De juris universi ratione. Auctore LEONARDO SCHNET- This little volume may in some respect be looked upon as a compendium of universal practical philosophy, and is divided into two parts, treating in several chapters of honor and disgrace, virtue and vice, the social duties, &c. &c. The language is correct, but in many instances rather heavy. Jo. ST. PUTTERI Tabulæ juris publici Synoptice, edito secunda. Göttinge, sumptibus Vandenhoek et Ruprecht, 1788, fol. The great utility of these tables is generally acknowledged in Germany; and we can confidently recommend them as an excellent performance to those that are desirous of forming a general and systematic notion of the German public law. Betrachtung bei dem Entwurf eines criminal gesetzbuches, &c. Reflections occasioned by the delineation of a new criminal code for the Prussian monarchy. A treatise to which the prize was adjudged by the royal academy of sciences at Berlin. By H. E. von GLOBIG, Dresden and Leipzig, I. G. E. BREITKOPF, 1788, pp. 63, 8vo. The first general principle, laid down by the learned au thor, is, that we must judge of the value of a new legislation for a state which is already completely formed and has a long established constitution chiefly shaped by accident, its customs and national character, by the degree of its approximation towards a certain hypothetical practicability, rendered feasible by the various existing defects as well as the customs and regulations already established.---Our limits do not permit us to follow the learned author in the judicious observations which he, in consequence of this incontestible principle, makes with respect to criminal laws to be framed for any modern European state, but more especially to those that would be most proper for Prussia. But we cannot omit observing that his inquisitions distinguish themselves by an unbiassed and keensighted spirit of observation, a profound penetration into the nature of man and civil relations, a conspicuous clearness of conception, and solidity of arguments. The following observation will afford our readers an idea of VOL. II. the the author's stile; "The world seems not yet ripe enough ;-"or rather the few European nations who as yet are not pregnant with the germ of moral and political dissolution, "are not yet sufficiently advanced in refinement, to permit "the introduction of the mildest criminal code amongst a "nation whose manners and constitution are already deeply "rooted. There is an essential difference between framing "laws and a constitution for a new state, and new moulding "established laws and customs. The latter can only be "brought about gradually, and every sudden change, how"ever excellent it be, causes a pernicious percussion in the "whole political body. Goverments must by a good politi"cal diet prepare subjects already spoiled, for such a step, "and above all things endeavour to prevent those crimes "that arise from a violent conflict between their natural "wants and the restraint of civil life." Neue Josephinische peinliche Gerichtsordnung, &c. The new Josephinian criminal code. Prague and Vienna, 1788, PP. 212, 8vo. The new criminal code promulged by the great emperor Joseph II. affords a pleasing proof that the labours of the learned in the field of criminal legislation are not mere speculations, but sometimes produce the most salutary impressions on the mind of generous rulers, and are converted into blessings for thousands. A few extracts from this Josephinian code will be sufficient to characterize the spirit that prevails in it, and to excite in our readers a desire to read the whole of it. Sect. I. Of the cognizance to be taken by the police of the perpetration of criminal acts, as well as of the discovery and apprehension of criminals. Prosecutions against criminals are always to be instituted by the magistrates of their own accord, as soon as the perpetration of any criminal transaction comes to their knowledge; every subject, a few individuals excepted, are bound to give information of every capital crime known to them, but more especially of treason; the magistrates are not to prosecute any one upon anonymous information, but in cases of this kind only shall be intitled to make secret and cautious enquiries. Every magistrate is bound to give immediate notice to the criminal tribunal of every crime and criminal known to him, to cause the criminal to be taken up and delivered over to the attorney general. In order to facilitate the discovery of criminal transactions and the perpetrators thereof, the magistrates are authorized to institute domicilary visitations, but are enjoined, to act, on these occasions, with caution and becoming moderation; to make their searches in the presence of the master of the house, and upon the discovery of manifest signs of the perpetration of a criminal act, cause all hidden recesses to be opened to them, &c. &c. Sect. III. Of summary examinations. The magistrates are bound to institute a summary examination, immediately after the apprehension of a criminal, whether in the day or at night. No artificies, promises, nor menaces are suffered to be had recourse to, in order to prevail upon the accused to retract a declaration which he has made. Sect. V. Of prisons. Excellent regulations with respect to the treatment of imprisoned criminals, and the prevention of escape. The gaoler must keep a faithful journal of every thing that passes in the prison, and the criminal judges are bound to institute frequent and unexpected visitations in the prisons that are subject to their jurisdiction. Sect. VII. Of the examination of accused persons. Every accused person must be examined at latest on the third day after his commitment, &c. &c. IV. MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Abhandlungen über die venerische Krankheit, &c. Tracts on the venereal disease. By C. GIRTANNER, M. et Ch. Dr. three volumes, Svo. Göttingen, Dietrich, 1788-- 89. The first volume of this excellent work contains a very elaborate history of the venereal disease, and the second and third the literature of the lues venerea, which will prove an everlasting memorial of the author's erudition, whose premature death will be deeply regretted by all lovers of the science to which he was a most distinguished ornament. As an English translation of this classical work is in great forwardness, we refrain from making any additional comments upon its merits. DR. I. C. C DEHNE, Versuch einer vollständigen Abhandlung von dem Maywurme, &c. &c. An essay of a complete dissertation upon the Meloe Proscarabeus, and its use in canine madness and hydrophobia. Together with observations upon the nature of this disease, its contagious nature and treatment, Sc. &c. By Dr. I. C. C. DEHNE, in two vols. pp. 942, Leipzig, Weygand, 1788. Dr. Dr. Dehne has, with incredible diligence, collected in these volumes every observation made by the ancients and moderns. relative to the use of the melve proscarabeus in canine madHe also occasionally treats of the cantharides, so nearly related to the meloe, and likewise recommended against this dreadful disease; but does not think them so safe as the melos, Chap. 1. treats of the name and age, and ch. II. of the natural history of this insect. Ch. III. gives an account of the results of chemical experiments made with the meloe. Ch. IV. which treats of the use made of this insect in ancient and modern times, and of the various diseases among men and beasts, is more learned than useful. Ch. V. enumerates the species of this insect that are fit for use. In Ch. VI. Dr. Dehne displays his vast erudition in pointing out various other insects against the effects of the bite of mad animals, particularly on the use made of cantharides, enumerating a long and interesting list of remarkable cases, recorded by various authors. Ch. VII. of the effects of the meloe and the cantharides. Ch. VIII. treats of the quantity in which this remedy is to be administered in different eases. IX. of the use of the meloe in other diseases. In the first chapter of the second volume, the utility of the meloe against the consequences of the bite of mad dogs is proved by a numerous train of facts and quotations from various authors, which occupy more than 100 pages. Ch. H. of canine madness and hydrophobia, their origin and propagation, as well as of the nature of the froth of mad animals. In this chapter the causes of the hydrophobia spontanca are collected with great diligence., Men and animals not infected with canine madness can cause hydrophobia by biting when furious, &c. &c. Ch. III. Of the prevention of canine madness and hydrophobia. Ch. IV. contains a description of the symptoms that are perceived after the first appearance of madness till hydrophobia takes place. Ch. V. treats of the most proper application of the meloe, in order to prevent madness and hydrophobia. Ch. V1. The author's own experience of the efficacy of the meloe.We do not recollect to have read for a long time a more learned work than this, which is a real repository of most useful knowledge, but, at the same time, uncommonly tedious. It is totally destitute of logic order, which occasions numerous repetitions, and the stile is extremely tedious, and frequently rendered obscure by long parenthetical passages. Dr. Dr. A. F. LOFLER'S der Arzneygelahrtheit und Wundarz neikunt Dr. &c. &c. Betrüge, &c. &c.---Surgical contributions. By A. F. LOFLER, Dr. in medicine and surgery, and assessor of the medical college at St. Petersburg, &c. Vol. I. Altona, 1788, Kave & Co. The observations contained in this volume are excellent, and reflect great hononr upon the author. He proves that he is intimately acquainted with the best medical and surgical works, and has been a diligent and judicious observer. Practisches Handbuch der medicinischen Galanteriekrankheiten, &c. &c.---A practical Manual of the Venereal Disease, for the use of physicians and surgeons, together with the necessary prescriptions. By D. J. V. MULLER. Marburg, 1788. pp. 330. A very useful work that deserves being recommended to all physicians and surgeons. Commentatio chirurgica, in qua novum humerum ex articulo extirpandi methodum nezumque ad ligaturam polyporum instrumentum proponit. L. W. HASELBERG, Med. et Chir. Dr. Grypha, litteris A. P. Rose, 1788. Svo. The operation known to earlier surgeons, and revived by Desault, is briefly and distinctly described by the author in the first part of this well written tract. He then examines the methods recommended and practised by White, le Dran Garengeot, Sharp, Heister, de la Fay, Poyet and Bromfield; and concludes with a description of his own, which appears better, less painful, and casier. Abhandlung von den vornehmsten und gemeinstein innerlichen und äusserlichen Krankheiten, Sc. Sc.---d Disser◄ tation upon the principal and most frequent external and internal diseases. For the use of young physicians and surgeons, &c. Sc. By J. F. DE HERRENSCHWAND. Bern, by Seizer, 1788. pp. 707. Although this work be no masterly composition, and much inferior to that of the celebrated Tissot; yet it may prove of essential benefit to that class of readers for whom it |