Fuegians, amongst the lowest barbarians, 38

Gladstone's (Mr.) Whitby speech as the cham-
pion of the poor against the rich, 304
Gothic architecture, its emotional expression, 81
Greek education, staple of ancient, 80
Greene and his contemporary dramatists, prede-
cessors of Shakspeare, 9

Grote (George), tribute to his memory, 189
Guicciardini's personal and political records, 220;
the family possessed the feline faculty of always
falling on their feet, 222; his civil and political
youa, 225; his embassy to King Ferdinand
of Arragon, 225, 226; a foe to popular as well
as to priestly and monarchical tyranny, 227;
his insight into weaknesses and vices, ib. ; po-
litical maxims, 228; maxims illustrating his
Machiavellism, 229; comparison between him
and Machiavelli, 230; shelved as a statesman,
becomes the historian, 231; his imaginary
conversations, ib.; his great work the famous
(and tedious) Istoria d'Italia,' 232

Hall (Dr.), Shakspeare's son-in-law, 14
Handel, according to Beethoven the greatest
musician in the world, 87

Handwriting of distinguished men, 110, 111
Hardinge's (Mrs. Emma) spiritualistic new Ten
Commandments, 164

Hare (Dr.), the American physicist, on spirit
manifestations, 175; his apparatus for freeing
spirits from the control of any medium, 180
Hearing (acute) of cats and other animals, 78
Heber's (Bishop) edition of Jeremy Taylor's
works, 60

Herschel (Sir John), tribute to his memory, 188
Home, the Spiritualist, receives a gift of sixty
thousand pounds, 174; his precise experi-
mental proof of the immortality of the soul,
181; claim to the power of altering the weight
of bodies, 184; his performance with an accor-
dion, 185

Hops, 208, 212

Houdin's (Robert, the celebrated prestidigitateur)
autobiography, 165; his mode of preparing
himself and his son for their exhibitions, 178
Huggins's (Dr.) testimony as to the manifesta-
tions of Psychic Force, 182; his unsurpassed
ability as a spectroscopic observer, ib.
Hugo's (Victor) Marion Delorme,' 117
Hullah's operas and songs and musical exercises
and studies, 89; history of modern music and
lectures, 77

Hussites and Catholics, their contest one between
two races for supremacy in Bohemia, 57

Instinct, essence of an, 43
International, insurgent apparition of the, 138;
International labour-congresses, 139; semi-
socialist proposals of the Government, 306
Italy in the sixteenth century, 220

James I. not the fool that history represents him
to have been, 11

Jowett's (Professor) dialogues of Plato, 261; the
subtlety and simplicity of his analysis renders
him a consummate interpreter, 273
Jullien's promenade concerts, 90; madness and
suicide, ib.

Keats' snuffed out by an article,' 199
Lamartine's extravagant account of the battle
of Waterloo, 105; and of Trafalgar, ib.

to co-operative societies, 139

Laveleye (M.) on English and Irish landlords,
135

Le Play's (M.) Les Ouvriers Européens,' 93
Leclaire's (M.) principle of giving a share of
profits to his work people, 139

Leslie's (T. E. Cliffe, LL.B.) land systems and in-
dustrial economy, 121.

Laycock (Dr.) on the reflex action of the brain,
165, 166

Levi's (Professor Leone) Report on the Liquor
trades, 208

Lindsay's (Lord) testimony for Spiritualism, 179;
personally witnessing Mr. Home's floating in
the air from one room to another through the
windows, 180

Lock-outs and strikes, 131
Longe's (F. D.) refutation of Mill's wage-fund
theory, 124

Lucy's (Sir Thomas) prosecution of Shakspeare
for deer-stealing, 4; his family, 5; powerful at
the Court of the Tudors, ib.

Mesmer and his followers, 161
Mill's (J. S.) programme of the Land Tenure Re-
form Association, 121; dictum that
'the
labourers need only capital not capitalists,'
122; Japanese etiquette in the happy despatch
of the wage-fund, 124

Molière's avowal of plagiarism, Je prends mon
bien ou je le trouve, 102

Monkeys having a strong taste for tea, coffee,
and spirituous liquors, and for smoking tobac-
co, 34
Monopolies, industrial, 243; undertakings which
competition cannot regulate, ib.; undertakings
which tend to become monopolies, 244; ques-
tion whether they should be conducted by
private enterprise or Government manage-
ment, ib.; discussed by Mr. Mill, 244, 245;
French view of monopolies, 245; summary of
arguments in favour of Government manage-
ment, 246; application of those views to har-
bours and natural navigations, 247; to canals
and docks, ib.; to lighthouses, roads, 248;
bridges and ferries, railways, ib.; failure of
competition in railways, 249; Irish railways
an example of the evils of competition, ib.;
impotence of the Legislature in limitation of
profits, 250; and for continuous traffic, 251;
objections to purchase of railways by the
Government, ib.; tramways, 251, 252; gas-
works, 253; water supply, 254; Post Office,
255; telegraphs, ib. ; suggestions for improve-
ments, 256-258; patronage and jobbing in the
management of public works, 258, 259
Music, origin of vocal and instrumental, 77;
immense antiquity of wind instruments, ib.;
pre-historic flute, ib.; what constitutes pitch,
78; the limits of musical sound about six oc-
taves, ib.; what constitutes intensity of musi-
cal sounds, ib. ; quality or timbre, ib. ; mode of
determining the form of the vibrations of dif
ferent instruments, 79; differently formed
waves of sound transmitting a different stroke

and quality of sound to the ear, ib. ; difference
between noise and musical sound explained by
M. Beauquier, ib.; three fundamental harmo-
nics of a note, ib.; modern music the supreme
art-medium of emotion, 81; peculiarities of
music for the generation and expression of
emotion, 82; power of music in controlling
and disciplining emotion, 82, 83; difference in
the morale of Italian and German music, 83;
moral and emotional functions of music, ib.;
Greek and Hebrew music, 83, 84; art of des-
cant, 84; development of modern music, ib. ;
first and greatest discovery, ib.; the perfect
cadence, ib.; Carissimi the very type of the
transition period, 84, 85; modern music a new
art with recently discovered principles, 85;
how far England is, or has been, a musical
country, ib.; John Dunstable, in 1400, repre-
sents a great musical force in this country, ib.;
English Church music, ib.; the famous song
'Sumer is a cumen in,' ib.; foreign origin of
all the forms of modern music, 85, 86; English
madrigals, 86; Anglo-French school of Pel-
ham Humphrey and Purcell, ib.; Purcell to
be ranked with Mozart, ib.; Handel (accord-
ing to Beethoven) the greatest musician who
ever lived, 88; Rossini, Weber, 88'; Mendels-
sohn, ib.; influence of John Hullah on music
in England, 89; Curwen's Tonic Sol-fa system,
ib.; tonal difference between the Hullah and
Sol-fa methods, ib.; Henry Leslie's choir, 90;
three proposals respecting musical education,
91; the consolations of music, 92

Navy, mismanagement of the, 232; loss of the
'Captain,' 233; Mr. Reed's report to Mr. Chil-
ders that it was utterly unsafe, 234; defects in
the ship, and warnings, 234, 235; description
of its loss with 500 men, 235; proceedings of
the Flying Squadron, 237; the Megæra,' 238;
loss of the ship, ib. ; sacrifice of ships balanced
with the supposed economy of the Adminis-
tration, 238, 239; grounding of the
court,' 240; necessity of not dispensing with
navigating officers, 241; their duties, ib.; gun-
boats, 242; premature compulsory retirement
of experienced officers, ib.; the command of
the Channel Fleet, ib.

Agin-

Neil's Shakespere,' a critical biography, 1
Nervous system, six kinds of action to which it
ministers, 36

Odger's International Association for the emanci-
pation of the working class, 293

Ouvry (Col.) on the agricultural community of
the Middle Ages, 93

Operative associations for productive purposes,
causes of their failure in France, 133; Co-opera-
tive Society of Paris Masons, 134

Paris workmen (the) rebel successively against
every form of government, 296; the dethrone-
ment of Paris, 299

Pea-fowl, Sir R. Heron on the habits of, 31
Peasant proprietorship, shipwreck of enthusiasts
of, 137

Plagiarism in modern literature, shades and de-
grees of, 102; exemplified from Sheridan,
Byron, Scott, Balzac, Lamartine, Sterne, Broug-
ham, ib.

Plato's Dialogues,' by Professor Jowett, 259;
two leading aims of Platonic translation, 260;
the three cardinal points of Platonic chrono
logy, 262; how Plato wrought the teaching of
Socrates and his predecessors into a single
fabric, 264; the doctrine of reminiscence, ib.

the Republic' the greatest monument of
Plato's genius, ib.; his pervading fallacy of
confusing the method of science with science
itself, 265; two characteristic weaknesses of an-
cient speculation, 267; Plato's view of the
office of mythology, 268; distinguishes four
kinds of madness, 269; the relation of justice
to happiness, 270, 271; confusion of ethics and
politics, 271; the Megarians and Eleatics, 273;
Plato's Laws' sums up the highest religious
thoughts of heathenism, 274; historical view
of his Dialogues, 275

Poles, their policy in Austria, 56
Purcell's originality and fertility in music, 86
Pythagorean discovery of the harmonic ratios,
266

Reformation (The), powerful in developing indi-
vidual character, 3

Robinson's (Sir Spencer) dismissal as Controller
of the Navy, 236

Rochdale Co-operative Manufacturing Society,
and Paris Working Societies, 133
Rogers's (Thorold) new edition of the 'Wealth
of Nations,' 125

Rosse (the late Earl of) on the relation of Land
lord and Tenant in Ireland, 127; anecdote
respecting his detection of conjurors' tricks,
184

Rossini's greatness as a musician, 88
Russell (Mr. Odo) at Versailles, the Prime Minis
ter's unparelleled disavowal of, 285

Salmon, combats of male, 30
School Boards a supplemental and remedial mea-
sure, 141; the London School Board, ib. See
Education.

Scott's (Sir W.) rate of composition, 101
Shakspeare allied by his mother's side to gentle
blood, 1; prosecuted for deer-stealing by Sir
Thomas Lucy, 4; his poetical vengeance on
the Lucys, 5; his times favourable to dramatic
poetry, 7; Meres's criticism on him, 9; Shak-
speare compared to Greene, Peele, Marlowe,
and Ben Jonson, ib.; the poems of Venus
and Adonis' and 'Lucrece,' ib.; his genius,
knowledge of his art, energy and imagination,
ib.; Chettle's testimony to his genius and in-
tegrity, 10; rapid progress to wealth and fame,
11; daughters, ib.; contradiction of his sup-
posed intemperance, ib.; editions of his plays
and poems in circulation before his death, 12:
collected edition of his dramatic works pub
lished by Heminge and Condell in 1623, ib. ;
Shakspeare not indifferent to literary fame,
13; particulars of his family, 14; did not put
forth all his strength until the close of the 16th
century, 16; characteristics of his later com-
positions, 17; sources of his plots, ib.; com.
pared with Lord Bacon, ib. ; a sincere and pro-
found religious element permeant through his
writings, 18; his nuditas animi,' 19; flexi-
bility in the style, structure, and colour of his
language, 20; wit and pathos, 21; his songs
unapproachable, 22; the representative Eng-
lishman of the sixteenth century, 23; his
poetry that of action and passion, rather than
of reflection, ib.; prominence of his female
characters, 24; his women compared with
Spenser's, ib.; one omission in the great
dramatist, 25

Sidney's (Sir Philip) character and death, 23
Smith's (Sydney) answer to an inquiry about his
grandfather, 104

Smollett's advice on the treatment of the sick
sailor, 241

Socrates' teaching, moral and political, not re-
lating to nature and the universe, 263; his
doctrine that knowledge is the apprehension
of the universal, 264

Somerset's (Duke of) sarcasm on the state of the
army and navy, 239
Spectrum-analysis, its application to the study of
the component elements of the sun, 182
Spenser's long residence in Ireland, 1
Spiritualism: the Spiritualists, a great and in-
creasing sect in the United States and Eng-
land, 161; directions given to family circles
for communicating with spirits by table rap-
ping and tilting, 162, 163; gifts possessed by
mediums, 163; writing and drawing mediums,
ib.; mode of using the planchette, ib.; medi-
cal and trance mediums, 163, 164; spiritual
investigations by direct action on material
bodies, inanimate as well as animate, 164;
living men and women caught up from the
ground and borne aloft in the air, ib.; Satanic
agency in table-turning, 167; practical trial
of fallacy in the use of the planchette, 168;
unconscious cerebration and latent thought,
169, 170; anecdotes illustrating cerebral ac-
tivity, 170, 171; Satanic answer of a table
that Christ was in hell, 172; Mr. Dibdin and
the Spiritualists equally wrong and equally
right each right in disbelieving the other's
doctrine, and each wrong in maintaining his
own, ib.; cures by faith in the efficacy of the
treatment, 173; death produced by the ter-
rorism of Obeah practices, 174; examples of
injurious influence exercised by spiritualistic
communications, ib.; a clergyman burning a
table for lending itself to the dictation of Sa-
tan, 175; men of science converted to spiritu-
alistic views, ib.; Mr. Crookes's paper in the
'Spiritualist,' ib.; results experienced by the
reviewer as to the fallacy of spiritualism, 175,
176; Mr. Foster, the American medium, and
his manifestations, 177; description of the re-
viewer's mode of testing him, ib.; transport
of persons by invisible agency from one house
to another, 186; levitation of the human body,
and other feats of Spiritualism, 187; gullibility
of the average public, ib.; Chevreul's treatise
on the Baguette Divinatoire, 188
Stallions and mares, 30, 31

Swallows, migration of, 44
Stirling's Recess Studies,' 129

phy, 68, 69; foundation of his ethical edifice,
69; Liberty of Prophesying,' his most origi-
nal and characteristic work, ib.; has two ends
in view, ib.; his view of civil government, 70;
community of spirit between him and Milton,
although opponents on the question of Prelacy,
71; charge against him of a change of opinion
on toleration, ib.; gorgeous eloquence in his
'Life of Christ,' and his sermons, 72; compared
to Chrysostom, 73; contrasted with Milton,
ib.; in similes the very Homer of preachers,
74; his unpruned exuberance and want of the
art to blot,' 75; solemnity of his discourses
marred by illustrations, ib.; his power of sar-
casm, 76; want of masculine firmness and
vigour, ib.

Tasso's imitations of other poets, 102
Tennyson's (Mr.) pathos, 190; contrasted with
Byron, 197; minute details ruinous to great
effects, 198; sublimity contrasted with pretti-
ness, ib.; earliest poems, 199; his inexhausti-
ble fancy and perception of moral and natural
beauty, and other high qualities, ib.; not
schooled in adversity, 200; his fame might
rest on In Memoriam,' 201; extracts from
'The Princess,' 202; companion pictures from
it and from Don Juan,' 203; 'The Princess
compared with 'Don Juan' in point of wit and
humour, ib.; great success of the 'Idylls of
the King,' 203, 204; M. Taine on the absence
of creative genius in Tennyson, 205; Arthurian
poems, ib.; his working against the grain,
and overlaying a train of thought contrasted
with Byron's sudden inspirations, eagerly fol-
lowed out, 199; Guinevere, 206; ' Vivien' as
objectionable as Don Juan,' 206, 207
Thackeray's ironical praise of Dumas, 118
Thallium, the new metal detected by spectrum
analysis, 183

Thiers' (M.) exaggeration respecting the French
army, 106
Thornton (W. T.) on labour, 124; has turned
champion of Trades' Unions, ib.; the first to
disarm Mr. Mill of his wage-fund theory, ib. ;
his industrial Utopia of pure co-operative asso-
ciation, 132

Thurlow (Hon. T. J. H.) on Trades' Unions, 136
Trades' Unions, organisation of, 123; effect of
unionism in raising wages, 131
Tramways, 251

Translation of poetry, considerations on, 190

1:2

4

Taylor (Jeremy), the great glory of the English
pulpit, 60; his career at Cambridge, 60, 61;
contemporary there with Milton, 61; vicissi-
tudes, poverty, and consolations, ib.; mar
ried to Joanna Bridges, natural daughter of
Charles I., ib.; imprisonment for invectives
against Puritan preachers, ib.; happily settled
at Portmore, 63; dedicates Ductor Dubitan-
tium' to Charles II., ib. ; appointed to the See
of Down and Connor, 64; anxiety to be trans-
lated to an English bishopric, ib.; disturbed
state of his diocese, ib.; opposition of Presby-
terian ministers, ib. ; charity to the poor, 65;
power of attracting friends, 66; an eager de-
vourer of books, ib.; ethics his favourite
science, ib.; eminently a Church of England
man, 67; a constant assertor of the superior
claims of Episcopal government, ib.; his Dis
suasive from Popery,' a model of Christian
Controversy, 68; characteristics of his opus
magnum, the Ductor Dubitantium,' ib. ; that
work in the main a treatise on moral philoso-

Varley's (C. E.) testimony to the physical marvels
of Spiritualism, 186

Vega's (Lope de) dramatic compositions exceed
2000, 101

Vienna and Berlin contrasted, 59, 60
Village communities (Sir H. Maine's lectures
on), 93; their organisation in typical districts
of Russia and India, 93, 94; social economy of
the Bushkir village communities, 94, 95; their
principle adopted by the English emigrants
who colonised New England, 95; the Ger-
manic land-system, ib.; organisation of the
Teutonic township, 96; its three portions or
marks, ib.; English village communities be-
fore the Norman conquest, 96, 97; the Indian
village community the unit of social and po-
litical organisation, 97; the constitution of our
Indian villages, ib.; relation of the feudal sys-
tem to village communities in Western Eu-
rope, 98; M. Le Play's description of the vil-
lage of Les Jault, ib.; the decision of history

Waders, battling of male, 31

Wage-fund, absurdity of the theory, 125; its re-
futation in brief compass, 125, 126
Wages in the building trades, 131
Weber's Huntsman's Chorus,' 88

under false pretences, 240

Wellington and Waterloo, according to Lamar
tine, 105

Willmott's (Rev. R. A.) biography of Jeremy
Taylor, 60

Zealander (Macaulay's New) traced to Horace
Walpole, 103

ART. I.-1. Shakespeare: The First Folio | Edition of 1623. Reproduced under the immediate supervision of Howard Staunton, by Photo-lithography. Folio. 2. Shakespere a Critical Biography. By Samuel Neil. 12mo. London, 1861.

THE two works at the head of this article are samples of what has been done for Shakspearian literature within the last few years. It is a matter of congratulation to all students of the great dramatist that the appliances of modern science should have given us an exact facsimile of the first collected edition of the poet's works, and thus have enabled all readers to judge for themselves of the state and arrangement of the text as it first left the hands of the poet's literary executors. Mr. Neil's little book has done good service in presenting the facts of the poet's biography, and the most material documents relating to it, in their strict chronological order. The value of the slenderest notices derived from original papers in illustrating not only the life of the poet, of his family, and his neighbours in Warwickshire, but the spirit and manners of the period, can never be fully appreciated until the whole mass of evidence has been thoroughly sifted. Availing ourselves therefore of what has been brought to light by the indefatigable diligence of the poet's admirers within the last few years, and of such papers as still remain unpublished in the Record Office, we propose to lay before our readers a sketch of Shakspeare's life and times, carefully eliminating from the former those supposed facts and theories which have gathered round it on the faith of documents now generally regarded with discredit.

descent as well as by feeling, Spenser was intimately connected with the aristocracy of England. His life was spent at a distance from the metropolis. During his long residence in Ireland he treasured up the impressions he had received in his youth of the glories of Elizabeth, and the grandeur of Protestantism, its heroic sufferings, its eventual triumph over all forms of falsehood and deceit, moral, religious, social, scientific, and political. These impressions were never disturbed by too close an approximation to realities. Happily, it was never the poet's lot to witness the party and personal squabbles in which his knights indulged too freely in the court of his Gloriana, or to see prelates and Puritans divided, and both equally forgetful of mutual charity, in bitter controversies about square caps and white surplices. Hooker, on the other hand, owed his descent to the burgher class. The chief part of his life was spent in the quiet seclusion of the university. If Spenser was mainly indebted to his imagination for his knowledge of the external world, Hooker judged it by his books. His mind was as deeply tinctured with fathers and schoolmen-with an ideal Christianity enshrined in the past-as Spenser's imagination lingered over mediaval romances and Arthurian legends, Over both the past had a stronger hold than the present; the To Kaλòv of the one and the Tò díkalov of the other are equally heroical-both equally transcend the capabilities and the limits of poor, failing, commonplace humanity.

It was otherwise with Shakspeare. Like Spenser, he was allied by his mother's side to gentle blood; * like Hooker, too, he was