now forms Victoria was taken, and it was found to be 32,876. The following are the details:-Population, Melbourne, Gipp Ward, males 1758; females 1602-total 3360. Bourke Ward, males 976; females 929-total 1905. Lonsdale Ward, males 1481; females 1176-total 2657. La Trolee Ward, males 1557; females 1495total 3052. County of Bourke, males 3688; females 2688. Gipp's Land, males 612; females 240. Murray District, males 1142; females 416. Western Port, males 2516; females 1009. County of Grant and Geelong, males 2339; females 1531. Portland District, males 4130; females 1610-total, males 20,199; females 12,696. The births registered in the year 1845 were 1554; the marriages 332; the deaths 341. The children at school were 2200; the convicts 75.

In 1851 the population was 77,360, of which the following details may be interesting-Population of towns: Melbourne, 23,143; Geelong, 8243; Portland, 1025; Belfast, 964; Warrnambool, 383; Kilmore, 1137; Kyntor, 296; Seymor, 117. Counties and districts: Banke, 17,469; Grant, 4469; Normanby, 1505; Dundas, 911; Follet, 648; Vilhas, 2705; Heytesbury, 59; Ripon, 814; Hampden, 729; Grenville, 322; Polworth, 1552; Talbot, 893; Dalhousie, 790; Anglesea, 568; Evelyn and Mornington, 871; Gipp Land, 1770; Murray, 2693; Liddon, 1127; Wimera, 2019. In the year 1857 the population had increased to 410,766, of whom 99,354 were located in Melbourne, 23,338 in Geelong, 121,520 in the rural districts, and 166,550 on the different gold fields. In 1858 the population had reached 480,000, so that in seven years no fewer than 400,000 had been added. The following are the births, deaths, marriages, and population for seven consecutive years, from 1851 to 1857 :

The following is the emigrants' arrival during the same period:

On the 31st of March last, the population of the colony is thus stated :-Population on the 31st of December, 1858, 323,447 males, 180,731 females; increase by emigration during the quarter ending the 31st of March, 1859, 1912 males, 2480 females; increase by excess of births over deaths during the quarter ending the 31st of March, 1859, 1078 males, 1452 females. Total population, 511,100. The next Table gives the revenue and expenditure of the settlement from 1836 to 1842:

Revenue.

£ 8. d.
000

Expenditure. £ 8. d. 2,164 16 8 5,879 2 4 16,030 2 5

Years.

1836

1837

2,558 15 10

24,035 10

41,374 18 4

74,324 19 4

1842

84,566 9 3

91,156 10 11

The revenue has increased so much, that it amounted in 1836 to £89,117; and in 1854, according to the financial minute of his Excellency Sir Charles Hotham, to £2,479,461 8s. 1d.

As the first great source of productive wealth was from squatting or depasturing stock on crown lands, the following statistical information in reference to its rise may be interesting. In September 1846, the following return was made by the Crown Land Commissioners of the various districts:

Western Part.-Acres in cultivation, 2586; horses, 1974; cattle, 41,021; sheep, 618,392. Population-males, free, 1659; females, 473; males, bond, 43: total,

2175.

Portland Bay.-Acres in cultivation, 2286; horses, 2906; cattle, 55,136; sheep, 1,085,466. Population-males, free, 2408; females, 586; males, bond, 4: total, 2998. Murray.-Acres in cultivation, 1291; horses, 1297; cattle, 60,682; sheep, 166,978. Population-males, free, 588; females, 178; males, bond, 50: total, 816.

Gipp's Land.-Acres in cultivation, 264; horses, 595; cattle, 29,191; sheep, 78,319. Population-males, free, 307; females, 71; males, bond, 20'; females, 6: total, 398.

Bourke.-Acres in cultivation, 749; horses, 348; cattle, 11,249; sheep, 73,831. Population-males, free, 362; females, 198; males, bond, 1; females, 1: total, 562. Grant.-Acres in cultivation, 867; horses, 360; cattle, 4897; sheep, 128,414. Population-males, free, 348; females, 129: total, 477.

Grand Total.-Acres in cultivation, 8043; horses, 7580; cattle, 202,170; sheep, 2,151,400. Population-males, free, 5673; females, 1635: total, 7306. Males, bond, 117; females, 2; total, bond, 119.

The increase of stock in the colony is very surprising. The following Table exhibits the numbers in the settlement each year

for six

years :

In 1851 the stock of the colony had increased to 21,219 horses, 378,806 cattle, and 6,032,783 sheep; and in 1858 the numbers were 55,683 horses, 614,532 cattle, and 4,766,022 sheep. The quantity of stock slaughtered in 1858 was 197,947 cattle, 998,824 sheep, and 25,249 pigs.

The following return shows the number of vessels (and their tonnage) which arrived and departed from Victoria during six years, from 1852 to 1857 :

The following Table shows the number of persons and places of worship belong

ing to the principal religious denominations in the years 1851 and 1857 respectively, in Victoria:

:

In the head "other Protestants," are included 10,858 Independents, 6484 Baptists, 6574 Lutherans, and 1480 Unitarians, besides 2125 belonging to minor sects. The following Table exhibits the number of post-offices, the number of letters and newspapers which passed through the General Post-office, the revenue and expenditure of the department for seven years, from 1851 to 1857 inclusive:-

In the year 1857 the number of letters delivered inland was 2,415,933, and despatched to other countries 1,484,048; the newspapers delivered inland were 1,333,439, and despatched to other countries 1,648,531.

The gold exported since 1851 has been 19,451,964 oz., of which the following are the details:-In 1851, 145, 146 oz.; 1852, 1,974,975 oz.; 1853, 4,497,723 oz.; 1854, 2,144,699 oz.; 1855, 2,576,745 oz. ; 1856, 3,003,811 oz. ; 1857, 2,729,655 oz. ; 1858, 2,536,983 oz.; 1859, 842,222 oz.; part of the year only. This makes a fair allowance for the amount carried by private hands, which is known to have been considerable previous to the legislative enactments imposing an export duty. The following are the amounts passed through the Customs:-1851, 145,137 oz.; 1853, 1,988,527 oz.; 1854, 2,144,699 oz.; 1855, 2,751,536 oz.; 1857, 762,460 oz. cording to the returns, the annual value of the gold produced during the last few years has been £11,000,000; the value of wool, £1,500,000; of agricultural crops, £2,500,000; stock fisheries products and manufactures, £5,000,000; making a gross production of £20,000,000 per annum.

Ac

The following statistics of the lands of Victoria are taken from the books in the Crown Land-office, Melbourne :

There had been sold in 1851, 99,769 acres to 77,345 persons, or about an acre and a quarter to each; at the end of 1857 there had been alienated 2,748,415 acres to 450,000 persons at the rate of six acres to each. In the year ending the 31st of March, 1857, the number of holders of purchased land was 7523. The extent of

£6,636,555

£2 12 6

£2 2 6

their holdings was 1,532,358 acres; the acres in crop were 179,982. In 1859 the holders were 11,554, the extent of holdings 2,492,443; the acres in crop were 297,055; in the same period the population had increased from 410,000 to 512,000. Recent tables demonstrate that the total amount of land alienated from the crown in Victoria in 1857 was 2,748,415 acres, and in 1859 it is upwards of 3,000,000 of acres; of this quantity, no less than 2,592,443 acres were in the hands of agriculturists, and 1,731,929 acres enclosed, and 297,055 under cultivation. The neighbouring colony of South Australia, which is, properly speaking, an agricultural colony, had, in 1857, a population of 109,917 and 235,965 acres in cultivation. The following Table exhibits the acres in cultivation during the two years 1858

and 1859:

The produce was as follows:

Wheat

Oats

There are, wheat 77,705 acres for 1857, and 87,230 acres for 1859; and oats 76,935 acres for 1859, and 40,222 for 1858.

Number of vines, 952,107; fruit sold, 3404 cwts. in 1859, 4629 in 1858; wine

produced in 1859, 7650 gallons; in 1858, 5761 gallons. Brandy manufactured, 132 gallons in 1839.

The following is a comparative view of the population and commerce of Victoria:—

The following Table gives the averages of these years :

The following is a comparative view of the number of sheep and the wool exported during 1855, from Victoria and New South Wales:

On the Trade Currency of China (with specimens of the coinage).

By Dr. MACGOWAN.

Statistics of Small-Pox and Vaccination in the United Kingdom.
By Dr. W. Moore.

During the past year, 100,000 deaths occurred in the United Kingdom, which were preventable or removeable. Of children alone, between 30,000 and 100,000 die annually from various infectious and respiratory diseases alone. According to the Registrar-General's Report for the year ending December 1858, the Registrars received 376,798 vaccination certificates, although they registered births of 655,647 children. The writer set down the deaths in England and Wales, from small-pox annually, at 4000, and 3990 cases could be cured by vaccination. Small-pox contributed no less than 30 per cent. of the mortality of Dundee. The case of Ireland was alluded to as rendering necessary a system of registration.

On Decimal Coinage. By Colonel SHORTREDE.

On Church Building in Glasgow. By JOHN STRANG, LL.D., Glasgow. From 1839 to 1849, 35 churches were erected; from 1849 to 1859, 53 churches -total, 88 churches. Of these, were erected by the Established Church, 35 by the Free Church, 17 by the United Presbyterian Church, 10 by the Independent Church, 7 by the Roman Catholic Church, and 11 by other denominations. The cost of the various churches wass-Established, £5744; Free Church, £167,698; United Presbyterian, £119,154; Independent, £59,722; Roman Catholic, £31,364; other denominations, £30,664. During the last twenty years there had been an addition in the Church accommodation of Glasgow, within its municipal limits, of no less than room for 73,625 persons, at a cost of £444,348. The increase in the population during that time was £145,000, making one sitting for every 1600 of them.

On the Past, Present, and Prospective Financial Condition of British India. By Colonel SYKES, M.P., F.R.S.

After observing that for years past the financial condition of our Indian empire had been the subject of the most conflicting statements, arising from the confusion