thinking that he was brought acquainted before, and Philips, a tall, comely person, with him by some friend of his. followed him: and having set officers on each Philips being in the town three or four side of the door on coming through, Philips days, desired Pointz to walk out with him; pointed with his finger over Tindall's head and in walking together without the town, down to him, that the officers might see that they conversed on various subjects, and on it was he whom they should take, as they some of the king's affairs; by which talk afterwards told Pointz, and said, that when Pointz as yet suspected nothing; but, by the they had laid him in prison, "they pitied his sequel, he perceived what had been intended. simplicity when they took him." They acIn the mean time he learned, that he bore cordingly seized him, and brought him to no great good-will to the reformation, or to the emperor's procurator-general, where he the proceedings of the king of England, and dined. Then came the procurator-general perceived about him a deal of mystery and a to the house of Pointz, and sent away all sort of courting him to make him subservient that was there of Mr. Tindall's, as well his to his designs, by the hopes of reward, he books as other things, and from thence Tinalways appearing very full of money. But dall was conveyed to the castle of Filford, Pointz kept at a distance. eighteen miles from Antwerp, where he remained until he was put to death.

Philips, finding that he could not bring him over to his designs, went from Antwerp Some English merchants hearing of his to the court at Brussels; and, although the apprehension, sent letters in his favor to the king had then no ambassador there, being at court of Brussels. Also, not long after, letvariance with the emperor, this traitor con- ters were sent from England to the council trived to bring from thence with him to Ant- at Brussels, and to the merchant adventurers werp, the procurator-general (the emperor's at Antwerp, commanding them to see that attorney) with other officers; which was done those for the council were instantly delivat great expense. ered. Then such of the chief of the mer

A short time after, Pointz sitting at his chants as were there at that time, being door, Philip's servant came to him, and ask- called together, required Pointz to deliver ing whether Mr. Tindall were there, said, his those letters, with letters also from them in master would come to him, and so departed. favor of Tindall, to the lord of Barrow and But whether Philips were then in the town others. or not, was not known; for at that time Pointz saw no more either of the master or of the man.

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The lord of Barrow at that time had departed from Brussels, as the chief conductor of the eldest daughter of the king of DenWithin three or four days after, Pointz mark, to be married to the palsgrave, whose went on business to the town of Barrow, mother was sister to the emperor. Pointz, eighteen English miles from Antwerp, and when he heard of his departure, rode after in the time of his absence, Philips came and overtook him at Achon, where he deagain to the house of Pointz, and coming in, livered to him his letters; to which he made asked Mrs. Pointz for Mr. Tindall, and no direct answer, but somewhat objecting, whether he would dine there with him, say-said, "There were some of his countrymen ing, "What good. meat shall we have?" who had been burned in England not long She answered, "Such as the market will before;" as indeed there were Anabaptists give." Then he went out again, and set burned in Smithfield, which Pointz acknow the officers which he brought with him from ledged. Howbeit," said he, "whatsoever Brussels, in the street, and about the door. the crime was, if your lordship or any other About noon he returned, and went to Mr. nobleman had written, requiring to have had Tindall, and desired him to lend him forty them, I think they should not have been deshillings; "for," said he, "I lost my purse nied." Well," said he, "I have no leisure this morning, coming over at the passage to write, for the princess is ready to ride." between this and Mechlin." So Tindall Then said Pointz, "If it please your lordgave him forty shillings, being very easily ship, I will attend upon you unto the next imposed upon, and entirely unskilled in the baiting place," which was at Maestricht. wiles and subtleties of this world. "If you will," replied he, "I will advise Philips then said, "Mr. Tindall, you shall myself by the way what to write." Upon be my guest here to-day." "No," said Tin- this, Pointz followed him from Achon to dall, I am engaged this day to dinner, and Maestricht, fifteen English miles, and there you shall go with me, and be my guest, where he received letters of him, one to the council you shall be welcome." So when it was at Brussels, another to the company of the dinner time, they went. merchant adventurers, and a third to the lord Cromwell in England.

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At the going out of Pointz's house, was a long narrow entry, so that two could not go Pointz then rode to Brussels, and there in front. Tindall would have put Philips delivered to the council the letters from Engbefore him, but Philips would not go, but land, with the lord of Barrow's letters also, insisted on Tindall's going before. So Tin- and received answers for England, which he dall, being a man of no great stature, went brought to Antwerp to the English mer

chants, who required him to carry them into person suffered to speak or talk with him in England. He, very desirous to have Mr. any other tongue or language, except the Tindall out of prison, forbore no pains, nor Dutch, so that his keepers, who were Dutchregarded the loss of time in his own busi- men, might understand what was said. After ness, but immediately sailed with the letters, this, Pointz delivered his answer to the prowhich he delivered to the council, and was curator-general, and afterwards, at intervals commanded by them to wait until he had of eight days each, replications and answers answers, which was not till a month after. were made by both parties. At length receiving them, he returned again, and delivered them to the emperor's council at Brussels, and there waited for their an

swer.

When the commissioners came to Pointz, the traitor Philips* accompanied them to the door, as following the process against him. as he also did against Tindall.

When he had remained there three or Thus Pointz was exposed to much trouble four days, he was told by a person who be- and suffering, on account of his generous longed to the chancery, that Tindall should exertions in favor of Tindall. He was long have been delivered to him according to the kept in prison; but at length, when he saw tenor of the letters; but Philips being there, no other remedy, by night he made his esfollowed the suit against Tindall, and hear-cape. But the pious Tindall could not so ing that he was to be delivered to Pointz, escape, but remained during a year and a and doubting lest he should thus lose his half in prison; and then being brought to victim, determined to accuse Pointz also, his trial, was offered to have an advocate saying, "That he was a dweller in the town and a proctor. But he refused the offer, sayof Antwerp, and there had been a succorer ing, "That he would answer for himself;" of Tindall, and was one of the same opinion; and so he did. and that all this was only his own labor and At last, after much reasoning, where all suit, to have Tindall at liberty, and no man reason was disregarded, he was condemned else." by virtue of the emperor's decree, made in Thus, upon his information and accusation, the assembly at Augsburgh, and brought to Pointz was attached by the procurator-gen- the place of execution, where he was tied eral, delivered to the custody of two ser- to the stake, and then strangled first by the jeants at arms; and the same evening was hangman, and afterwards consumed with fire examined by a person belonging to the chan- in the town of Filford, A. D. 1536; crying cery, with the procurator-general, who put thus at the stake with a fervent zeal, and a him to his oath, that he should truly make loud voice, "Lord, open the king of Enganswer to all such things as should be in- land's eyes." quired of him. The next day likewise they Such was the power of the doctrine, and came again, and further examined him; and sincerity of the life of this amiable man, and so five or six days one after another, upon glorious martyr, that during his imprisonmore than a hundred articles, as well of the ment, he converted the keeper, his daughter, king's affairs, as of the messages concerning and others of his household. Also all that Tindall, of his aiders, and of his religion. were conversant with him in the castle, acOut of which examinations, the procurator- knowledged, that "if he were not a good general drew up twenty-three or twenty- Christian, they could not tell whom to trust." four articles against Pointz, the copy where- Even the procurator-general left this tesof he delivered to him to make answer to, timony of him, that "he was a learned, an and permitted him to have an advocate and excellent, and a godly man." proctor; and it was ordered that eight days To enumerate the virtues and actions of after he should deliver to them his answer; this blessed martyr, would require much also that he should send no messenger to time, and many pages. Suffice it to say, that Antwerp, nor to any other place, but by the he was one of those who by his works shone post of the town of Brussels; nor send any as a sun of light amidst a dark world, and letters, nor any to be delivered to him, but gave evidence that he was a faithful servant such as were written in Dutch, and the pro- of his master and Savior, Jesus Christ. curator-general, who was party against him, was to peruse and examine them thoroughly, and Pointz, died of a lothesome disease, being conIt is said that Philips, who betrayed Tindall contrary to all right and equity, before they sumed by vermin, who preyed upon his living carwere sent or delivered: neither was any cass.

2E8

SECTION IV.

Persecutions in Scotland, during the Fifteenth and part of the Sixteenth Century.

HAVING brought our account of the suffer- grand object, and to which he made every ings and martyrdoms of the English reform- thing else subservient. He also became acers down to the death of Henry the Eighth, quainted with Luther and Melancthon; and we shall now proceed to relate the cruel per- being convinced, from his own researches, secutions of God's faithful servants in Scot- of the truth of their doctrines, he burned to land, to the same period; but it will previ- impart the light of the gospel to his own ously be necessary to give a short sketch countrymen, and to show them the errors of the progress of the reformation in that and corruptions of their church. For this country. great purpose he returned to Scotland.

The long alliance between Scotland and After preaching some time, and holding up France, had rendered the two nations ex- the truth to hi, deluded countrymen, he was tremely attached to each other; and Paris at length inv ted to St. Andrews, to confer was the place where the learned of Scotland upon the points in question. But his enehad their education. Yet early in the fif- mies could not stand the light, and finding teenth century, learning was more encour- they could not defend themselves by arguaged in Scotland, and universities were ment, resolved upon revenge. Hamilton was founded in several Episcopal sees. About accordingly imprisoned. Articles were exthe same time some of Wickliffe's followers hibited against him, in which he was charged began to show themselves in Scotland; and an Englishman, named Resby, was burnt in 1407 for teaching some opinions contrary to the pope's authority.

Some years after that, Paul Craw, a Bohemian, who had been converted by Huss, was burnt for infusing the opinions of that martyr into some persons at St. Andrew's.

with having denied free-will; advocated jus tification by faith alone; and declared that faith, hope, and charity, are so linked together, that one cannot exist in the breast without the other.

Upon his refusing to abjure these doctrines, Beaton, archbishop of St. Andrew's, with the archbishop of Glasgow, three bishAbout the end of the fifteenth century, ops, and five abbots, condemned him as an Lollardy, as it was then called, spread itself obstinate heretic, delivered him to the secuinto many parts of the diocese of Glasgow, lar power, and ordered his execution to take for which several persons of quality were place that very afternoon; for the king had accused; but they answered the archbishop gone in pilgrimage to Ross, and they were of that see with so much boldness and truth, afraid, lest, upon his return, Hamilton's that he dismissed them, having admonished friends might have interceded effectually for them to content themselves with the faith him. When he was tied to the stake, he of the church, and to beware of new doc- expressed great joy in his sufferings, since trines. by these he was to enter into everlasting life.

The same spirit of ignorance, immorality, and superstition, had overrun the church of A train of powder being fired, it did not Scotland, that was so much complained of in kindle the fuel, but only burnt his face, which other parts of Europe. The total neglect of occasioned a delay till more powder was the pastoral care, and the scandalous lives brought; and in that time the friars continuof the clergy, filled the people with such ally urged him to recant, and pray to the prejudices against them, that they were Virgin, saying the Salve Regina. Among easily disposed to hearken to new preachers, the rest, a friar named Campbel, who had among the most conspicuous of whom was been often with him in prison, was very offiPatrick Hamilton.

STORY AND MARTYRDOM OF PATRICK
HAMILTON.

cious. Hamilton answered him, that he knew he was not a heretic, and had confessed it to him in private, and charged him to answer for that at the throne of Almighty God.* By This noble martyr was nephew, by his this time the gunpowder was brought, and father, to the earl of Arran, and by his mother, the fire being kindled, he died, repeating to the duke of Albany. He was educated these words, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit! for the church, and would have been highly How long, oh Lord! how long shall darkness preferred, having an abbey given him for overwhelm this kingdom? and how long wilt prosecuting his studies. But, going over to thou suffer the tyranny of these men?" He Germany, and studying at the university of suffered death in the year 1527. Marpurg, he soon distinguished himself by

his zeal, assiduity, and great progress, par- A short time after this, Campbel became mad, ticularly in the scriptures, which were his and died within a year.

The views and doctrines of this glorious orders, but also your own baptism;" meanmartyr were such as could not fail to excite ring thereby whatever had been added by the highest admiration of every real believer; papistry to that which Christ himself instiand they were expressed with such brevity, tuted. Then, after his degradation, they such clearness, and such peculiar vigor and condemned him "as a heretic equal with beauty (forming in themselves a complete Patrick Hamilton:" and so he suffered death summary of the gospel) that they afforded for his faithful testimony of the truth of instruction to all who sought to know more Christ and his gospel, near the abbey church of God. of St. Andrew.

Several others were brought into the bishops' courts, of whom the greatest part abjured; but two suffered in the year 1534. These were

The force of the truths preached by Hamilton, the firmness of his death, and the singular catastrophe of friar Campbel, made strong impressions on the people; and many received the new opinions. Seaton, a Dominican, the king's confessor, preaching in NORMAN GOURLAY AND DAVID STRATTON. Lent, set out the nature and method of true Gourlay had said, that there was no such repentance, without mixing the directions place as purgatory, and that the pope was which the friars commonly gave on that sub-not a bishop, but Antichrist, and had no juject; and when another friar attempted to risdiction in Scotland.-David Stratton was show the defectiveness of what he had taught, a fisherman; he also said there was no purSeaton defended himself in another sermon, gatory; that the passion of Christ was the and reflected on those bishops who did not only expiation for sin, and that the tribulapreach, calling them dumb dogs. But the tions of this world were the only sufferings clergy dared not meddle with him, till they that the saints underwent. When the vicar had by secret insinuations ruined his credit asked him for his tithe-fish, Stratton cast with the king; and the freedom he used in them to him out of the boat, so that some fell reproving him for his vices, quickly alienated into the sea; on which the other accused James from him; upon which he withdrew him as having said, that no tithes should be into England, and wrote to the king, taxing paid. the clergy for their cruelty, and praying him to restrain it.

MARTYRDOM OF HENRY FOREST.

These two, although greatly solicited by the archbishop and others of the clergy, refused to recant, and were, accordingly condemned as obstinate heretics, and sentenced Within a few years after the martyrdom to be burned upon the green-side between of Patrick Hamilton, Henry Forest, a young Leith and Edinburgh, with a view to strike friar of Lithgow, said, that Hamilton died a terror into the surrounding country. In the martyr, and that the doctrines, for preaching afternoon of the same day, they were taken which he suffered, were true. For this he to the place of execution; and, kneeling was apprehended and committed to prison down, they prayed with great fervency for by James Beaton, archbishop of St. Andrew's; some time. Then Stratton, addressing himwho, shortly after, caused a friar, named self to the spectators, exhorted them to lay Walter Laing, to hear his confession. aside their superstitious and idolatrous no

Henry Forest, in secret confession, de- tions, and employ themselves in seeking the clared on his conscience, that he thought true light of the gospel. He wished to have Hamilton to be a good man, and wrongfully said more, but was prevented by the officers. put to death, and that his doctrines were The sentence was then put into execution, true, and not heretical; upon which the and the martyrs cheerfully yielded up their friar came and related to the bishop the con- bodies to the flames, commending their souls fession which he had received. to the mercy of their heavenly Father, and hoping for immortality, through the merits of their blessed Redeemer.

This was taken as sufficient evidence against him; and he was accordingly declared to be "a heretic, equal in iniquity with Patrick Hamilton," and sentenced to suffer death.

Several others were accused, of whom some fled to England, and others to Ger

many.

When the day for his execution arrived, The changes made in England, raised in he was brought before the clergy, in a place all the people a wish to search into matters between the castle of St. Andrew's and of religion, which was always fatal to suMonymaill. As soon as he entered, and saw perstition; and pope Clement the Seventh, the faces of the clergy, he cried with a loud well aware that the papal religion would voice, "Fy on falsehood, fy on false friars, not bear investigation, wrote earnestly to the revealers of confession: after this day let no king of Scotland, to continue firm to the man ever trust any false friars, contemners Catholic faith, resisting all attempts at innoof God's word, and deceivers of men." vation. Upon this, the king called a parlia They then proceeded to degrade him of ment, in which new laws were made for his friar's orders, and he said, with a loud maintaining the pope's authority, and provoice, "Take from me not only your own ceeding against heretics. King Henry sen

Barlow, bishop of St. David's, to James, with Sunday to your parishioners, and that you some books that were written in defence of take not the cow, nor the uppermost cloth, his proceedings, and desired him to examine from your parishioners, which is very preju them impartially. He also proposed an inter- dicial to the churchmen; and, therefore, I view at York, and a marriage between king would you took your cow, and your upperJames and lady Mary, his eldest daughter. most cloth, as other churchmen do, or else James was not unwilling to listen to these pro- it is too much to preach every Sunday; for, posals, but the clergy persuaded him to go in so doing, you may make the people think in person to France, and court Magdalene, that we should preach likewise. But it is daughter of the French king. He accord- enough for you, when you find any good ingly gratified their wishes, and married her epistle, or any good gospel, that setteth forth in January 1537; but she died in the follow- the liberty of the holy church, to preach that, ing May. Upon her death, the king married and let the rest be." Mary of Guise; she was a branch of the Forret answered, "My lord, I think that family that was most zealously addicted to none of my parishioners will complain, that the old superstition of any in all Europe; I take not the cow, nor the uppermost cloth, and her interest joined with that of the clergy, engaged the king to become a violent persecutor of all who were of another mind. The king was very expensive, both in his pleasures and buildings; so that he was always in want of money. The nobility proposed to him the seizing on the abbey-lands, as his uncle, king Henry, had done. The clergy, on the other hand, advised him to proceed severely against all suspected of heresy; by which means, according to the lists they showed him, he might raise 100,000 crowns a year: they also advised him to provide his illegitimate children with abbeys and priories; and represented to him, that if he continued stedfast in the "old religion," he would have a great party in England, and might be made the head of a league, which was then projected against king Henry.

This so far prevailed with him, that he made four of his sons abbots and priors, and he gave way to the persecuting spirit of the clergy; upon which, many were cited to answer for heresy; some of whom abjured, and some were banished.

but will gladly give me the same, together with any other thing that they have; and I will give and communicate with them any thing that I have; and so, my lord, we agree right well, and there is no discord among us. And whereas your lordship saith, it is too much to preach every Sunday,' indeed I think it is too little; and also would wish that your lordship did the like."

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Nay, nay, dean Thomas," cried the bishop, "let that be, for we are not ordained to preach."

Then said Forret, "Where your lordship biddeth me preach, when I find any good epistle, or a good gospel; truly, my lord, I have read the New Testament and the Old, and all the epistles and gospels, and among them all I could never find an evil epistle, or an evil gospel; but if your lordship will show me the good epistle, and the good gospel, and the evil epistle, and evil gospel, then I shall preach the good and omit the evil."

The bishop replied, "I thank God that 1 never knew what the Old and New Testament was; therefore, dean Thomas, I will Among those who were in trouble was know nothing but my portuise and pontifical. George Buchanan, who, at the king's insti- Go your way, and let be all these fantasies, gation, had written a very satirical poem for if you persevere in these erroneous opinagainst the Franciscans, but was now aban- ions, ye will repent when you may not mend doned by his royal friend. He made his it." escape, and after living twenty years in Forret said, "I trust my cause is just in foreign countries, returned to do his country the presence of God; and, therefore, I heed honor; and by his poems, and his history of not much what may follow thereupon;" and Scotland, show how great a master he so he departed. was of the Latin language, and how well skilled in the knowledge of human affairs.

A short time afterwards, he was summoned to appear before cardinal Beaton, archNot long after the burning of Stratton and bishop of St. Andrew's; and, after a short Gourlay, dean Thomas Forret was accused examination, he was condemned to be burnt to the bishop of Dunkeld, as "a heretic, as a heretic. A similar sentence was proand one that showed the mysteries of the nounced, at the same time, on four other scriptures to the vulgar people, in their own persons, named Killor, Beverage, Simson, language, to make the clergy detestable in and Foster; and they were all burnt totheir sight." gether on the castle-hill, at Edinburgh, February 28, 1538.

The bishop of Dunkeld said to him, "I love you well, and therefore I must give you my counsel, how you shall rule and guide yourself.

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MARTYRDOM OF RUSSEL AND KENNEDY.

The year following the martyrdoms of the My dear dean Thomas, I am informed before-mentioned persons, viz. 1539, two hat you preach the epistle or gospel every others were apprehended on a suspicion of