12. O. flbz, ldz, ldzh,

...

...

rouged, &c.

graves, loaves, withes, bathes, &c.

helm, film, culm, &c.

bulbed.

bulbs, folds, builds, bilge, rhumbs, lands,

and C.mbz, ndz, ndzh, finds, fringe, change, &c.

From what we have said (page 65) on the component elements of syllables, it will be evident that voice articulations cannot follow breath ones in the same syllable, but that breath articulations may follow vocal ones. The following mixed combinations (besides the Liquids already given in the first part of this table) are all that occur in English.

A further variety of syllabic quantities arises from the COMBINATION OF SYLLABLES INTO WORDS.

An accented syllable-whatever its constituent elementsfollowed by one unaccented, is shorter than a monosyllable containing the same elements; followed by two unaccented syllables, it is still shorter; by three, shorter still; and so on, it decreases in quantity, as its terminational unaccented syllables increase in number. Thus, lit, litter, literal, literally. If we repeat the monosyllable in its ordinary degree of time, we shall find that we can pronounce the dissyllable, trissyllable, or quadrisyllable in the same time. This may be well tested by accompanying the accent by a beat of the hand.

It is further to be observed, that the accented syllable is longer when the syllable next to it begins with an articulation, than when it begins with a vowel. A comparison of love, lovely, loveliness, with love, loving, lovingly, will manifest this. Subjoined are a few instances of each vowel before the different classes of articulations, followed by one, two, and three unaccented syllables. Instances of the first three classes are shown with both vowels and articulations following the accent.

We have now shown the differences of quantity essential in the separate elements of speech; and the quantitative influence of Articulations on Vowels, and of Unaccented on Accented Syllables. The influence of another vowel immediately succeeding the accented one, as in theatre, drawing, &c., remains to be noticed. If we compare any words of this class with others which have the shortest articulation interposed between the vowels,-as,

we shall find, that while the words in the first line allow of greater duration on the accented vowel (when under emphasis) than those in the second, yet in their ordinary pronunciation, the vowels are shorter in the first than in the second class of words. The judge of this is of course the ear; to it, in confirmation of our assertion, we appeal.

In order to test this fairly, however, it will be necessary to compare the words—not separately, but in a sentence, that they may have their ordinary colloquial quantity; for as the words of the first class more easily bear an increased quantity than those of the second, they would be very liable to receive an unconscious addition in separate comparison. Test them in the following

sentences:

Seeing you seated here, I came to you.

Lucky fellow thou sawest that for which thou soughtest not. That fluted glass looks very like a streaming fluid.

As a general principle, then, we should say, that accented monophthong vowels preceding another vowel, are shorter than when they are before any articulation. Not so, however, diphthongal vowels,—as in grey-ish, joy-ous, flow-ing, &c., these, when fully pronounced, are as long before a vowel as before a voicearticulation.

In the preceding Quantitative Tables we have shown the nature and extent of our Articulative Combinations. To complete the view of English Elementary Compounds, we shall now exhibit an arrangement of our

VOWEL COMBINATIONS.

The English language is usually supposed to be more deficient of vowel combinations than it really is. Examination may show

K