The total population of the department of the Seine is, as previously given, 2,410,849, of which 1,194,939 are males, and 1,215,910 are females; showing an excess of females over males of 20,971.

Approximate area in acres of the agricultural territory of the department of the Seine, year

Of the number of salaried hands, about 75 per cent. of them have other trades and occupations, at which they work during the hours of the day and days of the year when they are not engaged in agricultural labor. Even those who are engaged permanently subserve their income by independent work, such as raising poultry, selling milk, eggs, and butter, and often by the produce of a garden or field spot which they cultivate in odd hours and in their own time.

In the department of the Seine, in the year of 1876, the average daily wages of an agricultural laborer was 90 cents, and in this same department the number of working days during the year is compiled as follows: Men, 275; women, 248; children, 173.

It should be noted that during the harvest months and vintage all agricultural hands receive greatly increased wages, in many instances double. The Government also permits the soldiers to help in the fields and vineyards during these seasons; this year their daily wages have been fixed at 34 cents per day.

FRENCH FARMING AND FARM LIFE.

In 1872 there were 18,513,325 individuals living upon the agricultural industry of France, divided as follows:

1. Proprietors cultivating or living upon their own lands

9,097, 758

1,428, 881

3, 141, 187

940, 311 3,255, 618

7. House-gardeners, market-gardeners, nurserymen....

270,743

378,827

18,513, 325

The system of farming in France is unlike that pursued by the people in general in the United States. It may be stated as a communal system. Large land-owners rarely cultivate their own farms, but let them out to contractors, who in turn hire hands according to their wants, by the hour, day, or under contract for the season, or by the year, for their cultivation. Such demarkations as "line fences" are rarely seen in France, hence the properties of several land-owners are cultivated by the same contractors and by the same work people. The crops are not sown or planted according to dividing lines, but the whole- property under contract is regarded as one farm, and cultivated accordingly. The lines of demarkation as to ownership of the land are usually made by stones set in the ground at fixed distances. It strikes the traveler as strange to see such vast areas of ground under cultivation with no di