the soil, the overhanging shadows of the contiguous and richly-clothed mountains, with the splendid mansion-like style of the civilians' houses, which are not only large and imposing without, but commodious and airy within, impart to this station a superiority and attractiveness, not possessed by other places of European residence in the peninsula. There is usually a company of sepoys, and an officer in command, to keep the criminals under awe in the prison, which contains sometimes five or six hundred. The sepoys occupy a small fort. The collector of one of the Arcot districts usually resides here, a civilian whose salary may be about 4,000l. per annum. There are, besides him, circuit judges, each with an almost equal salary, and their registrar, with half their income. There is also the zillah, or local judge, with his registrar, dividing five thousand between them. There is, of course, a medical attendant, and always some visiting friend or passing traveller. The native officers of the courts rank high, and receive liberal salaries. To estimate the judicial business of the courts here, civil as well as criminal, I may mention that the Madras presidency is placed under the superintendence of four circuit courts; and, besides one of these, a zillah-court has its head-quarters at Chittoor. Zillah means side, or division; a second zillah-court is at Chinglepet, and a third at Cuddapah. The circuitjudges take their turn on circuit through the district, carrying justice to the homes of the people -at least such is the object of their appointment : but grave matters come before all three; appeals, also, from one to the three; and from the zillah to the circuit-judges; they have the power of capital punishment, but an appeal may be made from them to a kind of supreme court at Madras-the Sudder Diwanee and Fouzdar Adawlut.

The gentleman, on whom I called, had some knowledge of my name, as I had of his; but we had never met each other. He received me under the piazzas of his princely mansion as I stepped out of my palanquin; an interchange of names was the commencement of our intercourse; an intercourse which ripened into reciprocal confidence, kindred sympathies, the maturity and fellowship of similar sentiments on religious and ecclesiastical peculiarities, and a large measure of correspondence and cooperation in schemes of usefulness and benevolence. This gentleman was heir to extensive English estates, and derived from them a large yearly revenue. But he had consecrated his all to the service of God among the Hindoos. His fortune-6,000l. per annum-was the smallest matter of the dedication: his life was a continual sacrifice; his influence, his personal exertions, whenever they could be devoted. His knowledge of the language was extensive, and his powers of utterance fluent. Every morning he spent an hour, sometimes two, imparting instruction in the sacred oracles to the professing native Christians, and conducting morning exercises of devotion; in the evening, again, he was similarly occupied. Sabbath after Sabbath did he labour to make the truth of the Gospel known to the poor heathen-to the mendicant, the prisoner, and the young; he was the principal support of an English service every Sabbath, in the court-house, for the European families; with him were associated two or three civilians and some pious women, in the more general operations. He employed teachers for the young, and men who acted as catechists: one of whom was introduced to me as having been a pupil of Schwartz, at Tanjore. He supported many of the Hindoos, whom he had adopted into his family, at his own private table. He had fitted up a wing of his elegant mansion as a chapel for worship, and furnished it in a convenient manner, besides placing in it a magnificent and welltoned organ. He gave one meal every week to the mendicant poor; when he addressed them on the subject of greatest interest. In most of his benevolent operations he had a few associates from among the other residents; some of whom used to meet with him weekly for mutual counsel and prayer. There were others among the local civilians, unrelenting and unscrupulous opposers of such efforts; and by sneers, open hostility, secret manœuvres, and malicious misrepresentations, they sought to wound the feelings, the reputation, or secular interests of this christian band :-danger, madness, hypocrisy, or impurity, were insinuated or charged against the plans and proceedings of the warm-hearted enthusiast. The affliction occasioned by such hatred and hateful opposition to his benevolent mind, was known only to the God whom he served. I doubt, indeed, the wisdom of some of his measures; his worldly influence was a bait, to which many a mercenary hypocrite was allured; it attracted the hollowhearted deceivers, who made large profession, and rendered unscrupulous conformity to his schemes for months and years, till they had attained their object. As it drew them, it misled him, and served as a veil to conceal the designs of his plunderers. He knew that many came not for the word, but because they did eat of the loaves and were filled. Yet he was ever ready to judge of others by his own generous honesty, and take the fairest estimate of those who attached themselves to his brethren. He was too much in the habit of giving, and too much elevated in outward distinction, to be able to form an impartial judgment of the native professors. He also felt so acutely the malevolence which persecuted Christianity in himself, that he often imputed to the same origin the insinuations which assailed the native Christians. Indeed, I believe he would have done more good had he laboured personally, to the same degree to which he devoted himself, and abstained from any direct distribution, among the people, of his large pecuniary resources; and had he devoted his substance as fully to the same sacred cause, and in the same amount, but through unknown channels; employing others ostensibly as his almoners. He would then have seen more clearly what was the effect of moral influence, what was the fruit of principle, and the sincerity of converts. It would not have blinded himself, or deluded others. When I visited the Hindoos at Chittoor, there was a vast amount of christian profession; but when the work was tried by the fire, the disproportion was mortifying indeed. My friend had also, from the best intentions, and in the most honourable manner, married a Hindoo female, whom he had educated in his own house. I have no doubt he loved the woman; but he had been led into the attachment from a desire to elevate the female character among the people of that land. His best friends condemned the proceeding; but none that knew the purity and singleness of his mind, ever questioned the integrity and benevolence of his design. I fear it was afterwards the source of much distress to his devout mind.

Three weeks did I spend under this hospitable christian friend's roof; nor had we a single idle day, or occasion for ennui. A new world had opened to me, and a fresh source of enjoyment was presented to him. The religious world, with its leading characters, and new forms of opinion and operation, was most entertaining, and seemed instructive to him, who had been almost thirty years in India. The history of parties, and their lines of distinction, directed his mind into new channels of thought, and led to other associations of mind and fellowship. I became his fellow-labourer, morning and evening; he became my interpreter and guide. Many were the precious hours we thus spent. One or two seasons of exciting interest intervened. On