Ventilation.

Same subject.

Time allowance.

Deductions from wages.

Penalty.

Earnings sep

agent or any other officer who has charge of the business of a corporation or to its attorney; and in case of a foreign corporation, to the officer who has the charge of such factory or workshop; and such officer shall be personally liable for the amount of any fine if a judgment against the corporation is returned unsatisfied.

SEC. 51. A factory in which five or more persons and a workshop in which five or more women or young persons are employed shall, while work is carried on therein, be so ventilated that the air shall not become so impure as to be injurious to the health of the persons employed therein and so that all gases, vapors, dust or other impurities injurious to health, which are generated in the course of the manufacturing process or handicraft carried on therein shall, so far as practicable, be rendered harmless.

SEC. 52. If, in a workshop or factory which is within the provisions of the preceding section, any process is carried on by which dust is caused which may be inhaled to an injurious extent by the persons employed therein, and it appears to an inspector of factories and public buildings that such inhalation would be substantially diminished without unreasonable expense by the use of a fan or by other mechanical means, such fan or other mechanical means, if he so directs, shall be provided, maintained and used.

SEC. 53. A criminal prosecution shall not be instituted for any violation of the provisions of the two preceding sections unless such employer neglects, for four weeks after the receipt of a notice in writing, to make such changes in his factory or workshop as shall be ordered by an inspector of factories and public buildings. SEC. 69. Deductions shall not be made from the wages of women and minors who are paid by the day or hour, and are employed in manufacturing or mechanical establishments, for time during which the machinery is stopped, if said women and minors are refused the privilege of leaving the mill while the damage to said machinery is being repaired; and if such employees are detained in their workrooms during the time of the breaking down of machinery, they shall not be compelled to make up time lost by such breakdown unless they are compensated therefor at their regular rates of wages. Whoever violates the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not more than twenty dollars for each offense.

SEC. 70. Whoever violates a provision of this chapter for which no specific penalty is provided shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars.

CHAPTER 153.-Earnings of married women.

SECTION 4. Work and labor performed by a married woman for a arate property. person other than her husband and children shall, unless there is an express agreement on her part to the contrary, be presumed to be performed on her separate account.

Age limit of 18 years;

16 years

Penalty.

ACTS OF 1902.

CHAPTER 350.-Employment of children on elevators.

SECTION 1. All elevators for the carriage of freight or passengers, running at a speed of more than one hundred feet a minute, shall be operated by competent persons not less than eighteen years of age, and no other person shall operate or have the care or charge of such an elevator.

SEC. 2. No elevator for the carriage of freight or passengers shall be operated by or placed in charge of any person under sixteen years of age.

SEC. 3. Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of this act by operating or causing an elevator to be operated or to be taken care or charge of in any manner contrary to the provisions of this act shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense.

ACTS OF 1906.

CHAPTER 284.—Employment of children—Work on Saturdays.

Literacy de

SECTION 1. The ability to read at sight and to write legibly simple sentences in the English language, which is required by chapter fined. two hundred and sixty-seven of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and five, amending section twenty-eight of chapter one hundred and six of the Revised Laws, as a condition of the employment of certain minors in factories or otherwise, shall be construed as meaning, in the year nineteen hundred and six, such ability to read and write as is required for admission to the second grade, in the year nineteen hundred and seven such as is required for admission to the third grade, and in the year nineteen hundred and eight and thereafter such as is required for admission to the fourth grade of the public schools of the city or town in which such minors live.

Work on Sat

SEC. 2. Minors to whom the said chapter two hundred and sixty-seven applies shall be permitted to work on Saturdays be- urdays. tween the hours of six in the morning and seven in the evening, in mercantile establishments.

CHAPTER 463-PART III.—Street railways—Allowing newsboys on

cars.

SECTION 89. If a street railway company, its agent or servant, Newsboys unallows a child under the age of ten years to enter upon or into any der 10. of its cars for the purpose of selling newspapers or other articles therein or offering them for sale, it shall forfeit fifty dollars for each offense, which shall be recovered by any person by an action brought within three months after the offense has been committed. CHAPTER 499.—Employment of children—Requirements as to age. etc.-Enforcement.

Penalty.

SECTION 1. Whoever employs a minor under the age of sixteen Illegal emyears, and whoever procures or, having under his control a minor ployment. under such age, permits such minor to be employed in violation of the provisions of sections twenty-eight or twenty-nine of chapter one hundred and six of the Revised Laws, as amended by chapter two hundred and sixty-seven of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and five [relative to requirements as to age and school attendance], shall for each offense be punished by a fine of not more than three hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment; and whoever continues to employ a minor in violation of the provisions of either of said sections as so amended, after being notified thereof by a truant officer or by an inspector of factories and public buildings, shall for every day thereafter while such employment continues be punished by a fine of not less than twenty nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than six months.

SEC. 2. Inspectors of factories and public buildings shall visit all Enforcement. factories, workshops and mercantile establishments within their respective districts, and ascertain whether any minors are employed therein contrary to the provisions of chapter one hundred and six of the Revised Laws and amendments thereof or additions thereto, or contrary to the provisions of this act, and shall enter complaint against whomever is found to have violated any of said provisions. Any inspector of factories and public buildings who knowingly and willfully violates any provision of this section may be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars.

SEC. 3. A truant officer may apprehend and take to school, with- Same subject. out a warrant, any minor under the age of sixteen years who is employed in any factory, workshop or mercantile establishment in violation of the provisions of sections twenty-eight or twenty-nine

Lists may be inspected.

Jurisdiction.

No statutory exemptions.

Fee.

Employment prohibited.

Same subject.

Females not

serve.

of chapter one hundred and six of the Revised Laws, and of any amendments thereof or addition thereto, and such truant officer shall forthwith report to the police, district or municipal court or trial justice within whose judicial district the illegal employment occurs, the evidence in his possession relating to the illegal employment of any child so apprehended, and shall make complaint against whomever the court or trial justice may direct. Any truant officer who knowingly and willfully violates any provision of this section may be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars for each offense.

SEC. 4. Inspectors of factories and public buildings, and truant officers may require that the age and schooling certificates and lists of minors who are employed in factories, workshops or mercantile establishments shall be produced for their inspection. A failure to produce to an inspector of factories and public buildings or to a truant officer an age and schooling certificate or list required by law shall be prima facie evidence of the illegal employment of any person whose age and schooling certificate is not produced or whose name is not so listed. A corporation or other employer or any agent or officer thereof, who retains an age and schooling certificate in violation of the provisions of said certificate shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars.

SEC. 5. Police, district and municipal courts and trial justices shall have jurisdiction of offenses arising under the provisions of this act. A summons or warrant issued by any such court or justice may be served, at the. discretion of the court or magistrate, by an inspector of factories and public buildings, or by a truant officer, or by any officer qualified to serve criminal process.

MICHIGAN.

COMPILED LAWS OF 1897.

Judgments for wages of female employees—Exemptions—Attorney's fee.

SECTION 900. No property, except as exempted by the State constitution, shall be exempt from levy or sale, under an execution, issued upon a judgment obtained before any justice of the peace, for work, labor, or services done or performed by any woman, when such amount does not exceed the sum of twenty-five dollars, exclusive of costs. * In addition to all other costs allowed by law, the plaintiff in any such suit shall recover an attorney's fee of five dollars,

*

Employment of females in barrooms, etc.

SECTION 5361. No person shall employ any girl or woman as barkeeper, or to serve liquors, or to furnish music, or for dancing in any saloon, or barroom where spirituous or intoxicating liquors, or malt, brewed or fermented liquors are sold or kept for sale.

SEC. 5362. No girl or woman shall be employed to tend bar, serve liquors, to dance or furnish music in any saloon or barroom where spirituous or intoxicating liquors, or malt, brewed or fermented liquors are sold or kept for sale.

SEC. 5363. No keeper or proprietor of a saloon where spirituous permitted to or intoxicating liquors or malt, brewed or fermented liquors are sold or kept for sale shall permit any girl or woman to tend bar, serve liquors, dance or furnish music for hire in his saloon or barroom: Provided, That this act shall not be so construed as to prevent the wife or other females who are bona fide members of the family of a proprietor of a saloon from tending bar or serving liquors in his saloon.

Proviso.

SEC. 5364. Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not to exceed fifty dollars and costs of prosecution, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a term not to exceed thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

Seats for female employees.

Penalty.

Seats to be

SECTION 5373. All persons who employ females, in stores, shops, offices or manufactories, as clerks, assistants, operatives or helpers provided. in any business, trade or occupation carried on or operated by them, shall be required to procure and provide proper and suitable seats for all such females, and shall permit the use of such seats, rests or stools as may be necessary, and shall not make any rules, regulations or orders preventing the use of such stools or seats, when such female employees are not actively employed in their work in such business or employment.

SEC. 5374. If any employer of female help shall neglect or refuse to provide seats as provided in this act, or shall make any rules, orders or regulations in their shops, stores or other places of business requiring females to remain standing when not necessarily employed in service or labor therein, they shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof in any court of competent jurisdiction shall be liable to a fine therefor, in a sum not to exceed twenty-five dollars, with costs, in the discretion of the court.

Certain employments of children forbidden.

Penalty.

SECTION 5553. Any person having the care, custody, or control Acrobatic, of any child under sixteen years of age, who shall exhibit, use or mendicant, etc., occupations. employ, or who shall apprentice, give away, let out or otherwise dispose of any such child to any person in or for the vocation, service or occupation of rope or wire walking, gymnast, contortionist, rider, or acrobat, dancing or begging, in any place whatsoever, or for any obscene, indecent, or immoral purpose, exhibition or practice whatsoever, or for any exhibition injurious to the health or dangerous to the life or limb of such child, or who shall cause, procure, or encourage such child to engage therein, and any person who shall take, receive, hire, employ, use, exhibit, or have in custody any such child for any of the purposes mentioned in this section, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sales, etc., of books.

SEC. 5557. Any person who shall sell, give away, or in any way furnish to any minor child any book, pamphlet, or other printed certain paper or other thing, containing obscene language, or obscene prints, pictures, figures or descriptions tending to the corruption of the morals of youth, or any newspapers, pamphlets or other printed paper devoted to the publication of criminal news, police reports, or criminal deeds, and any person who shall in any manner hire, use, or employ such child to sell, give away, or in any manner Employing distribute such books, pamphlets, or printed papers, and any per- children son having the care, custody, or control of any such child, who shall permit him or her to engage in any such employment, shall on conviction thereof be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

ACTS OF 1899.

sell.

to

ACT No. 202.-Employment of women at polishing and grinding.

Employment

SECTION 7 (added by act No. 172, Acts of 1905). No female shall be employed in operating or using any of the wheels or belts prohibited. specified in section one of this act [wheels or emery belts of any description, * * * either leather, leather covered, felt, canvas paper, cotton or wheels or belts rolled or coated with emery or corundum, or cotton, wheels used as buffs].

Hours of labor.

Employments prohibited.

Night work

Dangerous employments.

Physical fit

ness.

ACTS OF 1901.

ACT No. 113.-Employment of children.

SECTION 1 (as amended by act No. 169, Acts of 1907). No male under the age of eighteen years and no female shall be employed in any manufacturing establishment in this State for a longer period than sixty hours in any one week, unless for the purpose of making necessary repairs to machinery in order to avoid the stoppage of the ordinary running of such establishments, and no male under the age of eighteen years and no female shall be employed in any store in the State, employing more than ten persons, for a longer period than sixty hours in any one week: Provided, That no more than ten hours shall be exacted from such male minor or female on any day unless for the purpose of making a shorter workday on the last day of the week.

SEC. 2 (as amended by act No. 169, Acts of 1907). No child under the age of twenty-one years shall be employed, permitted or suffered to work in any theater, concert hall or place of amusement where intoxicating liquors are sold, and no child under the age of fourteen years shall be employed in any mercantile institution, store, office, hotel, laundry, manufacturing establishment, passenger or freight elevator, factory or workshop, telegraph or messenger service within this State. It shall be the duty of every person employing children to keep a register in which shall be recorded the name, birthplace, age and place of residence of every person employed by him or her under the age of sixteen years and that no child shall be employed between the hours of six o'clock p. m. and seven o'clock a. m. in any manufacturing establishment or workshop in this State and it shall be unlawful for any mercantile institution, store, office, hotel, laundry, manufacturing establishment, workshop, telegraph or messenger service or any persons coming within the provisions of this act to hire or employ any child under the age of sixteen years without there is first provided and placed on file a sworn statement made by the parent or guardian, stating the age, date and place of birth of said child and that the child can read and write the English language: Provided, however, That if said child has been born in a foreign country, not having been a resident of the United States for three years prior to the application for permit to be employed between the age of fourteen and sixteen years a permit shall be issued to said child upon proof that said child can read and write. If said child has no parent or guardian then said statement shall be made by the child, which statement shall be kept on file by the employer, and be returned to the child upon leaving his employ, and which said register and statement shall be produced for inspection on demand of any factory inspector appointed under this act: Provided further, That in the city of Detroit and the city of Grand Rapids all sworn statements shall be made before a deputy factory inspector.

SEC. 3. No female under the age of twenty-one years and no male under the age of eighteen years shall be employed by any person, firm or corporation at employment whereby his or her life or limb is endangered, or health likely to be injured, or his or her morals may be depraved by such employment and that no such male or female shall be allowed to clean machinery while in motion.

The employment of a minor in violation of this statute is negligence, and the employee does not assume the risk of injury. 105 N. W. Rep. 755.

SEC. 4. Factory inspectors shall have power to demand a certificate of physical fitness from the county physician, who shall make such examination free of charge, in the case of persons who seem physically unable to perform the labor at which they may be employed, and shall have power to prohibit the employment of any person that can not obtain such a certificate: Provided, This section shall not apply except to children under sixteen years of age.