THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS |
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Page 3
... facts we have collected, it will become apparent that the change we have
witnessed has been of two distinct kinds. In our own and immediately
surrounding districts, particular species appeared and disappeared because the
soil, the aspect, ...
... facts we have collected, it will become apparent that the change we have
witnessed has been of two distinct kinds. In our own and immediately
surrounding districts, particular species appeared and disappeared because the
soil, the aspect, ...
Page 4
When we reach the Alps we find another kind of squirrel, in Southern Italy a
distinct mole, in Southern Europe fresh warblers and unfamiliar buntings. We
meet also with totally new forms; as the glutton and the snowy owl in Northern,
the genet ...
When we reach the Alps we find another kind of squirrel, in Southern Italy a
distinct mole, in Southern Europe fresh warblers and unfamiliar buntings. We
meet also with totally new forms; as the glutton and the snowy owl in Northern,
the genet ...
Page 5
... of the productions of different portions of the earth soon showed that this
explanation was quite insufficient; for it was found that countries exceedingly
similar in climate and all physical features may yet have very distinct animal
populations.
... of the productions of different portions of the earth soon showed that this
explanation was quite insufficient; for it was found that countries exceedingly
similar in climate and all physical features may yet have very distinct animal
populations.
Page 6
... are often found on the opposite sides of any considerable barrier to their
migration. Thus, on the two sides of the Andes and Rocky Mountains in America,
almost all the mammalia, birds, and insects are of distinct species. To a less
extent, ...
... are often found on the opposite sides of any considerable barrier to their
migration. Thus, on the two sides of the Andes and Rocky Mountains in America,
almost all the mammalia, birds, and insects are of distinct species. To a less
extent, ...
Page 16
Great numbers of them breed in the arctic regions and migrate as far as India and
Australia, or down to Chili and Brazil; the species of the old and new worlds,
however, being generally distinct. In striking contrast to these wide ranges we
find ...
Great numbers of them breed in the arctic regions and migrate as far as India and
Australia, or down to Chili and Brazil; the species of the old and new worlds,
however, being generally distinct. In striking contrast to these wide ranges we
find ...
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Common terms and phrases
absence abundant affinities Africa allied animals appear arctic Asia Australia belong birds Borneo Celebes Central Ceylon changes character characteristic China classed climate closely common comparatively confined connection consider considerable consisting Cosmopolite deposits developed distinct distribution district doubt east Eastern Eocene epoch equally Ethiopian Europe European existing extend extinct fact fauna feet forests forms genera genus groups Guinea Hemisphere Himalayas important India indicate inhabit insects interesting Islands Japan Java known land less limits living Madagascar Malayan mammalia means Miocene Moluccas mountains natural Nearctic nearly Neotropical North northern occur ocean Oriental Palaearctic peculiar genera perhaps period Philippines Pliocene portion possesses present probably range recent relations remains remarkable represented separate ſº South America southern species sub-region Sumatra Sylviidae temperate Thibet tropical types various West whole region wholly wide Zealand Zoological
Popular passages
Page 150 - Yet it is surely a marvellous fact, and one that has hardly been sufficiently dwelt upon, this sudden dying out of so many large mammalia, not in one place only but over half the land surface of the globe.
Page 328 - India consisting mainly of granite and old-metamorphic rocks, while the greater part of the peninsula is of tertiary formation, with a few isolated patches of secondary rocks. It is evident, therefore, that during much of the tertiary period,* Ceylon and South India were bounded on the north by a considerable extent of sea, and probably formed part of an extensive Southern Continent or great island. The very numerous and remarkable cases of affinity with Malaya, require, however, some closer approximation...
Page 37 - Straits, so that it is possible to go from Cape Horn to Singapore or the Cape of Good Hope without ever being out of sight of land ; and owing to the intervention of the numerous islands of the Malay Archipelago the journey might be continued under the same conditions as far as Melbourne and Hobart...
Page 278 - ... wonderful aye-aye (Chiromys) , the insectivorous Centetidae, and carnivorous Cryptoprocta, among the Mammalia. They speak to us plainly of enormous antiquity, of long-continued isolation, and not less plainly of a lost continent or continental island, in which so many, and various, and peculiarly organized creatures, could have been gradually developed in a connected fauna, of which we have here but the fragmentary remains.
Page 328 - ... much of the Tertiary period, Ceylon and South India were bounded on the north by a considerable extent of sea, and probably formed part of an extensive Southern Continent or great island. The very numerous and remarkable cases of affinity with Malaya require, however, some closer approximation with these islands, which probably occurred at a later period. When, still later, the great plains and tablelands of Hindostan were formed and a permanent land communication effected with the rich and highly...
Page 57 - Eegions in the first place, from a consideration of the distribution of mammalia, only bringing to our aid the distribution of other groups to determine doubtful points. Regions so established will be most closely in accordance with those long-enduring features of physical geography, on which the distribution of all forms of life fundamentally depends;* and all discrepancies in the distribution of other classes of animals must be capable of being explained, either...
Page 67 - ... who cannot recognize the essential diversity of structure in such groups as swifts and swallows, sun-birds and humming-birds, under the superficial disguise caused by adaptation to a similar mode of life. The application of Mr. Allen's principle leads to equally erroneous results, as may be well seen by considering his separation of 'the southern third of Australia' to unite it with New Zealand as one of his secondary zoological divisions."t Leaving Mr.
Page 44 - The introduction of goats into St. Helena utterly destroyed a whole flora of forest trees, and with them all the insects, mollusca, and perhaps birds directly or indirectly dependent on them.
Page 290 - The enormous disproportion between the mean height of the land and the mean depth of the ocean, which would render it very difficult for new land to reach the surface till long after the total submergence of the sinking continent. (2) The wonderful uniformity of level over by far the greater part of the ocean floor, which indicates that it is not subject to the same disturbing agencies which...
Page 76 - is undoubtedly a legitimate and highly probable supposition, and it is an example of the way in which a study of the geographical distribution of animals may enable us to reconstruct the geography of a bygone age. ... It...
Bibliographic information
| Title | THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS |
| Author | ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE |
| Published | 1876 |
| Original from | the University of Michigan |
| Digitized | 17 veeb. 2006 |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |