described, and we would then have it converted into a Carduella, so far as regards the most essential points of its structure. Descriptions of Genera of Fish of Java. By Dr. BLEEKER. Personal Observations on the Zoology of Aberdeenshire. By S. M. BURNETT. List of Marine Polyzoa, collected by GEORGE BARLEE, Esq., in Shetland and the Orkneys, with Descriptions of the New Species. By GEORGE Busk, F.R.S., F.L.S. The number of species collected by Mr. Barlee in the above region, and submitted to my notice, amounts to about forty, of which nine are probably new or undescribed. Suborder I. CHEILOSTOMATA. Fam. I. Salicornariidæ, Busk. Gen. 1. SALICORNARIA, Cuvier. 1. S. Johnsoni, Busk. Cellaria Johnsoni, Busk, Q. J. Micr. Sc. vol. vii. p. 65 (Zoophytol. pl. 22. figs. 4, 5). Cellaria marginata, Reuss (non Goldfuss), Fossil. Polyp. d. Wien. Tertiärbeck. p. 59, pl. 7. fig. 29 (non 28). Fam. II. Cellulariidæ, Busk. Gen. 2. CELLULARIA, Pallas. 1. C. Peachii, Busk. C. Peachii, Busk, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. vii. p. 82, pl. 8. figs. 1, 2, 3, 4; Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 20, pl. 27. figs. 3, 4, 5. 1. M. ternata, Soland. (sp.). Gen. 3. MENIPEA, Lamx. M. ternata, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 21, pl. 20. figs. 3, 4, 5. Crisia ternata, Lamx. Tricellaria ternata, Fleming; Blainville; Gray. Cellularia ternata, Johnston. Fam. III. Scrupariidæ, Busk. Gen. 4. HIPPOTHOA, Lamx. 1. Hippothoa catenularia, Jameson. H. catenularia, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. parti. p. 29, pl. 18. figs. 1, 2; Fleming; Hassall; Couch; Johnston; Gray. Tubipora catenulata, Stewart. 2. Hippothoa divaricata, Lamx. Hippothoa divaricata, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 30, pl. 18. figs. 3, 4. Lamx.; Johnston; Audouin. H. lanceolata, Gray; Hassall; Couch; W. Thompson. Catenicella divaricata, Blainv. Fam. IV. Cabereadæ, Busk. Gen. 5. CABEREA, Lamx. 1. C. Hookeri, Busk. C. Hookeri, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 39, pl. 37. fig. 2. Cellularia Hookeri, Fleming (pars); Johnston. ? Bicellaria Hookeri, "Blainville. The species of Caberea originally discovered by Hooker on the south coast is probably identical with Cab. Boryi; but that form and the one from the northern seas were confounded together by Dr. Johnston under the same appellation. The specific name, therefore, is hardly in strict language applicable to the northern species, but has been retained (though altered in its precise application) in compliment to the illustrious botanist to whom it was originally given. Fam. V. Bicellariidæ, Busk. Gen. 6. BICELLARIA, Blainville. 1. B. ciliata, Linn. (sp.). B. ciliata, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 41, pl. 34; Blainville. Sertularia ciliata, Linn. Cellaria ciliata, Ellis & Solander; Lamk. Bugula ciliata, Oken. Cellularia ciliata, Pallas; Johnston; Couch; Gray. Crisia ciliata, Lamouroux; Templeton; Van Beneden. 2. Bicellaria Alderi, n. sp. Cells turbinate, much attenuated downwards; aperture oval, a single marginal spine at the outer angle. Hab. Shetland (Barlee). The distinctive characters of this species were first pointed out to me by Mr. Joshua Alder, to whom I have dedicated the species. Gen. 7. BUGULA, Oken. 1. B. Murrayana, Bean (sp.). B. Murrayana, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 46, pl. 59. Flustra Murrayana, Bean; Johnston. ?Sertularia spiralis, Olivi. Flabellaria spiralis, Gray. Fam. VI. Flustridæ, d'Orbigny. Gen. 8. FLUSTRA, Linn. 1. F. foliacea, Linn. F. foliacea, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 48, pl. 55. fig. 45, pl. 56. fig. 5; Auctorum. 2. F. truncata, Linn. F. truncata, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. pl. 58. figs. 1, 2, pl. 56. figs. 1, 2; Linn.; Müller; Ellis & Solander; Esper; Olivi; Johnston; Blanville; &c. F. securifrons, Pallas. 3. F. Barleei, n. sp. F. polyzoaria foliacea, divisa, lobata; cellulis oblongis, margine simplici; ovicellulis cucullatis; aviculariis inter cellulas sparsis, oblique positis, mandibulo semicirculari. Hab. Shetland (Barlee). Flustra Barlei, Busk, Q. J. Micr. Sc. vol. viii. p. 123 (Zoophyt. pl. 25. fig. 4), Fain. VII. Membraniporidæ, Busk. Gen. 9. MEMBRANI PORA, Blainville. 1. M cornigera, n. sp. M. incrustans, cellulis pyriformibus, superne angustatis, margine glabro, spinis 6 erectis armato, quarum infimis bifurcatis; lamina granulosa; apertura magna irregulari; aviculariis crebris inter cellulas sparsis, mandibulo semicirculari. Hab. Shetland (Barlee). M. cornigera, Busk, Q. J. Micr. Sc. vol. viii. p. 124, pl. 25. fig. 2. 2. M. vulnerata, n. sp. M. incrustans; cellulis subpyriformibus seu subovalibus, superne angustatis; apertura parva semicirculari, lamina granulosa, utroque latere fissura sigmoidea, plerumque ornata; margine granuloso, inermi; vibraculis inter cellulas sparsis. Hab. Shetland (Barlee). M. vulnerata, Busk, Q. J. Micr. Sc. vol. viii. pl. 124, p. 25. fig. 3. 3. M. minax, n. sp. M. adnata, cellulis pyriformibus, inferne attenuatis; area ovali, apertura trifoliata, lamina glabra; margine tenui spinis elongatis gracilibus armato; aviculario magno, sessili, in parte anteriore cellulæ medio posito, mandibulo rostroque peracuto instructo; ovicellula magna, rotundata. Hab. Shetland (Barlee; on stone). M. minax, Busk, Q. J. Micr. Sc. vol. viii. p. 125, pl. 25. fig. 1. 4. M. Rosselii, Audouin (sp.). Flustra Rosselii, Audouin. M. Rosselii, Busk, B. M. Cat. parti. p. 59, pl. 100. fig. 2. 5. M. Pouilletii, Audouin (sp.). Flustra Pouilletii, Audouin. M. Pouilletii, Alder, Cat. of Zooph. of Northumberland and Durham, p. 56, pl. 8. fig. 5. ? M. membranacea (pars), Johnston. 6. M. spinifera, Johnston (sp.). M. spinifera, Alder, l. c. p. 53, pl. 8. figs. 2, 2a. Flustra spinifera, Johnston. ? Flustra lineata (pars), Johnston, Gen. 10. LEPRALIA, Johnston. 1. L. sinuosa, n. sp. L. cellulis subrhomboideis, planis, perforatis, linea elevata sinuosa sejunctis; orificio suborbiculari infra sinuato, peristomate elevato. Hab. Shetland (Barlee; on shell). L. sinuosa, Busk, Q. J. Micr. Sc. vol. viii. p. 125, pl. 24. figs. 2, 3. 2. L. Barleei, n. sp. L. cellulis ovoideis, convexis, superficie granulosa; orificio 1859. 10 orbiculari, infra sinuato; peristomate simplici, elevato; ovicellulis decumbentibus, ad marginem supra perforatis. Hab. Shetland (Barlee; on shell). 3. L. canthariformis, n. sp. L. cellulis late ovoideis, superficie granulosa punctata nitida; orificio magno, suborbiculari seu irregulari, peristomate producto infundibuliformi integro circumdato. Hab, Shetland (Burlee; on shell). 4. L. umbonata, n. sp. L. cellulis oblongis, seriatis, linea elevata sejunctis, ad latera perforatis, medio umbonatis et juxta orificium avicularium mandibulo semicirculari horizontali gerentibus; orificio suborbiculari, infra paullulum constricto, peristomate simplici, spinis 4 supra armato; ovicellula umbonata vittaque parva utrinque ornata. Hab. Shetland (Barlee; on stone). 5. L. Malusii, Audouin (sp.). L. Malusii (var. spinata), Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 83, pl. 103. figs. 1, 2, 3, 4; Q. J. Micr, Sc. vol. viii. p. 125 (Zoophyt. pl. 24. fig. 1). L. biforis, Johnston. Eschara Malusii, Audouin. Cellepora Macry, W. Thompson. 6. L. Pallasiana, Moll. (sp.). L. Pallasiana, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 81, pl. 83. figs. 1, 2. L. pedilostoma, Hassall. L. pediostoma, Johnston; Couch. Cellepora Pallasiana, Lamx. Eschara Pallasiana, Moll. Flustra hibernica, Hassall. 7. L. labrosa, Busk. L. labrosa, Busk, Brit. Mus, Cat. part i. p. 82, pl. 92. figs. 1, 2. 8. Lepralia bispinosa, Johnston. Lepralia bispinosa, Johnston, Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 326, pl. 57. fig. 10; Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. part i. p. 77, pl. 80. figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. 9. L. granifera, Johnston. L. granifera, Johnston, Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 309, pl. 54. fig. 7; Busk, Brit. Mus, Cat. parti. p. 83, pl. 87. fig. 2, pl. 95. figs. 6, 7. 10. L. Landsborovii, Johnston. L. Landsborovii, Johnston, Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 310, pl. 54. fig. 9; Bush, Brit. Mus. Cat. parti. p. 66, pl. 86. fig. 1, pl. 102. fig. 1. 11. L. ringens, Busk. L. ringens, Busk, Q. J. Micr. Sc. vol. iv. p. 308 (Zooph. pl. 9. figs. 3, 4, 5). Gen. 11. ALYSIDOTA, Busk. 1. A. Alderi, Busk. A. Alderi, Busk, Q. J. Micr. Sc. vol. iv. p. 311 (Zoophyt. pl. 9. figs. 6, 7). 2. A. conferta, n. sp. A. cellulis confertis ovoideis, punctatis; orificio parvo, orbiculari, infra emarginato, peristomate subincrassato, spinis 4 armato; ovicellula recumbente, subimmersa, punctata. Hab. Shetland (Barlee; on stone). Suborder II. CYCLOSTOMATA. Fam. I. Crisiidæ, M.-Edwards. Gen. 1. CRISIA, Lamouroux. 1. C. aculeata, Hassall. C. aculeata, Johnston, Brit. Zoophyt. ed. 2. p. 285; Hassall. C. eburnea (pars), M.-Edwards; Van Beneden. Fam. II. Idmoneidæ, Busk Gen. 2. IDMONEA. 1. I. atlantica, E. Forbes. I. atlantica, Johnston, Brit. Zoophyt. ed. 2. p. 278, pl. 48. .fig. 3; Busk. Gen. 3. PUSTULOPORA, Blainville. 1. P. proboscidea, F. Forbes. Fam. III. Tubuliporidæ, Busk. Gen. 4. TUBULIPORA (pars), Lamarck. 1. Tubulipora truncata, Jameson (sp.). T. truncata, Johnston, Brit. Zoophyt, ed. 2. p. 271, pl. 33. figs. 8-10; Busk; Fleming. Millepora truncata, Jameson. Fam. IV. Diastoporida, Busk. Gen. 5. ALECTO, Lamx. 1. Alecto major, Johnston. A. major, Johnston, Brit. Zoophyt. ed. 2. p. 281, pl. 49. figs. 3, 4. 2. A. granulata, M.-Edwards. A. granulata, Johnston, Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 280, pl. 49. figs. 1, 2. Gen. 6. DISCOPORELLA, Gray. 1. D. hispida, Fleming (sp.). Tubulipora hispida, Johnston; Busk. Discopora hispida, Fleming. Gen. 7. PATINELLA, Gray. 1. P. patina, Lamarck (sp.). Tubulipora patina, Lamarck; Johnston; Risso; Blainville; &c. Suborder III. CTENOSTOMATA. Fam. I. Farrellidæ, Busk. Gen. 1. AVENELLA, Dalzell. 1. A. fusca, Du Gell. Farrella fusca, Busk. Gen. 2. BUSKIA, Alder. 1. B. nitens, Alder. B. nitens, Alder, Zoophytes of Northumberland & Durham, p. 66, pl. 5. figs. 1, 2; Busk. Remarks on the Mollusca of Aberdeenshire. By Dr. DICKIE. These remarks are founded on the investigations of the late Professor Macgillivray, and my own observations. The Mollusca of Aberdeenshire comprehend representatives of all the British families, excepting eleven; the species amount to two hundred and thirty. Although some objections have been urged against the types into which the British species are divided in Forbes and Hanley's Mollusca,' they, however, afford a useful scale of comparison, as to distribution on different parts of the coast of the United Kingdom. Of the Lusitanian and S. British types, the best-marked example found here is Trochus crassus, which is rare. The European type is well represented; but some species, very abundant in more southern and western districts, are rare at Aberdeen. The Celtic type, like the last, is general, but principally distributed toward the north many of its species are abundant at Aberdeen; but some are rare, as Chiton ruber and Pholas candida. The British type consists of a few species most abundant in, or confined to Britain: two of these are frequent on this coast, viz. Trochus millegranus and Pecten tigrinus; Astarte triangularis and Scalaria Trevellyana are rare. The Atlantic branch is very partially represented here; and the few species which occur are rare. The Boreal type does not comprehend many species; but most of them are found on our coast, and are generally abundant, as Åstarte compressa, Acmaa testudinalis, Cyprina Islandica, Trochus helicinus, Velutina flexilis ; others are rare, as Astarte elliptica, Puncturella Noachina, &c. Those designated as truly Arctic in the British list are few; none have hitherto been found here. Our mountains are singularly deficient in land- and freshwater-species; I have only seen three at any great elevation. Pisidium pulchellum occurs at 1742 feet, along with Limneus pereger, the shell of the latter being very thin and fragile, and the tip of the spire usually defective; the Pisidium is also found at 2400 feet. The other species observed above 1000 feet is Arion ater, viz. at 1874 feet, the individuals being large, and the colour well-developed. It may, finally, be worthy of record here, that Panopæa Norvegica and Tellina proxima occur in the glacial clay in Belhelvie. On the Structure of the Shell in some Species of Pecten. By Dr. DICKIE. The following brief statement of facts is not brought forward with any intention of calling in question the more important conclusions regarding shell-structure in Mollusca, recorded in the Transactions of the British Association for 1844 and 1847, but merely with the view of showing what caution is necessary in drawing conclusions from some of the instances recorded there. It is stated that, in Pectinidæ, "corrugated membranous structure with tubular structure is sufficient to distinguish a shell of this family from any neighbouring family to which in general characters it might possess an affinity;" allusion is also made to traces of cellular structure on the outside, a thin layer having been observed in Pecten nobilis; it is conjectured that the rarity of such cellular layer may be owing to abrasion during the active movements of the animals; the examination of very young specimens is also recommended. While preparing some specimens illustrative of shell-structure for class demonstration, I found that the Pecten vitreus (P. Grænlandicus of some authors), an Arctic species, the shell of which is singularly transparent, is well-suited for such purpose, and has some peculiarities which seem deserving of record. Both valves have a thin layer of membranous structure inside; the whole of the convex valve has tubular tissue on the outside: the body of the flat valve, on the other hand, is distinctly cellular, while the auricular portion is tubular. The convex valve, therefore, has the characters assigned in the Report above quoted; while the flat presents three kinds of tissue, in different parts of it,-viz., membranous, tubular, and cellular. Specimens of different ages were found presenting the characters above stated. It is obvious, therefore, that erroneous conclusions would result from any partial examination of this species. I was further induced to examine young individuals of a native species, Pecten maximus; specimens half an inch or even an inch broad are transparent enough for the purpose. Here it is the convex valve which is cellular on the outside, and not the flat valve (as in Pecten vitreus); for it has on the outside an obscurely tubular structure with numerous granules interspersed. Of Pecten similis, which is very translucent, I had only a few separate valves at disposal: some of these I found to be cellular, and others obscurely tubular on the outside. In the Report already quoted, an example is given, illustrative of the importance of shell-structure in determining affinities. A fossil was described by Professor Phillips as an Avicula, and by Messrs. Young and Bird as a Pecten; the mixture of external characters is such as would sanction its being placed in either genus. From the absence of cellular or membranous structure, which characterizes Avicula, and the presence of corrugated and tubular tissue, it was inferred that this fossil ought to be placed in Pectinidæ : the facts above recorded seem to require a revisal of such decisive conclusion. On the Varieties and Species of New Pheasants recently introduced into England. By JOHN GOULD, Esq., F.R.Š. &c. After a sketch of the distribution of the family of Gallinaceous birds, the author gave an account of the species of the genus Phasianus (Pheasants) which had been introduced into England. All the species were from Asia. The oldest-known was the P. Colchicus from Asia Minor; the next was P. torquatus from Shanghai, which was introduced about one hundred years ago, and had recently been reintroduced; and the third was P. versicolor, from Japan. The crosses between these three species produced remarkably fine, strong and heavy birds. The other true species exhibited was P. Mongolicus, from Mongolia.__Mr. Gould also placed on the table specimens of P. Sæmmeringi from Japan, and P. Reevesi from China, a bird remarkable for having a tail 6 feet in length. Mr. GOULD exhibited several species of Birds of Paradise, for which he was indebted to Mr. Wallace, who had recently procured numerous fine examples of several members of this beautiful family, and had moreover discovered a splendid new bird (perhaps allied to this group), which had been named, in honour of him, Semioptera Wallacei. The species exhibited were, Paradisea apɔda from Arru Island; P. Papuana and P. rubra, Diphyllodes magnifica, Parotia aurea, and Cicinnurus regius from New Guinea; and the new Semioptera Wallacei from the island of Batchian. |