ing, Psal. civ. 11. As the spirit of EN, is, (1.) To give natural life to God, and his wrath, are likened to the dead, Rom. iv. 17. (2.) To give fire, they are said to be quenched spiritual life to them who are dead when the Spirit's influence is check-in trespasses and sins, removing their ed by the prevalence of sinful lusts, guilt, instating them in favour with I Thess. v. 19. and the judgments God, and producing in them a living of God are stopped, Ezek. xx. 48. principle of grace, Eph. ii. 1, 5, Children, as the coal of comfort to (3.) To restore, re-invigorate, and parents; and kings, as the light of cheer up, such saints as are under spikingdoms are quenched when cut off ritual langour and weakness, by givby death, 2 Sam. xiv. 7. and xxi. 17. Jing them new supplies of grace and Men are quenched as tow, when their comfort, Psal. cxix. Jesus, the last glory and power to hurt are easily Adam, is a quickening Spirit; as the taken from them, Isa. xliii. 17. The second public head of men in the new violence of fire was quenched, when covenant, he, being possessed of a diit could not hurt Shadrach, Meshach, vine nature, and of the fulness of the and Abednego, Heb. xi. 34. Christ Holy Ghost, is the fountain of life, will not quench desires after himself, spiritual and eternal, to all those who though weak as fire in smoking flax; believe in and obey him, 1 Cor will not destroy, but tenderly encou-xv. 45. rage and strengthen them, Isa. xlii. 3. QUICK-SANDS, or SYRTES, QUESTION, (1.) A demand to two moving sands on the north of which an answer is at least seeming- Africa, almost over against Sicily, ly required, Matt. xxii. 35. (2.) which, either by the slime, or some Contentions, disputes, 2 Tim. ii. 23. other quality, renders it very dangerQuestions are either religious, Deut. ous for ships to sail near them, Acts vi. 20. or blasphemous, John viii. xxvii. 17. 48. curious, Luke xiii. 23. foolish and unlearned about trifles, Tit. iii. 9. hard, or uneasy to be answered, 1 Kings x. 1. captious, tending to ensnare the answerer, Mark xii. 14. QUIVER, a case for holding arhypocritical, Matt. ii. 7. accusing, rows. When children are likened to Neh. ii. 19. reproving, 1 Sam. i. 14. arrows, the house is the quiver, Psal. denying and affirming, Numb. xii. 2. cxxvii. 5. When God's judgments proud and vain, Matt. xviii. To ques-are likened to arrows, his purpose tion one, is the same as EXAMINE. and providence are the quiver, Lam. QUIET, See REST. QUICK, (1.) Living, Acts x. 42. iii. 13. When Christ, or Isaiah, is (2.) Very sensible, Lev. xiii. 10. likened to an arrow, God's protec(3.) Very ready, and so quickly, is tion, wherein they are hid and prewith all possible haste, John xi. 29. served, is the quiver, Isa. xlix. 2. The word of God is quick and power-Sometimes quiver is put for arrowe ful Christ, the personal Word of in it: thus the quiver, i. e. the arGod, is the living God, and Author rows from it, rattle against the horse of all created life; and is infinitely in battle, Job xxxix. 23. and the able to save men, and to convince quiver of the Chaldeans was an open and turn their hearts as he pleaseth: sepulchre; their arrows killed multithe revealed word of God powerfully tudes, Jer. v. 16. awakens, convinces, and converts TO QUIVER, is to pant for breath, men to him, Heb. iv. 12. TO QUICK-lor to tremble for fear, Hab. iii. 16. R RA AAMAH, thunder, or bruising, chartumim, the master of the interthe fourth son of Cush, who preters of dreams, Jer. xxxix. 3. 2 peopled a country in Arabia the Hap- Kings xxv. 8. Dan. i. 3. and ii. 48. py, I suppose, at the entrance of the and v. 11. To keep order, AhasuPersian gull. The posterity of Raam-erus set a rab or governor at every ah carried on trade with the Tyrians, table of his splendid feast, Esth. i. 6. in spices, precious stones, and gold, Rab is now with the Jews reckoned Gen. x. 7. Ezek. xxvii. 22. a more dignified title than rabbi, and RABBAH, or RABBATH, great, rabbin or rabbim greater than either; powerful, contentious, the capital city and to become such, one must ascend of the Ammonites, stood near the by several degrees. The rector of source of the river Arnon. It seems their school is called rab-chacham, to have been a considerable city in the wise master. He that attends it the time of Moses; and to it the in order to obtain a doctorship, is iron bedstead of Og was transported, called bachur the candidate. After Deut. iii. 11. After Joab had be- that, he is called chabar-lerab, the sieged it a long time, and Uriah had master's companion. At his next debeen slain before it, David went thi-gree, he is called rab, rabbi, and ther with a reinforcement, and quick-morenu, our teacher. The rab-chaly after took it, and used the princi- cham decides in religious, and frepal inhabitants, if not others, in a quently in civil, affairs. He celeterrible manner. Some time after, brates marriages, and declares diShobi, the conquered king's brother, vorcements. He is head of the coland David's deputy in it, brought legians, and preaches if he has a tahim beds for his soldiers at Mahana- lent for it. He reproves the unruly, im, 2 Sam. xi. and xii. and xvii. and excommunicates offenders. Both The city was, long after, pillaged by in the school and synagogue he sits the Assyrians and Chaldeans, Amos in the chief seat, and in the school i. 14. Jer. xlix. 2, 3. Ezek. xxi. his scholars sit at his feet. Where 20. and xxv. 5. Ptolemy Philadel-the synagogue is small, he is both phus, the Greek monarch of Egypt, preacher and judge; but where the repaired it, and called it Philadel-Jews are numerous, they have ordiphia; and not long after, Antiochus narily a council for their civil matthe great, of Syria, seized it. In the ters; but if the rabbin be called to it, primitive ages of Christianity there he usually takes the chief seat. Our was a church of some note here: at Saviour inveighs against the rabbins, present the place is of very small whether Scribes or Pharisees, of his consequence. Rabbath-moab is the time, as extremely proud, ambitious same as AR. of honorary titles and honorary seats, RABBI, RAB, RABBAN, RABBON, and as given to impose on others a a title signifying master. It seems vast number of traditions not warto have come originally from Assy-ranted by the word of God, Matt. ria. In Sennacherib's army, we find xv. and xxiii. Since that time, God Rab-shakeb, the master of the drink has given up the Jewish rabbins to ing or butler, and Rab-saris, the mas- the most astonishing folly and triter of the cunuchs. In Nebuchad- fling; they chiefly deal in idle and nezzar's, we find also Rab-mag, the stupid traditions, and whimsical dechief of the magi; and Nebuzaradan cisions on points of no consequence, is called Rab-tchachim, the master of except to render the observers of them the butchers, cooks, or guards. We ridiculous. In geography and hisfind also at Babylon, Rab-saganim, tory they make wretched work. Inthe master of the governors, and Rab-consistencies of timing things, ab RIB. surdities, and dry rehearsals, crowd and crafty concealment of them when their page. In their commentaries he searched her tent, and her after de on the scripture, they are ordinarily livery of them to Jacob; his peculiar blind to what an ordinary reader care to secure her and her child from might perceive, and retail multitudes the fury of Esau; her having Joseph of silly fancies fit only to move our for her first-born son; her purchase of pity or contempt. The judicious On-Reuben's mandrakes; and at last her kelos, the laborious Nathan-morde-dying in child-birth of Benjamin, cai, the famed Maimonides, the two and being buried at Zelzah, a little Kimchis, Aben-ezra, Solomon Jarchi, north of Bethlehem; have been reJaichides, Sephorno, Benmelech, and lated under the article JACOB. The some others, however, deserve a much voice heard in Ramah, Rachel weepbetter character. See TRADITION. ing for her children, and refusing to RABSHAKEH. See SENNACHE-be comforted because they were not to be found in life, signifies, that at RACE. See RUN. the Chaldean captivity, and when RACA. Lightfoot says, that in the babes of Bethlehem were murthe books of the Jews, the word Ra-dered by Herod, her daughters of the ca is a term of the utmost contempt, tribe of Benjamin, and their sisters of and is used to be pronounced with the tribe of Judah, so bitterly becertain gestures of indignation, or wailed the loss of their children, that spitting, turning away the head, &c. their weeping was heard unto RaThe Pharisees in their lectures upon mah; and that if Rachel who lay this law, Thou shalt not kill, extended buried near by, could have risen from it no farther than that a man should her grave, she, who was so fond not without a warrant actually take of children, would have joined them away the life of another. But our in their lamentations, Jer. xxxi. 15. Saviour gave them another sense of Matt. ii. 18. this law, namely, that if a man doth but in his heart nourish wrath and anger against another, and suffers it to grow up into malice, and thoughts, and desires of revenge, though he be not by it obnoxious to courts of jus- RAGE, violent anger, whereby a tice, yet he is accountable to God, person is put into a tumult of passion, and liable to his judgment: but if as the sea in a storm, and is ready to men suffer their passions to break out destroy what gives the offence, 2 Kings into reviling and opprobrious lan-v. 12. A man's jealousy is his rage; guage, such as Raca, or thou fool, the detection of his wife's whoredom they are not only liable to the eternal with another readily puts him into vengeance of God, but ought to be such a rage, as he is ready to cut off subjected to the punishment of the both her and her paramour without civil magistrate; these scornful, dis-the least mercy, Prov. vi. 34. Men dainful, and villifying speeches, be- rage, when they bestir themselves as ing the beginning of murder, provo- if mad and furious, and assemble in a cations to it, and indications of a tumultuous manner, Psal. ii. 1. Chamurderous heart, Matt. v. 22. RACHEL, a sheep. An account of her beauty; of Jacob's great love to, and marriage of her; her barrenness for a time, and fretfulness under it; her putting her maid to her husband's bed for the sake of children, and the significant names she gave them; her stealing her father's idols, RAFTER, the secondary timbers of the house; the timbers which are let into the great beams that bear up the galleries, or flat roofs of houses, Cant. i. 17. riots rage, when, being furiously driven, they justle one against another, as the swelling waves of the sea in a storm, Isa. xlvi. 9. RAGS: to be clothed with them denotes deep poverty, Prov. xxiii. 21. Our self-righteousness is likened to filthy rags, or a menstruous cloth; it can no more adorn our soul, or ren der it accepted before God as our her friends, by Joshua's order and the Judge, than filthy rags; but with its care of the spies, were preserved vileness provokes his detestation, therein. She joined herself to the Isa. Ixiv. 6. Jewish religion; and behaved in a RAHAB, proud, strong, broad, manner so prudent and pious, that quarrelsome, (1.) A name given to Salmon, or Salma, son of Nashon, and Egypt,to denote the pride and strength prince of the children of Judah, esof that kingdom, Psal. lxxxvii. 3. and poused her, and had by her the famed lxxxix. 10. Isa. li. 9. (2.) A Ca-Boaz. The Spirit of God highly naanitish harlot, or inn-keeper of Je-commends her faith and good works, richo. Some fancy she was only but not the lie which she told to conan inn-keeper; and that if she had ceal the spies, Heb. xi. 31. James been a harlot, the spies would not ii. 25. have lodged with her, nor Salmon RAIL. See REVILE. have married her: but this reasoning RAIN, is formed of the moist vais inconclusive: the spies might not pours exhaled by the heat of the sun know her character when they took which, being collected into clouds, up their lodging, and she was migh-fall upon the earth in drops; and, tily reformed before Salmon married when it freezes before its fall, it is callher. It is certain the word ZONAH ed hail or snow. When it falls down signifies a harlot, and the name as in water-spouts, the windows, or PORNE ascribed to her by James, flood-gates of heaven, are said to be chap. ii. 25. and Paul, Heb. xì. 31. opened. In the time of drought, the signifies nothing else. Inwardly earth is represented as crying to the touched by the Spirit of God, she heavens, and the heavens or clouds kindly lodged the messengers whom crying to God for his permission to Joshua sent to spy the place. The pour their moist treasures in rain king hearing of them, sent to appre-and dew upon the earth, Hos. ii. 21. hend them; but she hid them on the In Upper Egypt, it seldom rains any top of her house, and told the king's at all. In some parts of the Persian messengers that they were gone, empire, it rains but little for eight and might be overtaken if they were months together. In Syria and Barbaquickly pursued. She then went up ry, there is scarcely any rain during to the Hebrew spies, and told them the summer. In Canaan, they ordinathat she believed the Lord would de-rify had a plentiful rain twice a year: liver the country into their hand, the former rain happened about and knew that the inhabitants were September, and the latter about the already in a panic of terror. She re- beginning of March, just before their quested their oath, that herself and harvest, Joel ii. 23. Zech. x. 1. her family should be spared when Je- Rain, when seasonable, is showers of richo should be taken. They solemn-blessing, Ezek. xxxiv. 26. The loosly engaged, that every body found in ing of the earth in the spring, proher house should be unhurt, provided duces a multitude of moist vapours: her window should be marked with and in September, the withdrawa scarlet string. Her house being on ment of the sun, occasioning the fall the wall, she let them down from of the higher vapours on the lower, her window by a rope, and directed produces rain. In some places near them to hide themselves three days seas, lakes, and great rivers, the in the adjacent mountains till the quantity of rain is very considerable searchers for them should be return-In Lancashire, the yearly depth of ed. They followed her direction, it, taken altogether, is about 42 and got safe to their camp. When, inches; at Pisa in Ialy, about 43. a few weeks after, Jericho was ta- Near the equator, the rains are often ken, having marked her house ac- excessive during the summer; and cording to agreement, she and all were it not so, the inhabitants would be scorched with the heat. Thunder] stand; the one, the ordinary or priand lightning dissolve the clouds, and mary bow; the other, the extraordiso rain ordinarily follows, Psa. cxxxv. nary, or secondary, inclosing the 7. Whatever is very refreshing, nou- primary. In the ordinary bow the rishing, delightful, and tending to red colour stands uppermost, and the make persons fruitful in good works, violet undermost: in the extraordias important instructions, outward nary this order is inverted. The orblessings, and the word, ordinances, dinary bow is formed by two refracand influences, of Jesus Christ and tions, the one when the ray enters his Spirit, are likened to rain and the drop, the other at coming out, blessed showers, Deut. xxxii. 2. Job with one intermediate reflection. If xxiv. 22, 23. Isa. v. 6. Psal. lxviii. 9. the angle at the eye, formed by the Ezek. xxxiv. 26. Thus rain com- issuing ray and a line parallel to the ing on mown grass, and on the earth, incident ray, contains 42 deg. 2 min. denotes the Messiah's coming in the the red colour appears; but if only doctrines of his gospel, and the in- 40 deg. 17 min. the violet; and befluences of his Spirit, Psal. Ixxii. 6. tween these two angles, the other The remnant of Jacob are likened to colours in their successive order. In showers; the Jewish apostles and the extraordinary bow there are two believers, and saints and ministers of refractions and two intermediate reevery nation, are useful to promote flections. If the angle formed as the spiritual growth and fruitfulness before, be 54 deg. 7 min. the violet of the places they live in, Mic. v. 7. appears; but if 50 deg. 57 min. the Destructive judgments are likened to red; and under the immediate anan overflowing shower, to mark how gles, the other colours in inverted sudden, wasting, and ruinous, they succession. are to a country, Ezek. xiii. 11. Whatever falls plentifully out of the air, as fire and brimstone, or manna, is said to be rained from it, Gen. xix. 24. Psal. lxxviii. 24, 27. A man may form a kind of artificial rainbow, by hanging a black cloth opposite to the sun, and, turning his back to the sun and his face to the cloth, cause water to fall like a showRAINBOW, one of the grandest er of rain between him and it; thus a and most beautiful phenomena in na- rainbow will be formed in these ture, and yet nothing more is requi- drops. Whether the common rainsite for its production than drops of bow proceeding from natural causes, rain and sun-shine: we never ob- appeared before the flood, is not serve a rainbow but when the rain agreed. Perhaps it did uot; and falls before us, and the sun is behind then it was a more striking token, us; for the rays of the sun are re-and more effectual to confirm Noah's fracted in the drops of rain, by which refraction the different colours of the bow are produced, the very same with those of the prism. In our climate, in which we are never placed between the sun and the south, we never observe a rainbow, towards that quarter. Though the bow is formed in the falling drops of rain, yet it appears to us to be in the cloud, if there be no rising ground behind it and as it is formed in the successive falling drops, we see a different bow every moment. There is a two-fold bow, distinguished by the order in which the colours faith in the divine promise, that the flood should never return to overflow the earth. It is certain, every disposition of a rainy cloud is not proper to produce a rainbow; and who knows but before the flood the clouds might be always so disposed as not to form any? Its appearance, though now ordinary, continues still a divine token, that the earth shall no more be drowned with a universal flood, Gen. ix. 8-17.-The covenant of grace is likened to a rainbow round about God's throne, and about Christ's kead; this glorious display of the excellencies of the Sun of righteousness |