a son of Ishmael, who probably found-1942,719,750l. or 939,299,6871. stered the city Thema, or Thamma, near ling, and in weight amounted to the west of Chaldea, and was the about 46,000 tons weight of gold and parent of the troops of Tema, Gen. silver. About 183,600 men, Hebrews xxv. 5. Job ix. 10. and Canaanites, were employed in

TEMAN, or TIMNAH, the south, building it. Every thing was made or perfect, the grandson of Esau by ready ere it came to the spot, so his son Eliphaz, and parent of the that nothing was to be done but Temanites, of whom Eliphaz, Job's joining the materials; and yet it was friend, was one, and Husham, an seven years in building. It was ancient king of Edom, another, Gen. erected on mount Moriah. The top xxxvi. 34. We suppose he built a of this hill was inclosed with a wall. city called Teman, about five miles Into this there was an entrance on from Petra. Most, if not the whole every side; besides one towards the of the land of Edom, is sometimes south-west for the royal family, called Teman, Jer. xlix. 20. Amos i. whereby, on a raised way, called the 12. The symbols of the divine pre-gate of Shallecheth, they came to their sence seemed to move from above the place in the covert of the Sabbath, land of Teman and Paran, to Sinai, The east gate was called Sur; the which lay south-west therefrom, Hab. south gate was called Asuppim, beiii. 3. cause it seems there the Levites convened to receive their directions:

TEMPEST. See STORM.

TEMPLE. The Jews sometimes and the gate Parbar was at the northcalled the tabernacle by this name, west of the temple. At the side of 1 Sam. i. 9. and iii. 3. The houses every gate, and at every corner of built for the residence of idols, were the court, houses seem to have been likewise so called; but that built at built. Into this outer court, every Jerusalem for the worship of the true clean Hebrew, or proselyte of the God is so termed by way of emi- covenant, might enter. In our Sanence. We have different descrip-viour's time, there was a court of the tions of this magnificent structure. Gentiles without this. In the midVillalpandus, a learned Jesuit, and dle of the outer court, but nearer to famed architect, has published a the west end, there was a court for splendid one in three volumes in the priests and Levites, stretching folio; but it is chiefly founded on oblongly from west to east, and was Ezekiel's visionary descriptions, and surrounded with a low wall of about his own fancy and rules of archi- four feet high, that the people might, tecture, and not on the plain reports over the top of it, see what was of scripture. Lightfoot too, and doing by the priest. This court had Prideaux, have given us laboured de- two entrances; one on the north side, scriptions; but as these are founded and another on the south. In this on Josephus's account of Herod's court, just before the east end of the form of it, and on the Talmud, temple, stood the brazen altar, 20 whose authors lived long after it was cubits long, as many broad, and 10 in ruins, we cannot depend on them high; and the brazen sea and lavers; as descriptions of Solomon's temple which brass-work was cast in the Our accounts shall be taken from the clay ground near Succoth and Zahistory of the Bible, which alone, we retan. The temple, properly so callsuppose, is to be fully credited in this ed, stood from west to east, near the matter. west end of the court of the priests, The preparations for this temple and had its sole entrance on the were immense. David and his princes east end. First, you came to a porch assigned thereto 108,000 talents of 20 cubits from north to south, and gold, 1,017,000 talents of silver, both 10 from east to west, and 120 in which together amounted to about height. This served as a steeple to

adorn it, and was a place of shelter tabernacles, this temple was furnishand of prayer to the serving priests. ed with the ark and other sacred On each side of its entrance was a utensils, and the Shechinah or cloud pillar about 18 cubits high, and 12 of divine glory entered it, to take up cubits in circumference, and adorn- its rest over the ark, between the ed with chapiters, and about 200 fi- cherubim; it was dedicated with a gures of pomegranates. The one solemn prayer by Solomon, by seven was called Jachin, stability; and days of sacred feasting, and by a the other Boaz, strength.-Passing peace-offering of 22,000 oxen, and through this porch, you enter the 120,000 sheep, to consume which, sanctuary or holy place, which was the holy fire anew came down from 40 cubits in length, 20 in breadth, heaven. The temple service conand 30 in height; at the west end of sisted in sacrifices, songs, prayers, which stood ten golden candlesticks, &c. 1 Chron. xxii. and xxvi. and on the south side, and on the north 10 xxix. 1-9. 1 Kings vii. to viii. tables, with 12 loaves of show-bread 2 Chron. iii. to vi. Did not this on each: and in the middle, between temple typify Christ's manhood, as them, stood the golden altar of in- the wonderfully prepared, the curicense. In this apartment too, were ous, pure, and glorious residence of lodged the silver trumpets, the stand- his Godhead, and through which we ards of weight and measure, and the have access to worship God? John sacred treasures. Passing through the ii. 19. Did it represent his person, sanctuary lengthwise, you entered freely set up to be our Mediator, as by a fine vail, and a two-leaved door the glorious, fixed, and lasting meau of olive-tree, into the oracle or most of our fellowship with God, and of holy place, into which only the high receiving all blessings from him? Col. priest might enter, and that only up-i. 19. and ii. 9. Did it typify the on the day of atonement. It was a gospel-church, large, glorious, and square of 20 cubits every way, and firmly founded, reared up with lively here stood the ark with its furniture; stones, or true believers, connected and Solomon made two new cheru- together by the Spirit and grace of bims of olive-tree, which oversha-Christ, and fitted to be the residence dowed the two golden ones, and of God, Father, Son, and Holy stretched their wings the whole Ghost? Eph. ii. 20-22. Did it also breadth of the house. The wall of prefigure heaven, as the glorious and the house was reared with alternate fixed residence of the Most High, rows of fine cedar-wood and hewn where he is adored by multitudes of stone, probably polished marble; angels and men, and honoured with the inside was carved with figures endless authems of praise? Psal. xi. of cherubim and palm-trees; and 4. Rev. vii. 15. The saints are the whole inside floor, wall, and temples; their souls, and even their roof, was overlaid with gold. The bodies, are, by the Spirit of Christ, oracle had no windows at all, but fitted and set apart to the service, was perpetually dark; the sanctuary and to be the residence of God, I had narrow windows, light against Cor. iii. 16. and vi. 19. 2 Cor. vi. light. If the 90 priests' chambers of 16. John saw no temple in heaven, three stories, 30 in each, were for the Lord God and the Lamb are built on the wall of the temple, the the temple thereof. In the millennial windows of the sanctuary were of period, outward pomp and ceremony course high; but if, with some, we shall be set at nought, and real felsuppose the priests' chambers built lowship with God alone be prized ; on the top of the temple, the win- and in heaven instituted ordinances dows might be low enough. About shall cease, and the full enjoyment of 11 months after the building was God be all and in all, Rev. xxi. 22. finished, and just before the feast of The Jewish temple remained but

about 34 years in its glory, when Shi- Cyrus would order the height and shak carried off its treasures, 1 Kings breadth, and not the length. Or perxiv. 25. Under Jehoram, Ahaziah, haps, though Solomon's temple was and Athaliah, it was much decayed; but 20 cubits from side to side with but Jehoiada and Joash repaired it in, yet the breadth of the walls, about A. M. 3150. Soon after, Joash and priest's chambers added thereto, robbed it of its treasures, to give might make it 60 cubits. This se them to Hazael king of Syria, 2 cond temple, built under the direc Kings xii. 2 Chron. xxiv. To pro- tion of Zerubbabel and Joshua the cure the assistance of Tiglath-pileser high priest, wanted, as the Jews say, the Assyrian, Ahaz complimented five things which were the chief him with the treasures of the temple. glory of the former, viz. the ark and He removed the brazen altar, and its furniture, the Shechinah, or cloud put his idolatrous one in its place. of the divine presence, the holy fire, He removed the brazen sea from off the Urim and Thummim, and the the oxen, and the brazen lavers from spirit of prophecy: but the want of off their pedestals or supporters, and these could hardly be the reason of placed them on the ground. He also the old men's mourning when they broke many of the sacred vessels, and saw the foundation of it laid but shut up the temple, 2 Chron. xxviii. the true reason seems to be, the im2 Kings xvi. Hezekiah repaired it, probability that it, when founded by and made such vessels for it as it a few poor tributaries, would ever wanted; but in the 14th year of his attain to the glory of the former, reign, he was induced to rob it of reared by the wisest and richest of much of its wealth, to give it to kings, Ezra i. and iii. and vi. About Sennacherib, 2 Chron. xxix. 2 Kings A. M. 3837, Antiochus profaned it, xviii. Manasseh reared altars to the stopped the daily sacrifice, and erecthost of heaven in the sacred courts, ed the image of Jupiter his chief but afterwards restored the true wor-idol on the altar of burnt-offering; ship of God. Josiah, his grandson, but, about three years after, Judas further purged the temple, and re- Maccabeus purified and repaired it, placed the ark of God therein, 2 and restored the true worship of God. Kings xxi. and xxii. 2 Chron. xxxiii. To gain the affection of the Jews, and xxxv. About A. M. 3398, Ne- and humour his own pride, Herod buchadnezzar carried part of the sa- the Great, about A. M. 3987, becred vessels to Babylon, and about gan to build it anew. In about nine seven years after he carried others: years he finished the principal parts and at last, in 3416, entirely burnt of it: but 46 years after, when our and demolished the temple, Ezek. Saviour had begun his public minisvii. 20-22. and xxiv. 21. Jer. lii. try, it was not quite finished: nay, 13.

About A. M. 3469, amidst the till the beginning of their ruinous joy of some, and mourning of others, wars, they still added to its buildit, by Cyrus's order, began to be re-ings. Josephus describes this tembuilt; and notwithstanding much ple as follows: It was built on a hindrance, was finished in about 20 very hard rock, wherein the foundayears, and solemnly dedicated to the tions were laid with incredible exservice of God. According to the pense. The temple itself was 60 Persian king's decree, its height was cubits high, and as many broad. But 60 cubits, and its breadth 60: per- in the front Herod added two wings haps the porch might be only al- or shoulders, each of which projecting lowed to be 60 cubits high, which 20 cubits, made the whole length of was but the half of the height of the front 100 cubits, and the breadth that erected by Solomon. Or what as many: and the gate was 70 cubits we render breadth may signify the bigh, and 20 broad, but without length, as it is scarcely probable any doors. The stones were white VOL. II. 3 T

marble, 25 cubits in length, 12 in gate were two large square chamheight, and 9 in breadth, all polish-bers, 30 cubits wide, and 40 high, ed, and unspeakably beautiful. In-supported by pillars of 12 cubits in stead of doors, the gate was closed circumference. On the inside, exwith vails flowered with gold, sil- cept on the west side, there was a ver, purple, and every thing rich and double flight of galleries, supported curious. At each side of the gate by a double row of pillars. The were two stately pillars, from whence gates were 30 cubits high, and 15 hung golden festoons, and vines with broad. The women, it seems, bad leaves and clusters of grapes, curi- their separate court, and entered by ously wrought.-The whole inclo- the east gate, which was overlaid sure was about a furlong square, sur- with Corinthian brass. Within this rounded with a high wall of large third enclosure, the court of the stones, some of them above 40 cu-priests was separated from that of bits long, and all fastened to one the people by a low wall. Here another with lead or iron. Where the stood the altar of burnt-offering, wall was raised from the bottom of which was of hewn stone, 40 cubits the adjacent valley, its height was broad, and 15 in height; and the about 300 or 400 cubits. On the lavers, and the temple properly so inside of this high wall, round about called. The wall of the temple and were erected three fine galleries; its roof being covered with gold on the narrowest about 30 feet wide, the outside, made a glorious appearand 50 in height; but the largest, ance in a sunny day. Herod solemnly which was between the other two, dedicated his new temple. It had not was 45 feet wide, and 100 feet stood much above 70 years, when the high. These galleries were support-Jews made a fort of it in their ruined by 162 pillars of marble, each ous war. After it had been polluted about 27 feet in circumference. The with murder, and every other wickwall of this inclosure had four gates edness, it was, to the extreme grief towards the west, and one towards of Titus the Roman prince, burat to each of the other three quarters. the ground. To give the lie to our Solomon's porch was at the east gate Saviour, who had said, one stone of of the temple, called Beautiful, Acts it should not be left above another, iii. 2, 11. The piazzas and court Julian the Roman emperor, in conwere paved with marble. Within this currence with the Jews, twice atinclosure, and near to the galleries, tempted to rebuild it, about A. D. was a second, surrounded with a 390. Earthquakes and flames of fire flight of beautiful marble rails, and dispersed their materials, and killed with stately columns at proper disa vast number of the workmen. At tances, inscribed with mottos, pro- present there is a mock temple on hibiting the Gentiles and unclean the south-east of Jerusalem, whose Jews to proceed any further. This court is 570 paces long, and 370 inclosure had one gate on the east broad. In the middle, where it is side, three on the south, and as many supposed the Holy of Holies stood, on the north, placed at equal dis- there is a Mahometan mosque. To tances. Within this, a third inclosure surrounded the temple and altar of burnt-offering. Its wall had a flight of 14 steps on the outside, which hid a considerable part of it; and on the top, quite round it, had a terrace of 12 feet broad. This inclosure had one gate on the east, four on the south, and as many on the north, at equal distances. At the inside of each

this the Mahometans pay great veneration; but no Jew or Christian dare enter this court, under pain of death, or of redeeming his life by becoming a Mahometan.

The Heathens had femples for their idols. That of Belus at Babylon, of Diana at Ephesus, and of Jupiter in the Capitol at Rome, and that of Seraphis at Alexandria, were the

sians, &c. would build none, as God is omnipresent.

TEMPORAL, belonging to time, 2 Cor. iv. 18.

most famous; but the ancient Per- and opportunities, Luke xix. 13: Matt. xxv. 28. but ten days of tribulation, denote a short space; or perhaps here is an allusion to the ten years' persecution of Dioclesian, Rev. TEMPT, (1.) To try, so God ii. 10. See HORNS, CROWNS, TOES, tempts men when he puts them on hard TITHES. A tenth part may signify duties, to discover their grace, their one kingdom, or a considerable part faith, love, and obedience, Gen. xxii. of the Popish territory, Rev. xi. 13. 1. Men tempt God, when they un-but in Isa. vi. 13. a tenth, or tenth seasonably and irreverently require part, may denote a few persons con. proofs of his presence, power, and secrated to the service of God. goodness; when they expose them- To TEND, to work towards, selves to danger, from which they Prov. x. 16. cannot escape without the miraculous TENDER, (1.) Weak and feeble, interposition of his providence; and Gen. xxxiii. 13. (2.) Nice and deliwhen they sin with such boldness as cate, Deut. xxviii. 56. (3.) Young if they wanted to try whether God and carefully educated, Prov. iv. 3. could or would know and punish (4.) Of a compassionate, kind, and them, Exod. xvii. 2. Matt. iv. 7. forgiving temper, Eph. iv. 32. God's Mal. iii. 15. Acts v. 9. The Jews mercy is said to be tender, to import tempted Christ, by endeavouring to that it is infinitely kind and affecprovoke or ensnare him, Matt. xvi. tionate, Psal. xxv. 6. A tender heart, 1. and xxii. 16. (2.) To entice to is one which is easily affected with sin; so Satan and his agents tempt God's law or providence, and cannot men, and on that account he is called endure what is sinful, 2 Chron. xxxiv. the templer, 1 Cor. vii. 5. 1 Thess. 27. Happy are those young persons iii. 5. and so God tempts no man, who, like Josiah, evidence a tender nor is he effectually tempted of any, heart, and early covenant with the Jam. i. 13. The Hebrew martyrs Lord to be his servants. were tempted, were tortured or burnt, TENT. See TABERNACLE. Heb. xi. 37. TEMPTATION is, (1.)||TERAH, smelling, breathing, driThe enticement of a person to sin, ving away, the son of Nahor, and fa and the means thereof; this men are ther of Haran, Nahor, and Abraham, to watch and pray against, Matt. was born A. M. 1878; and at the xxvi. 41. God leads men into temp-130th year of his life had Abram born tation, when he withholds his provi- to him. He and his family were idol dential restraints; when he gives aters; but we hope God's call of them up to Satan and their own lusts, Abraham was blessed to the converor to their wicked neighbours, to be sion of divers of them. It is cerenticed to sin; or when such ocea tain that Terah went with Abraham sions are laid before them as they to Haran, and died there, Gen. xi. will improve to perpetrate their wick-] 24 to 32, Josh. xxiv. 2, 14. edness, Matt. vi. 12. (2.) Trials, sore TERAPHIM, images, forms, affictions, persecutions, Jam. i. 2, 12. Luke viii. 13. and xxii. 28. God's miracles of mercy and judgment, whereby he tried the Hebrews and Egyptians' obedience to his will, are called temptations, Deut. iv. 34. and vii. 19.

idols, a certain kind of images used by the ancients. Some think they were talismans, or figures of metal, formed under a particular aspect of the planets; and to which they ascribed the preservation of the family from evil, and their enjoyment of happiness. TEN, is a number of perfection; To such the eastern nations have and ten times, is often, Gen. xxxi. 7. for many ages been exceedingly adNumb. xiv. 12. Job xix. 3. Ten dicted; and the Persians call them pounds or talents, denote many gifts telephin, which is much the same as