ben off, that I might be graffed effect. For they are not all Israel Bee Gel, fi, 14. 15. But when I saw they walked not uprightly, ling to the truth of the I said unto Peter before all, If thou, being a Jew, et after the manner of Genderan i not as do the Jews, why ellest thon the Gentiles to 18 do the Jews? We who are by nature, and not sinners Its Gentiles. Rom. x, 1-4. Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they might be saved. For I bear them record, that they have a zeal of Own And so all Israel until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in. shall be saved: as it is written. There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob. For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins. As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sakes. For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance. For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief; Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy. For God hath concluded them all in unbe 7. ii, 11. 12. Wherefore re-themselves unto the righteous her that ye being in time ness of God. For Christ is the lief, that he might have mercy Gentiles in the flesh, who are ed Uncircumcision by that h is called the Circumcision desh made by hands; That that time ye were without ist, being aliens from the comawealth of Israel, and strangers the covenants of promise, no hope, and without God e world. VAL INBRINGING OF THE . ix, 1-6, 8, 9. I say the end of the law for righteousness every one Rom. xi, 1, 9, 11-15, 23-32. I say upon all. 2 Cor. iii, 12-16. Seeing then that we have such hope, we use great plainness of speech; And not as Moses, which put a vail over his face, that the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished: But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testa ment; which rail is done away in Christ. But even unto this day, when Moses is read, the vail is upon their heart. Nevertheless, when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be taken away. were Rev. vil, 4-8. And I heard the number of them which sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel. Of the tribe of Juda were sealed twelve thous and. Of the tribe of Reuben were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Gad were sealed Aser were sealed twelve thousand. twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Of the tribe of Nephthalim were sealed twelve thousand. Of the sealed twelve tribe of Manasses were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Simeon thousand. were Of the tribe of Levi were sealed twelve thousand. Of sealed twelve the tribe of Issachar were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Zabulon were sealed twelve thousand. Of thousand. Of the tribe of Joseph the tribe of Benjamin were sealed twelve thousand. were 1.MURDER. MURDER FORBIDDEN. Num. Xxxv, 33, 34. So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are; for blood it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it. Defile not therefore the land which ye shall inhabit, wherein I dwell: for I the LORD dwell among the children of Israel. Deut. v, 17. Thou shalt not kill. Deut. xxvii,24,25. Cursed be he that smiteth his neighbour secretly: and all the people shall say, Amen. Cursed be he that taketh reward to slay an innocent person: and all the people shall say, Amen. Matth. v, 21. Ye have heard that danger did blaspheme God and the king Then they carried him forth o persons, upon one stone: notwith- of the city, and stoned him wit standing, yet Jotham, the young-stones, that he died. Then the est son of Jerubbaal, was left; for sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth stoned, and is dead. he hid himself. 1 Sam. xix, 1. And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. 2 Sam. ill, 26, 30. And when 2 Kings xxv, 25. But it came pass in the seventh month, Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama, of the seed roy came, and ten men with him, smote Gedaliah, that he died, a the Jews and the Chaldees were with him at Mizpah. 2 Chron. xxxil, 21. when he [Sennacherib] came the house of his God, they came forth of his own bowels him there with the sword. Esther iii, 13, 14. And the left were sent by posts into all king's provinces, to destroy kill, and to cause to perish Jews, both young and old, 1 it was said by them of old time, Joab was come out from David, he children and women, in one Thou shalt not kill; and whoso-sent messengers afterAbner,which even upon the thirteenth d ever shall kill shall be in brought him again from the well the twelfth month, (which of the judgment. of Sirah; but David knew it not. month Adar,) and to take 1 Peter iv, 15. But let none of So Joab and Abishai his brother spoil of them for a prey. you suffer as a murderer, or as a slew Abner, because he had slain copy of the writing, for a thief, or as an evil-doer, or as a their brother Asahel at Gibeon in mandment to be given tu e busy-body in other men's matters. the battle. province, was published unte 1 John ill, 12. Not as Cain, who people, that they should be re against that day. was of that wicked one, and slew his brother. And wherefore slew he him? Because his own works were evil, and his brother's right eous. INSTANCES OF MURDER IN PURPOSE OR FACT. Gen. iv, 8. And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him. Exod. 1, 15, 16, 22. And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives; (of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah;) And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools, if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live. And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive. Judges, ix, 5. And he went into his father's house at Ophrah, and 2 Sam. iv, 7. For when he came into the house, he [Ish-bosheth] lay on his bed in his bed-chamber, and they smote bim, and slew him, and beheaded him, and took his head, and gat them away through the plain all nigh'. 2 Sam. xi, 15, 17. And he [David] wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die. And the men of the city went out, and fought with Joab: and there fell some of the people of the servants of David;and Uriah the Hittite died also. Hosea vi, 8. Gilead is a city them that work iniquity, polluted with blood. HUMAN PENALTY AGAINST IT. Gen. ix, 5, 6. And surely blood of your lives will I reg at the hand of every beast w require it, and at the han man; at the hand of every brother will I require the man. Whoso sheddeth blood, by man shall his bloo shed: for in the image of made he man. 2 Sam. xiii, 28. Now Absalom had commanded his servants, sayExod. xxi, 12-15. He that ing, Mark ye now when Amnon's eth a man, so that he die, sha heart is merry with wine, and when I say unto you, Smite Am- surely put to death. And if a non; then kill him, fear not: have lie not in wait, but God d not I commanded you? be coura-him into his hand; then I w point thee a place whither be geous, and be valiant. flee. But if a man com sumptuously upon his ner to slay him with guile, then ( take him from mine altar, may die. And be that sm his father or his mother shal surely put to death. 1 Kings xxi, 13, 14. And there came intwo men, children of Belial, and sat before him: and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the preence of the people, saying, Naboth | Ler. xxiv, 17. And he that killath any man shall surely be put to Jeath. Nam. xxxv, 16–21, 31. And if he mite him with an instrument of ron, so that he die, he is a murerer: the murderer shall surely put to death. And if he smite im with throwing a stone, wheretu he may die, and he die, he is murderer: the murderer shall rely be put to death. Or if he Lite him with an hand-weapon wood, wherewith he may die, at he die, he is a murderer: the rinderer shall surely be put to ith The revenger of blood self shall slay the murderer: ben he meeteth him, he shall slay Ja But if be thrust him of atred, or hurl at him by laying waft, that he die; Or in enmity alte him with his hand, that he :be that smote him shall rly be put to death; for he is a anderer, the revenger of blood al slay the murderer when he exteth him. Moreover, ye shall de no satisfaction for the life of murderer, which is guilty of but he shall surely be put bath. st. xix, 11-13. But if a man his neighbour, and lie in walt tin, and rise up against him, imite him mortally that he and fleeth into one of these "Then the elders of his city adsend and fetch him thence, deliver him into the hand of avenger of blood, that he may Thine eye shall not pity him; * thou shalt put away the guilt innocent blood from Israel, that bay go well with thee. Pro. xxviii, 17. A man that eth violence to the blood of any on shall flee to the pit; let no stay him. INFLICTION OF PENALTY. Kings 1, 31-33. And the king I unto him, Do as he hath said, 1 all upon him, and bury him; thou mayest take away the ocent blood which Joab shed ame, and from the house of father. And the LORD shall cra his blood upon his own d who fell upon two men more Eteous and better than he, and w them with the sword, my her David not knowing thereof, , Abner the son of Ner, cap a of the host of Israel, and sa the son of Jether, captain Lue host of Judah. Their blood all therefore return upon the al of Joab, and upon the head seed for ever: but upon d, and upon his seed, and on his house, and upon his we shall there be peace for ar from the LOBO. DIVINE PENALTY. Gen. iv, 9, 11-14, 23, 24. And the LORD said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not. Am I my brother's keeper? And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy hand. When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength: a fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be in the earth. And Cain said unto the LORD, My punishment is greater than I can bear. Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth; and from thy face shall I be hid; and I shall be a fugitive and a vagabond in the earth: and it shall come to pass, that every one that findeth me shall slay me. And Lamech said unto his wives, Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech: for I have slain a man to my wounding, and a young man to my hurt: If Cain shall be avenged seven-fold, truly Lamech seventy and seven-fold. 1 Kings xxi, 18, 19. Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria: behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, whither he is gone down to possess it. And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the LORD, In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine. 2 Kings xxiv, 3, 4. Surely at the commandment of the LORD came this upon Judah, to remove them out of his sight, for the sins of Manasseh, according to all that he did; And also for the innocent blood that he shed (for he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood,) which the LORD would not pardon. Prov. i, 18, 19. And they lay wait for their own blood; they lurk privily for their own lives. So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; which taketh away the life of the owners there of. Ezek. vii, 23, 24. Make a chain; for the land is full of bloody crimes, and the city is full of violence. Wherefore I will bring the worst of the heathen, and they shall possess their houses: I will also make the pomp of the strong to cease; and their holy places shall be defiled. the top of a rock, that it should not be covered. Joel lil, 19. Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land. Hab. ii, 12, 17. Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and stablisheth a city by iniquity? For the violence of Lebanon shall cover thee, and the spoil of beasts, which made them afraid, because of men's blood, and for the violence of the land, of the city, and of all that dwell therein. 1 John ill, 15. Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer: and ye know that no murderer hath eternal life abiding in him. MALICE THE CAUSE OF Murder. Gen. xxvii, 41, 42. And Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing wherewith his father blessed him: and Esau said in his heart, The days of mourning for my father are at hand: then will I slay my brother Jacob. And these words of Esau her elder son were told to Rebekah. and called Jacob her younger son, And she sent and said unto him, Behold, thy brother Esau, as touching thee, doth comfort himself, purposing to kill thee. they saw him afar off, even before Gen. xxxvii, 18-20. And when he came near unto them, they conspired against him to slay him. And they said one to another, Behold, this dreamer cometh. Come now therefore, and let us slay him, and cast him into some pit; and we will see what will become of his dreams. 1 Sam. xx, 31-33. For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom: whereore now send and fetch him unto me; for he shall surely die. And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done? And Saul cast a javelin at him, to smite him; whereby Jonathan knew that it was deter mined of his father to slay David. 1 Kings xviii, 9, 14. And he said, What have I sinned, that thou Wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me? And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here: and he shall slay me. 2 Kings vi, 31. Then he said, God do so and more also to me, if the head of Elisha the son of Shaphat shall stand on him this day. Ezek. xxiv, 7, 8. For her blood is in the midst of her; she set it upon the top of a rock; she poured it not upon the ground, to cover it with dust: That it might cause fury to come up to take ven- Esther ill, 9. If it please the king, geance; I have set her blood upon | let it be written that they may be destroyed; and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver to the hands of those that have the charge of the business, to bring it into the king's treasuries, Job xxiv, 14. The murderer rising with the light killeth the poor and needy, and in the night is as a thief. Ps. x, 8, 10. He sitteth in the lurking-places of the villages; in the secret places doth he murder the innocent: his eyes are privity set against the poor. He croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones. Ps. xxxi, 13. For I have heard the slander of many; fear was on every side: while they took counsel together against me. they devised to take away my life. Exod. i, 17-21. But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men-children alive. And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men-children alive? And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them. Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty. And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses. than, Saul's son, delighted much 1 Sam. xix, 2, 11, 12. But Jonain David; and Jonathan told David, Jer. xxii, 17. But thine eyes and saying, Saul my father seeketh thine heart are not but for thy to kill thee: now therefore, I pray covetousness, and for to shed in thee, take heed to thyself until nocent blood, and for oppression, the morning, and abide in a secret and for violence, to do it. place, and hid thyself. Saul also sent messengers unto David's Jer. xl, 13-16. Moreover, Johan-house, to watch him, and to slay an the son of Kareah, and all the him in the moruing: and Michal. captains of the forces that were David's wife, told him, saying, If in the fields, came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, And said unto him, Dost thou save not thy life to-night, thou certainly know that Baalis to-morrow thou shalt be slain. So Michal let David down through the king of the Ammonites hath a window: and he went, and fled, sent Ishmael the son of Nethaniah and escaped. to slay thee? But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam believed them not. Then Johanan the son of Kareah spake to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly, saying, Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it: wherefore should he slay thee, that all the Jews which are gathered unto thee should be scattered, and the remnant in Judah perish? But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah, Thou shalt not do this thing, for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael. 1 Sam. xxii, 20. And one of the sons of Abimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David. 2 Kings vi, 32, 33. But Elisha sat in his house, and the elders sat with him; and the king sent a man from before him: but, ere the messenger came to him, he said to the elders. See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away mine head? Look, when the messenger cometh, shut the door, and hold him fast at the door: is not the sound of his master's feet behind him? And, while he yet talked with them, behold, the messenger came down unto him: and he said, Behold, this evil is of the LORD; what should I wait for the LORD any longer. INQUEST. Deut. xxi, 1-9. If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him; Then thy elders and thy judges shall come forth, and they shall measure unto the cities which are round about him that is slain: And it shall be, that the city which is next unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke; And the elders of that city shall bring down the helfer unto a rough valley, which is neither eared wor sown, and shall strike off the heffer's neck there in the valley And the priests the sons of Lev shall come near; (for them the LORD thy God hath chosen to minister unto him, and to bleg in the name of the LORD;) and l their word shall every controvers and every stroke be tried. A all the elders of that city, that on next unto the slain man, sl wash their hands over the beffe that is beheaded in the vall And they shall answer and s Our bands have not shed tiệ blood, neither have our eyes zie it. Be merciful, O LORD, unto th deemed, and lay not innoc people Israel, whom thou hast blood unto thy people of Isra charge. And the blood shail forgiven them. So shalt thoug away the guilt of innocent bie from among you, when thon sha do that which is right in the sig of the LORD. 2.-MANSLAUGHTER Num. XXXV, 10, 11, 22-25. Spe unto the children of Israel, say unto them, When ye be of over Jordan into the land Canaan, Then ye shall app you cities to be cities of re for you; that the slayer may thither, which killeth any per at unawares. But if he thrust suddenly without enmity, or l cast upon him any thing with laying of wait; Or with any sun wherewith a man may die, ere him not, and cast it upon that be die, and And the d enemy, neither sought his ha Deut. xix, 4-6. And this 4 e him because the way is long, slay him; whereas he was not thy of death, inasmuch as he ed him not in time past. TIES OF REFUGE APPOINTED. . XXXV, 12-15. And they I be unto you cities for refuge the avenger; that the maner die not, until he stand bethe congregation in judgment. of these cities which ye shall six cities shall ye have for re. Ye shall give three cities this side Jordan, and three shall ye give in the land of an, which shall be cities of e. These six cities shall be age, both for the children of , and for the stranger, and the sojourner among them; every one that killeth any unawares may flee thither. d. iv, 41, 42. Then Moses red three cities on this side an, toward the sun-rising; the slayer might flee thither, should kill his neighbour ares, and hated him not in past; and that, fleeing unto of these cities, he might death of the nigh priest: but after the death of the high priest the slayer shall return into the land of his possession. And ye shall take no satisfaction for him that is fled to the city of his refuge, that he should come again to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest. Josh. xx, 4-6. And when he that doth flee unto one of those cities shall stand at the entering of the gate of the city, and shall declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city, they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them. And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver the slayer up into his hand; because he smote his neighbour unwittingly, and hated him not beforetime. And he shall dwell in that city, until he stand before the congregation for judgment, and until the death of the high priest that shall be in those days: then shall the slayer return, and come unto his own city, and unto his own house, unto the city from whence he fled. LAW WITH REGARD TO ASSAULT. Exod. xxi, 15, 18-27. And be that smiteth his father or his mother shall surely be put to death. And if men strive to xx, 2, 3, 7-9. Speak to the ren of Israel, saying, Apeat for you cities of refuge, of I spake unto you by the of Moses; That the slayer leth any person unawares, nwittingly, may flee thither: gether, and one smite another hey shall be your refuge with a stone, or with his fist, and the avenger of blood. And he die not, but keepeth his bed; ppointed Kedesh in Galilee If he rise again, and walk abroad at Naphtali, and Shechem upon his staff, then shall he that ant Ephraim, and Kirjath- smote him be quit: only he shall which is Hebron, in the pay for the loss of his time, and ain of Judah. And on the shall cause him to be thoroughly sile Jordan, by Jericho healed. And if a man smite his rd, they assigned Bezer in servant, or his maid, with a rod, Herness upon the plain out and he die under his hand; he shall tribe of Reuben, and Ra-be surely punished. in Gilead out of the tribe standing, if he continue a day or Notwith, and Golan in Bashan out two, he shall not be punished: for tribe of Manasseh. These he is his money. If men strive, he cities appointed for all and hurt a woman with child, so ildren of Israel, and for the that her fruit depart from her, er that sojourneth among and yet no mischief follow: he that whosoever killeth any shall be surely punished,according at unawares might flee as the woman's husband will lay , and not die by the hand upon him; and he shall pay as the avenger of blood, until he judges détermine. And if any before the congregation mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, Eye for eye, REGULATIONS IN THEM. tooth for tooth, hand for hand, i. XXXV, 26-28, 32. But if the wound for wound, stripe for foot for foot, Burning for burning, shall at any time come it the border of the city of stripe. And if a man smite the fnge, whither he was fled; his maid, that it perish; he shall eye of his servant, or the eye of he revenger of blood find let him go free for his eye's sake. ithout the borders of the f his refuge, and the reAnd if he smite out his man-serr of blood kill the slayer; he vant's tooth, or his maid-servant's ot be guilty of blood: Be-tooth; he shall let him go free for be should have remained in his tooth's sake. ty of his refuge until the (See under ANIMALS, Page 35.) CAFE OF MOSES. pass in those days, when Moses Erod. ii, 11-14. And it came to to his brethren, and looked on was grown, that he went out untheir burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren. And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no man, he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand. And when he went out the second day, behold, two men of the Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow? And he said, Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? Intendest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely this thing is known. Acts vil, 25, 29. For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them; but they understood Moses at this saying, and was a where he begat two sons. stranger in the land of Midian, not. Then fled II. LAWS GUARDING PROPERTY. 1.-THEFT FORBIDDEN Deut. v, 19. Neither shalt thou steal. wicked shall destroy them; beProv. xxi, 7. The robbery of the cause they refuse to do judgment. Isa. lxi, 8. For I the LORD love judgment, I hate robbery for burnt-offering; and I will direct their work in truth, and I will make an everlasting covenant with them. 1 Thess. iv, 6. That no man go in any matter; because that the beyond and defraud his brother Lord is the avenger of all such, as we also have forewarned you, and testified. INSTANCES. Judges ix, 25. And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of the mountains, and they robbed all that came along that way by them; and it was told Abimelech. wicked have robbed me: but I P3. cxix, 61. The bands of the have not forgotten thy law. there shall many stand up against the king of the south: also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall. Daniel xi, 14. And in those times Hosea vil, 1. When I would have healed Israel, then the ini |