has also been directed to close his relations with President Zuloaga. The spirit of robbery seems to be everywhere rampant throughout the State, and the only evidence of power is in the disposition to plunder and the defiance of all self-constituted petty authorities of the central Government. Sonora boldly announces her determination to secede from the Mexican union; Vidaurri in New Leon, Garza in Tamaulipas, Alvarez in Guerrero, and Barbachano, and Mendez in Yucatan. Pueblita had subjected the city of Guanajuato to a contribution of half a million of dollars; Huerta was following the like course in Michoacan, and Zuazua at Zacatecas.

Rumors and speculations are rife as to the course which will be pursued under existing circumstances. A report, with some little show of probability, says that General O'Donnell will be despatched with a force of ten thousand men to re-conquer the country and attach it again to the Spanish possessions. Whatever its fate, it cannot be worse than the frightful conflict in which it is at present engaged, in which "priest and layman, soldier and civilian, have all given themselves up to the pillage of ruined society.

Later despatches from Mexico contain the news of General Osollo's death, the military leader of the Zuloaga party. He died at San Luislotosi on the 18th of June. On the same day an earthquake in the valley of Mexico destroyed the lives of fifty persons and of property in the City of Mexico alone worth from $5,000,000 to $6,000,000. Still later news affirms that Zuloaga had fled from Mexico, and that the liberals were preparing to attack the city.

THE INDIAN WAR.-The news of Col. Steptoe's defeat has been confirmed through a variety of sources. The loss was five killed and fourteen wounded. Large reinforcements have been sent out to aid him in repressing the attacks of the Indians. It is not unlikely that this may prove the opening of a long and sharp struggle; the Spokan Indians are brave and warlike, and have no idea of submitting to the influences of civilization when it comes in the shape of swords and pistols.

THE NEW SLOOPS OF WAR.-The sloops of war for which appropriation was made last session of Congress will be constructed, it is believed, at the following places:-One at Pensacola; one at Norfolk; one at Kittery, Maine; one paddle-wheel steamer, drawing three to four feet of water, at San Francisco; two at Philadelphia, and two at New York.

RE-OPENING OF THE SLAVE-TRADE IN LIBERIA.-A state of intense excitement has prevailed in England and France, and relatively in this country also, from the development of some curious facts disclosing a state of affairs which seems to amount to the re-opening of the slave-trade by the French Government in Liberia, with the cognizance and sanction of Mr. Roberts the President of the Liberian Republic. The story is this, that a French emigrant ship, the Regina Coeli, a vessel sent to the West Coast of Africa, under the command of Captain Simon, with a view to obtain free laborers for the French colonies, arrived at Cape de Monte on the 29th of October last. The chief of that place strenuously urged Capt. Simon to select for his operations that portion of the coast above all others, and they both proceeded to Monrovia the capital of Liberia, in order to settle the preliminaries of the affair. The President of that republic, on learning Captain Simon's plan, approved it so highly that he persuaded that officer to carry out his operations exclusively in the territory of the Liberian republic. Captain Simon hastened to pay into the hands of the local authorities the sum of 1,564 piastres, as passport duty for the 400 free

laborers with whom it had been agreed he should be supplied in the space of forty days. The enlistment of emigrants was carried on with the greatest facility and the greatest care, under the superintendence of the Liberian authorities, as well as of the agent of the French government. Two hundred and seventy-one emigrants had already arrived in the roadstead, and the rest of them were ready to embark, when, on the 9th of April, while the captain and the government agent were ashore, a quarrel arose on board between the negro cook and one of the emigrants, which caused a scuffle, and ended in a general fight between the emigrants and the crew, in which the second in command of the ship and eleven of his men were massacred by the emigrants. Captain Simon, who heard this disturbance while on shore, jumped into a canoe, picked up one of his sailors who had been thrown overboard from the Regina Coeli, but was obliged to return ashore, as his canoe capsized. Upon this, Captain Simon, assisted by the local militia and some forty Americans whom he hired by the day, attempted to recapture the vessel, and then cruised about in two boats so as in a manner to blockade her. Matters stood thus on the 15th of April, when the Ethiope, a merchant steamer commanded by Captain Croft, arrived. The Ethiope had been sent for by a Mr. Newnham, the British Consul, who also fills the office of French Consular agent at Monrovia. When the steam vessel neared the Regina Coeli, Captain Simon, who continued strictly watching his own vessel, went on board the Ethiope, declared that he was the captain of the Regina Coeli, and asked on what terms he might accept of the assistance of the English steamer, for from the very first he had declared to Mr. Newnham, in concert with the agent of the French government, that he should reject the assistance of the Ethiope unless the conditions on which that assistance was to be given had been previously settled. He received no answer. The Spanish Vice Consul for Acra and a French merchant, who were passengers on board the Ethiope, explained to him that his vessel was being taken possession of. Captain Simon then wished to leave the packet and go on board the Regina Coeli, but was prevented, seized, and consigned to the charge of two English sailors. Meanwhile the Ethiope took the Regina Coeli in tow, without encountering the slightest resistance from the emigrants, and proceeded on her voyage. Captain Simon asked the Spanish Vice Consul for Acra to beg for a delay sufficient to collect on land eight of his crew, two of whom were wounded; but Captain Croft peremptorily refused, and continued standing towards Monrovia, where they arrived about 8 o'clock at night.

As a justification, the English Captain contends that he rescued the ship and demanded salvage, which Capt. Simon refused to pay, on the ground that his ship did not require Captain Croft's assistance on any such terms, and that he himself had never lost sight of her, and would have succeeded eventually in bringing the rebels to terms. Private despatches affirm that a great quantity of manacles had been found on board the French ship, which the emigrants said had been used to forcibly seize and detain them. French authorities, on the other hand, contend that the transportation was perfectly lawful, and no restraint put upon the feelings and inclinations of the emigrants. There seems to be no doubt, however, of their delight on recognizing the Ethiope, and no hesitation in placing themselves under the conduct of the Captain, to be taken back to Monrovia, a fact which argues little for the condition in which they were placed on board the French ship. Whatever the real state of the case may be, it opens our eyes to one fact at least, that the boasted Colonization Society, to which every year benevolent but mistaken individuals are contributing their thousands of dollars, is simply throwing upon their own resources numbers of unhappy

wretches, who without means, or ability to help themselves, drag out their existence in a spot endeared to them by no ties or associations, and leaving them without protection to the machinations of designing men. Doubtless the Liberian authorities are compelled to wink at any means which will rid them of part of this troublesome population, no preparation having been made by their so-called benefactors to fit an ignorant and dependent race for the blessings or increased responsibilities of freedom.

PRESIDENT MONROE'S REMAINS.-An act of National, as well as State justice was rendered during the past month, by exhuming President Monroe's remains, and restoring them to his native city, from the cemetery in New York, where they have lain since 1831. Mr. Monroe died on July 4th, 1831, and the arrangements were made so that his body should be re-interred under the monument erected to his memory in Richmond, on the same day of the year, 1858. The event was attended by all the solemn and impressive ceremonies which the occasion demanded, the Seventh Regiment escorting the funeral cortege to Richmond.

Mr. Monroe was a member of the Virginia Cincinnati. He joined the army of the Revolution in 1776 as a volunteer, and brought with him from Virginia a company of artillery, which he raised and commanded. At the battle of Trenton, Captain (afterwards Colonel) Monroe greatly distinguished himself. He received a severe wound through the breast, by which he was disabled for nearly a year. After his recovery he was appointed aid-decamp to Major General Lord Stirling, and continued in his staff for some time. He was subsequently elected a member of the Continental Congress, and was a member in 1783, when General Washington resigned his commission to that body. After the war Colonel Monroe was appointed Minister to France, and subsequently Secretary of State and Secretary of War. He was elected President of the United States March 4, 1817; and held that high office for two terms. Mr. Monroe died in this city July 4, 1831.

DANUBIAN CONFERENCES.-Matters are going on more smoothly with the Danubian Congress. It is thought that one or two sittings more will suffice, inasmuch as the ambassadors are said to have come to an understanding on the leading questions that have been discussed. The members will adjourn for some weeks, in order to draw up the official reports; they will then meet again, in order to affix their signatures. It seems certain that the Principalities are to possess a similar but separate administration and constitution, with but one Senate for both Pending the suspension of the Conference, Fuad Pasha will visit London on business relating to a loan for the Ottoman government.

RUNAWAY SLAVES IN MARYLAND.-There is considerable excitement in Maryland, growing out of the operations upon the underground railroad. A man named Bowers had been tarred and feathered, for assisting a slave to escape, and a public meeting held, attended by Senator Pearce, Hon. Mr. Ricaud, and other distinguished citizens, at which resolutions were passed substantially justifying the act, and recommending the adoption of the most stringent measures in all such cases. Mr. Ricaud stated a fact which developes a very extensive and perfect system for transporting slaves out of the State, stations being formed at the interval of every five miles, at which runaways can obtain rest and refreshment straight through the forty or fifty miles, before reaching the free States.

THE FRAZER RIVER EXCITEMENT.-The last steamers from California bring the news of an intense excitement, consequent upon the discovery of

extensive gold mines in the British possessions, on the line of the Frazer and Thompson Rivers. The territory lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific, and is bounded on the south by the American frontier line 45 degrees of latitude.

The soil is in the occupation of the Hudson's Bay Company, who received it as a temporary grant from the Crown in 1849; next year the terms of the grant cease, and it will revert back to the Crown. Some fears were entertained of restrictive measures on the part of the Hudson's Bay Company, or of British interference with foreign emigration; but the instructions of the Premier, Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, to Governor Douglas, have effectually dissipated all such ideas. This despatch, dated July 1st. says:

"That while Her Majesty's Government are determined on preserving the rights both of Government and commerce which belong to this country, and while they have it in contemplation to furnish you with such a force as they may be able to despatch for your assistance and support in the preservation of law and order, it being no part of their policy to exclude American and other foreigners from the the gold-fields. On the contrary, you are distinctly instructed to oppose no obstacle whatever to their resort thither for the purpose of digging in those fields, so long as they submit themselves, in common with the subjects of her Majesty, to the recognition of her authority, and conform to such rules of policy as you may have thought proper to establish. The national right to navigate Frazer's River is, of course, a separate question, and one which her Majesty's Government must reserve."

The news here has revived the old California gold-fever in all its violence, very many companies have been organized, and some have already started to the gold-regions. The operatives are, however, somewhat restricted on account of the general scarcity of money. It is estimated that California will lose one-third of her population through this cause within six months, unless a delay occurs.

ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.-The second expedition had failed to lay the Atlantic telegraph cable, after three attempts, and the frigate Niagara with the English tender Gorgon returned to Queenstown, Ireland, on the 5th of July. After the cable had parted twice, as already reported, it was joined for the third time on the 28th ultimo. When about two hundred and fifty miles had been payed out from both vessels, messages from the Agamemnon ceased on the evening of the 29th, at which time the cable either parted or was cut, and the Niagara sailed for the rendezvous at Cork. After the arrival of the Agamemnon it was decided to make another attempt, and the fleet were to sail for this purpose on the 17th of July.

EMANCIPATION IN MISSOURI.-The election for State officers takes place in Missouri, in August, and as the time draws near, the excitement on the emancipation question becomes still more intense, and will doubtless be made the issue of the contest. The principal part of the agitation exists in the cities and Northern tier of counties, but it will not fail to exert a powerful influence throughout the State. Of course there cannot be a question as to the result. Missouri is not ripe yet for the condition of a free State, the best portion of the land, occupying a central and compact

position, is owned by planters to the number of probably 30,000, and the amount of property interested is upwards of $50,000,000, very little probability exists that the State of Missouri would be willing to indemnify the owners for such an enormous loss, and they will not be likely to relinquish their just rights without a severe struggle.

AFFAIRS IN UTAH.-A correspondent of the St. Louis Republican, says: The Mormons remain at Provo yet, not wishing to bring their females near the soldier boys. They are living there, the majority at least, in tents, while their comfortable houses in this city remain vacant, with all the doors and windows boarded up. None of the Gentiles can obtain house-room, either for dwellings or for store purposes. This is particularly hard on the merchants, who have brought out large stocks of goods. No reason is assigned by the Mormons for this dog-in-the manger policy, except, as they say, they want first to see what the army will do, and where it will locate. As yet, none have been able to procure sleeping apartments, except the Governor, Secretary, Marshal, and Commissioners, and even most of them had for a while to sleep in their wagons. About 150 Mormons remain in Salt Lake City to take care of the stock, crops, and household property.

The communications between the Peace Commissioners and Brigham Young continued to be of the most friendly nature, and the Commissioners were contemplating a visit to Provo City, to endeavor to persuade the Mormons to return to their homes. Governor Cumming's wife was the only woman in Salt Lake City. The following is a copy of the Governor's proclamation upon his arrival.

THE PROCLAMATION.

To the Inhabitants of Utah and others whom it may concern :

Whereas, James Buchanan, President of the United States, at the City of Washington, the sixth day of April, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, did, by his Proclamation, offer to the inhabitants of Utah, who submit to the laws, "a free and full pardon" for all treason and sedition heretofore committed; and

Whereas, The proffered pardon was accepted with prescribed terms of the Proclamation by the citizens of Utah,

Now, therefore, I, Alfred Cumming, Governor of Utah Territory, in the name of James Buchanan, President of the United States, do proclaim that all persons who submit themselves to the laws, and to the Federal Government, are by him "freely and fully pardoned" for all treason and sedition heretofore committed.

All criminal offences associated with or growing out of the overt acts of sedition and treason, are merged in them, and are embraced in the "free and full pardon" of the President.

And I exhort all persons to persevere in a faithful submission to the laws and patriotic devotion to the Constitution and Government of our common country.

Peace is restored to our Territory.

All civil officers, both Federal and Territorial, will resume the performance of the duties of their respective offices without delay, and be diligent and faithful in the execution of the law.

All citizens of the United States in this Territory will aid and assist the officers in the performance of their duties.