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the most rapid communication with all parts of Great Britain. Leeds has eight churches, numerous Dissenting chapels, a free-grammar school, a national school, a philosophical and literary society, a mechanics' institute, a theatre, and various charitable institutions. Leeds was the native-place of Dr Hartley, author of "Observations on Man," Wilson, the painter, and Smeaton, the celebrated engineer. Dr Priestley, the distinguished philosopher, officiated for several years as the minister of the Unitarian chapel here. Leeds gives the title of Duke to the family of Osborne, which sprung from this town. Two M. P. Pop. of town and liberty, 152,054.

About three miles from Leeds are the ruins of Kirkstall Abbey, picturesquely situated in a vale watered by the Aire. This abbey was founded in 1157 by Henry de Lacy for monks of the Cistertian order.

XCVI. YORK RAILWAY, 233 Miles in length.

This Railway, which was commenced and opened at the same time as the North Midlands, joins it at the Altofts Station on that line.

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YORK is a very ancient city, and is said to have been founded 983 years B. C. Little is known of its history till A. D. 150, when it was one of the greatest Roman stations in the province, having an imperial palace, a tribunal, and a regu

lar government within its walls. The Emperor Severus lived in the palace three years, and died there. He was succeeded by his sons Caracalla and Geta, the former of whom murdered the latter in York, and returned to Rome. About a century after, Carausius landed in Britain, and was proclaimed emperor at York. Constantine the Great was born in this city in 272, and his father Constantius died there in 307. York has had a conspicuous share in all the national troubles, especially in the civil wars of Charles I. The walls, gates, and posterns are still to a considerable degree remaining. The walls, which are three miles in circumference, have a delightful promenade on the top of them, which commands a beautiful prospect of the surrounding country. The cathedral is the finest Gothic building of the kind in Europe. It was first founded in 626 by Edwin, the Saxon King of Northumberland, and through succeeding ages has been enlarged, repaired, and improved with great taste. It suffered severely from fire in 1829, and again in 1840. From the time of Paulinus, the first archbishop, who was appointed in 625, up to the present moment, there have been no fewer than eighty-five archbishops of York. Besides the cathedral, there are twenty-one parish churches within the walls, and three in the suburbs. The other objects of public interest are the city walls, the castle originally built by William I. and now used as a gaol; the ruins of Clifford's Tower, said to have been raised by the Romans; the ruins of St Mary's Abbey ; the Yorkshire Museum and Gardens; the Assembly Rooms; the public cemetery, &c. The charitable institutions of the city are numerous. It contains eleven Dissenting chapels, one Catholic chapel, and a nunnery. York carries on a considerable river trade, and has some traffic in gloves, linens, glass, and drugs, as well as in printing and bookselling, and it derives great advantage from the influx of visitors to the assizes and the races. The learned Alcuin was a native of York, as also Flaxman and Etty the academicians. York gives the title of Duke to the second son of the sovereign. Two M. P. Pop. of city, 28,842.

XCVII. LEEDS AND SELBY RAILWAY, 20 Miles in length.

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SELBY is a flourishing town near the banks of the Ouse, by means of which and of vessels, it carries on a considerable trade. In this town there are the re

mains of an abbey, founded by William I., whose son Henry I. was born here. There is a curiously constructed timber bridge over the Ouse.

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HULL, or Kingston-upon-Hull, situated at the mouth of the river Hull, where it enters the Humber, is one of the principal sea-ports in the united kingdom. Its distance from London is 174 miles by way of Lincoln, and 236 miles by way of York. It was anciently called Wyke or Wyke-upon-Hull, but its name was changed to Kingston-upon-Hull by Edward I., who prevailed on the Abbot of Meaux, who was lord of the manor, to sell him the lordship of Myton, with the town of Wyke. He afterwards made it a royal borough. The town was regularly fortified in the reign of Edward II. During the civil war it was held for the parliament, and was twice besieged by the Royalists but without sucThe old part of the town, with the exception of the fine market-place, in which there is a handsome equestrian statue of William III., is ill built, with narrow streets, but that portion near the Docks consists of handsome streets and houses. Hull is admirably situated for trade, being at the mouth of the great rivers Number, Hull, Ouse, and Trent. It has three docks and a harbour, which are capable of yielding accommodation for upwards of 300 vessels. The Docks occupy the forts of the ancient fortifications, and thus surround the old town, with water from the Hull to the Humber. Hull has, within these few years, become a pincipal steam-packet station, and has various steamers, which sail at regular intervalscor Hamburgh, Rotterdam, London, Leith, Aberdeen, Berwick, Newcastle, and Yamouth. It employs a number of vessels in the whale-fishery, and carries on an exterive traffic in coals, oil, corn, and timber. It has also a considerable foreign trade the Baltic, the southern parts of Europe, the

West Indies, and America. The building and equipment of ships is an important branch of industry. The amount of duties paid at the custom-house is next in value after London, Liverpool, and Bristol. Of places of worship, including those of every sect, there are upwards of thirty in Hull. The most important is the church of the Holy Trinity, which is said to be one of the largest edifices of the kind in the kingdom. Hull contains numerous educational establishments, the principal of which are, Hull College, Kingston College, a free grammar school, founded by Bishop Alcock in 1486, in which Andrew Marvell, Bishop Watson, and William Wilberforce, received a part of their education. It has also a number of charitable institutions, a large and well-selected subscription library, a good museum, a theatre, &c. The ancient gates of the town still remain. On the sea-side the approach is defended by batteries, and on the east side of the river Hull, is the citadel, facing which there is a battery. The late Mr Wilberforce was a native of Hull, and a column to the memory of that excellent man was erected August 1, 1834. Two M. P. Pop. 61,807. Hornsea is the bathing-place of Hull.

XCIX. LONDON TO KENDAL THROUGH BEDFORD, NOTTINGHAM, HUDDERSFIELD, HALIFAX, AND KIRKBY LONSDALE,

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