contained in both lists) about which the druggists can not ascertain whether their composition is such as to permit the sale without a physician's prescription can only be sold upon a written prescription, dated and signed by a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon; in the latter case, however, only if the remedy is intended for animals. A repetition of the sale requires a new prescription. Remedies which can only be sold on prescriptions must bear the inscription on the vessels or the wrappers, viz: "To dispense on physician's prescription only."

In the Kingdom of Prussia steps have been taken for regulating the sale of secret remedies in conformity with the resolutions of the federal council, and the first presidents of the several provinces have been instructed, after the provincial council has agreed to it, to issue police rules whereby public advertising of the secret remedies contained in lists A and B is prohibited after January 1, 1904.

The Government presidents of the provinces have been instructed to make all those concerned acquainted with the new regulations. RICHARD GUENTHER,

FRANKFORT, GERMANY, July 31, 1903.

Consul-General.

MACHINERY

INSURANCE IN GERMANY.

To the numerous branches of the insurance business-as, for instance, life and fire insurance, insurance against burglars, against damage caused by hail, bursting of water pipes, etc.-quite recently a new and important one has been added in these parts, viz, the insurance of machinery.

The Stuttgarter Mit-und Rückversicherungs Aktiengesellschaft (Mutual Reinsurance Company of Stuttgart) is the first to take up this, to Germany, novel idea. Among the branches of trade which are likely to take an interest in this insurance, the electric industry ought to be mentioned in the first place; its extensive wire and cable nets, its many masts and poles, etc., are exposed to the severity of storm and weather all the year round, so that in spite of every care and attention serious harm may be done at any time. But other branches of trade will find this sort of insurance a benefit. The blown-down chimney of a factory or a boiler explosion may cause serious harm to machine houses, or an inundation may damage turbine wheels and other machinery. In such cases the benefit of the injured parties being insured is apparent.

The company also insures against damage done to machinery by negligence or inexperience on the part of workmen. It is almost impossible to have at all times well-trained and experienced hands in one's employ, and it is by no means an infrequent occurrence that machinery comes to more or less serious harm through the fault of some hand or other, and the chances of the owner of a factory being able to recover from such loss are very few and far between. The prospectus of the company also includes damages caused by deficiency of the material out of which machines are manufactured if such faults are detected after the term of the manufacturer's guaranty has elapsed. Some machines work beautifully for years and then break all of a sudden, owing to a trifling fault in the material. In many cases the manufacturer of the machine which has suddenly come to harm will do his best to repair damages, but this is not always possible, and either a lawsuit, with all its anxieties and uncertainties, will have to be gone through with or the loss can not be made good.

This new insurance departure will include not only machinery in the strict sense of the word, but also all sorts of apparatus, belts, chains, pipes, cables, locks, foundation walls, etc.

In support of loss claims, the bill of repairs or of the new machinery purchased to replace the damaged machinery must be produced and submitted. The premium will depend upon the total

value of the insured machinery, and will be different for machinery which is stationary and under cover from that which will have to be paid for machinery exposed to the open air and for movable. machinery.

COBURG, GERMANY, August 5, 1903.

OLIVER J. D. HUGHES,

Consul-General.

FIRST STANDARD-GAUGE ELECTRIC RAILWAY IN PRUSSIA.

Berlin has entered definitely upon the employment of electrical traction for suburban service on the State railways of standard gauge. Since the middle of May experiments have been in progress on the line from the Potsdamer railway station in Berlin-the focal point of suburban traffic within the city limits-to Gross Lichterfelde, a distance of 51⁄2 miles. These experiments having proven entirely successful, regular traffic was begun on July 15 with trains of three cars each, which depart in each direction every ten minutes and are permitted by ordinance to make a speed of 60 kilometers (37.2 miles) per hour. The current is supplied from the southwestern power station of the already existing circular railway (Ringbahn) and is transmitted over an insulated third rail laid beside the track, whence it is taken up by a contact shoe connected with the motor.

Each train is made up of one second and two third class cars, each 63 feet long by 9 feet wide and which weigh-all three together-128 tons and seat 200 passengers. The second-class car is at the middle of the train and carries no motor. Each third-class car carries a motor at one end and these, being put at the front and rear of each train, enable it to run forward or backward as desired. The cars are new and as handsomely finished as their purpose would justify. They are equipped with heating apparatus for winter and would be considered comfortable and up-to-date even in the United States.

The opening of this line is noteworthy because it marks the beginning of a general change from steam to electricity for the important and rapidly growing suburban service of Berlin. So comfortable, rapid, and convenient have the electric street-railway .connections become-especially the overhead and subterranean line which was opened in February, 1902, and described in a report of this series at that time (ADVANCE SHEETS No. 1302, March 29, 1902) that aside from all considerations of economy the steam lines are constrained to go over to the new, clean, convenient, and

more economical system of traction in order to hold their traffic and secure their business for the future. A second line, which leads to Cöpenick-several miles distant up the Spree-is in process of conversion to electricity, and will inaugurate the new method of traction during the summer.

BERLIN, GERMANY, July 23, 1903.

FRANK H. MASON,

Consul-General.

STREET RAILWAYS OF LEIPZIG.

In the spring of the year 1872, the first street-car line in this city was opened to the public. The cars were, of course, drawn by horses-as they were at that time in almost every other place. It continued in operation until 1895.

CONCESSIONS.

In 1895 the Leipzig city council, the Minister of the Interior concurring, granted concessions to two companies to build electrical street railways upon conditions almost identical, the principal features of which are: The concessions extend forty years from the date the lines were first put into operation (in 1895 and 1896, respectively), at the end of which time all the lines and rolling stock which were then built, or which may thereafter have been built, are to revert to the city, with the exception of the grounds, buildings, machinery, and those motor cars which shall have been built within the last preceding five years.

Rights of city. The city has the right, however, to buy such grounds, buildings, machinery, and cars at the price at which they are assessed. In addition thereto, the city has the right to take over the lines after the expiration of twenty years upon the payment of the full assessed value of the grounds, buildings, machinery, and those motor cars which shall have been built in the five years immediately preceding, and the full assessed value of the roadbeds and rolling stock; after twenty-five, thirty, or thirty-five years, in addition to paying the full price for the grounds, etc., 75, 50, or 25 per cent of the assessed value of the roadbeds, etc., respectively. The city must also pay, should it take over the lines, or either of them, at the end of twenty years, thirteen times the amount the net profits have averaged during the five years just preceding; after twentyfive, thirty, or thirty-five years, ten and three-fourths, eight, or four times the average net profits, respectively. From the receipts, the running expenses, 4.5 per cent for dividends upon the capital stock,

and a like sum for interest on the bonds are to be deducted in order to determine the net profits.

Forfeiture of rights.-The right of either company, or both, may be forfeited should one or both of them discontinue running cars along all of the lines or any part or parts thereof without the sanction of the local authorities; if they fail to comply with any ordinance within a reasonable time after having been requested to do so in writing; if the funds for running expenses be attached or are otherwise made away with, or if the Royal Ministry should advise that such action be taken.

Stockholders' rights.—If, on account of any of the foregoing reasons, the city should take over the roads or either of them, it must pay to the stockholders of the company or companies an amount which a specially constituted board of experts may determine the plants, equipments, grounds, buildings, etc., to be worth.

Payments for street rights.-After the first three full years the lines are in operation, they must pay the city for the use of the streets 2 per cent of the gross receipts, which amount will be increased 1 per cent after the lapse of every five years, until it reaches 5 per cent. The lines must pay for paving and repairing the streets where new tracks are put down, in the one instance, and where the running of the cars is responsible for the wear and tear thereof, in the other.

CAPITAL.

The Grosse Leipziger Strassenbahn Gesellschaft, the larger company, known as the "Blue Line," is capitalized at 10,000,000 marks ($2,380,000), which is divided into 10,000 shares of 1,000 marks ($238)

each. It has a bonded indebtedness of 10,000,000 marks ($2,380,ooo), bearing 4 per cent interest per annum, which is divided into 6,500 bonds of 1,000 marks ($238) each and 7,000 bonds of 500 marks ($119) each. The company has paid regular dividends to its stockholders since 1896, when it began operations, as follows: For the years 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, and 1902, 6, 8, 8, 8, 7, 52, and 51⁄2 per cent, respectively.

The Leipziger Elektrische Strassenbahn Gesellschaft, the other, known as the "Red Line," is capitalized at 6,250,000 marks ($1,487,500), which is divided into 6,500 shares of 1,000 marks ($238) each. It has a bonded indebtedness of 4,000,000 marks ($952,000), bearing 4 per cent interest per annum, which is divided into 2,000 bonds of 1,000 marks ($238) each and 4,000 bonds of 500 marks ($119) each. Regular dividends have been paid the stockholders since its organization, as follows: 1895 to 1899, 4 per cent per annum; 1900, 3 per cent; 1901, 2 per cent; and 1902, 2 per cent.

No 277-03-8