THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS |
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Page 19
These are true migrants; but a number of other birds visit us occasionally, like the
waxwing, the oriole, and the bee-eater, and can only be classed as stragglers,
which, perhaps from too rapid multiplication one year and want of food the next, ...
These are true migrants; but a number of other birds visit us occasionally, like the
waxwing, the oriole, and the bee-eater, and can only be classed as stragglers,
which, perhaps from too rapid multiplication one year and want of food the next, ...
Page 62
It is because New Zealand, in addition to its negative merits, possesses three
families of birds (Apterygidae living, Dinornithidae and Palapterygidae extinct),
and a peculiar lizard-like reptile, Hatteria, which has to be classed in a distinct
order, ...
It is because New Zealand, in addition to its negative merits, possesses three
families of birds (Apterygidae living, Dinornithidae and Palapterygidae extinct),
and a peculiar lizard-like reptile, Hatteria, which has to be classed in a distinct
order, ...
Page 69
No species or group of animals can properly be classed as “arctic,” which does
not exclusively inhabit or greatly preponderate in arctic lands. For the purpose of
establishing the need of an “arctic * Zoological region, we should consider chiefly
...
No species or group of animals can properly be classed as “arctic,” which does
not exclusively inhabit or greatly preponderate in arctic lands. For the purpose of
establishing the need of an “arctic * Zoological region, we should consider chiefly
...
Page 74
More than 30 genera are altogether peculiar, and some of these are so isolated
as to require to be classed in separate families or sub-families. The African
affinity is however here more strongly shown by the considerable number (13) of
...
More than 30 genera are altogether peculiar, and some of these are so isolated
as to require to be classed in separate families or sub-families. The African
affinity is however here more strongly shown by the considerable number (13) of
...
Page 76
... three, and the number of families and genera of mammalia and birds which
occur in it and also in Africa, it has been thought by some naturalists that this part
of India has at least an equal claim to be classed as a part of the Ethiopian region
.
... three, and the number of families and genera of mammalia and birds which
occur in it and also in Africa, it has been thought by some naturalists that this part
of India has at least an equal claim to be classed as a part of the Ethiopian region
.
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Common terms and phrases
absence abundant affinities Africa allied animals appear arctic Asia Australia belong birds Borneo Celebes Central Ceylon changes character characteristic China classed climate closely common comparatively confined connection consider considerable consisting Cosmopolite deposits developed distinct distribution district doubt east Eastern Eocene epoch equally Ethiopian Europe European existing extend extinct fact fauna feet forests forms genera genus groups Guinea Hemisphere Himalayas important India indicate inhabit insects interesting Islands Japan Java known land less limits living Madagascar Malayan mammalia means Miocene Moluccas mountains natural Nearctic nearly Neotropical North northern occur ocean Oriental Palaearctic peculiar genera perhaps period Philippines Pliocene portion possesses present probably range recent relations remains remarkable represented separate ſº South America southern species sub-region Sumatra Sylviidae temperate Thibet tropical types various West whole region wholly wide Zealand Zoological
Popular passages
Page 150 - Yet it is surely a marvellous fact, and one that has hardly been sufficiently dwelt upon, this sudden dying out of so many large mammalia, not in one place only but over half the land surface of the globe.
Page 328 - India consisting mainly of granite and old-metamorphic rocks, while the greater part of the peninsula is of tertiary formation, with a few isolated patches of secondary rocks. It is evident, therefore, that during much of the tertiary period,* Ceylon and South India were bounded on the north by a considerable extent of sea, and probably formed part of an extensive Southern Continent or great island. The very numerous and remarkable cases of affinity with Malaya, require, however, some closer approximation...
Page 37 - Straits, so that it is possible to go from Cape Horn to Singapore or the Cape of Good Hope without ever being out of sight of land ; and owing to the intervention of the numerous islands of the Malay Archipelago the journey might be continued under the same conditions as far as Melbourne and Hobart...
Page 278 - ... wonderful aye-aye (Chiromys) , the insectivorous Centetidae, and carnivorous Cryptoprocta, among the Mammalia. They speak to us plainly of enormous antiquity, of long-continued isolation, and not less plainly of a lost continent or continental island, in which so many, and various, and peculiarly organized creatures, could have been gradually developed in a connected fauna, of which we have here but the fragmentary remains.
Page 328 - ... much of the Tertiary period, Ceylon and South India were bounded on the north by a considerable extent of sea, and probably formed part of an extensive Southern Continent or great island. The very numerous and remarkable cases of affinity with Malaya require, however, some closer approximation with these islands, which probably occurred at a later period. When, still later, the great plains and tablelands of Hindostan were formed and a permanent land communication effected with the rich and highly...
Page 57 - Eegions in the first place, from a consideration of the distribution of mammalia, only bringing to our aid the distribution of other groups to determine doubtful points. Regions so established will be most closely in accordance with those long-enduring features of physical geography, on which the distribution of all forms of life fundamentally depends;* and all discrepancies in the distribution of other classes of animals must be capable of being explained, either...
Page 67 - ... who cannot recognize the essential diversity of structure in such groups as swifts and swallows, sun-birds and humming-birds, under the superficial disguise caused by adaptation to a similar mode of life. The application of Mr. Allen's principle leads to equally erroneous results, as may be well seen by considering his separation of 'the southern third of Australia' to unite it with New Zealand as one of his secondary zoological divisions."t Leaving Mr.
Page 44 - The introduction of goats into St. Helena utterly destroyed a whole flora of forest trees, and with them all the insects, mollusca, and perhaps birds directly or indirectly dependent on them.
Page 290 - The enormous disproportion between the mean height of the land and the mean depth of the ocean, which would render it very difficult for new land to reach the surface till long after the total submergence of the sinking continent. (2) The wonderful uniformity of level over by far the greater part of the ocean floor, which indicates that it is not subject to the same disturbing agencies which...
Page 76 - is undoubtedly a legitimate and highly probable supposition, and it is an example of the way in which a study of the geographical distribution of animals may enable us to reconstruct the geography of a bygone age. ... It...
Bibliographic information
| Title | THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS |
| Author | ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE |
| Published | 1876 |
| Original from | the University of Michigan |
| Digitized | 17 veeb. 2006 |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |