antemeridian; and no child under the age of twelve years shall be employed in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mining operation in this Commonwealth; and any owner, agent, superintendent, overseer, foreman, or manager of any manufacturing, mechanical, or mining operation who shall knowingly employ, or permit to be employed, in the operation of which he is owner, agent, superintendent, overseer, foreman, or manager any child contrary to the provisions of this act, and any parent or guardian who allows or consents to such employment of his child or ward, shall, upon conviction of such offense, be fined not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars.

Certain employments of children forbidden.

** *

Age limit.

Acrobatic,

SECTION 3795a. (2) It shall be unlawful for any person having the care, custody, or control of any child under the age mendicant. etc., occupations. of fourteen years to sell, apprentice, give away, let, or hire out, or otherwise dispose of such child to any person in or for the vocation or occupation, service, or purpose of rope or wire walking, begging or peddling, or as a gymnast, contortionist, rider, or acrobat in any place whatsoever, or for any obscene, indecent, or immoral purpose, exhibition, or practice whatsoever, or for or in any business, exhibition, or vocation injurious to the health or morals or danger ous to the life or limb of such child, or cause, procure, encourage, or permit any such child to engage therein.

(3) It shall also be unlawful for any person to take, receive, hire, employ, use, exhibit, or have in custody any child under the age aforesaid for any of the purposes prohibited in the second section of this act.

(6) Whenever any person or persons having the care or custody of any child within the age previously mentioned in this act shall engage, hire out, or use such child in or for any business, exhibition, vocation, or purpose prohibited in this act, or shall permit the use of such child therefor, and shall be convicted of the same, the court or magistrate before whom such conviction is had may at his discretion if he should think it desirable for the welfare of such child deprive the person or persons so convicted of the custody of such child, and thereafter such child shall be deemed in the custody of the court, and thereupon such proceedings shall be had as to the commitment, custody, care, and education of such child as are provided for in section five of this act [for vagrant or destitute children].

(7) A person convicted under any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars or by imprisonment in jail not exceeding twelve months or both.

(8) In this act the word "person" shall be construed to include corporations, partnerships, companies, and associations, as well as individuals.

WASHINGTON.

CODES AND STATUTES OF 1897.

Employment of women and children in mines.

SECTION 3172. No boy under the age of fourteen years, and no Employment female of any age, shall be employed or permitted to be in any prohibited. mine for the purpose of employment therein, nor shall a boy under the age of twelve years be employed or permitted to be in or about the outside structures or workings of a colliery for the purpose of employment: Provided, however, That this prohibition shall not affect the employment of a boy of suitable age in an office or in the performance of clerical work at a colliery. When an employer is in doubt as to the age of any boy applying for employment in or about a mine or colliery, he shall demand and receive proof of the age of such boy by certificate from the parents or guardian of such boy before he shall be employed.

Sex not a bar.

Ser no disqualification for employment.

SECTION 3322. ** Every avenue of employment shall be open to women; and any business, vocation, profession, and calling followed and pursued by men may be followed and pursued by women, and no person shall be disqualified from engaging in or pursuing any business, vocation, profession, calling, or employment on account of sex: Provided, That this section shall not be construed so as to permit women to hold public office.

Earnings of married women.

Earnings sepSECTION 4493. A wife may receive the wages of her personal arate property. labor, and maintain an action therefor in her own name, and hold the same in her own right, and she may prosecute and defend all actions at law for the preservation and protection of her rights and property as if unmarried.

Payments to

minors when.

Earnings of minors.

SECTION 4583. When a contract for the personal services of a valid, minor has been made with him alone, and those services are afterwards performed, payment made therefor to such minor in accordance with the terms of the contract is a full satisfaction for those services, and the parents or guardian can not recover therefor.

Employment prohibited.

Seats to be provided.

Limit of ten hours.

Seats to be provided.

Employment of women in saloons.

SECTION 7258. No female person shall be employed in any ca pacity in any saloon, beer hall, barroom, theater, or place of amusement, where intoxicating liquors are sold as a beverage, and any person or corporation convicted of so employing, or of participating in so employing, any such female person shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars; and any person so convicted may be imprisoned in the county jail for a period of not less than six months.

Seats for female employees.

SECTION 7287. It shall be the duty of every agent, proprietor, superintendent, or employer of female help in stores, offices, or schools within the State of Washington, to provide for each and every such employee a chair, stool, or seat, upon which such female worker or workers shall be allowed to rest when their duties will permit, or when such rest shall or does not interfere with a faithful discharge of their incumbent duties. A violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by any court of competent jurisdiction shall subject the person offending to a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars.

ACTS OF 1901.

CHAPTER CS.--Employment of women.

SECTION 1. No female shall be employed in any mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel or restaurant in this State more than ten hours during any day. The hours of work may be so arranged as to permit the employment of females at any time so that they shall not work more than ten hours during the twenty-four.

This provision is constitutional. 70 Pac. Rep. 52.

SEC. 2. Every employer in establishments where females are employed shall provide suitable seats for them and shall permit the use of such seats by them when they are not engaged in the active duties for which they are employed.

SEC. 3. Any employer, overseer, superintendent, or other agent of Penalty. any such employer who shall violate any of the provisions of this act, shall, upon conviction thereof be fined for each offense in a sum not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars.

ACTS OF 1903.

CHAPTER 135.-Night work of children in bakeries.`

* * *

Night

work

Penalty.

SECTION 9. No employer shall require, permit or suffer any person under sixteen years of age to work in his bake shop between the hours forbidden. of eight o'clock in the evening and five o'clock in the morning. SEC. 10. Any person who violates the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof before any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be fined not less than twentyfive nor more than fifty dollars or imprisoned not more than ten days for the first offense; and shall be fined not less than fifty nor more than one hundred dollars and imprisoned not less than ten nor more than thirty days for each offense after the first.

ACTS OF 1905.

CHAPTER 162.-Employment of children.

SECTION 1. All parents, guardians and other persons in this State School attendhaving or who may hereafter have immediate custody of any child ance required. from eight to fifteen years of age shall cause such child to attend the public schools of the district in which the child resides for the full time in which such school may be in session, or private school for the same time, unless the child is physically or mentally unable to attend, has already attained a reasonable proficiency in the branches required by law to be taught in the first eight grades of public schools in this State or provided by the course of study of the said school, is otherwise being furnished with the same education, or has been excused from such attendance for some other sufficient reason by the superintendent of the schools of the district in which the child resides, if there be such a superintendent, or, in all other cases, by the county superintendent of common schools.

time.

SEC. 2. No child under the age of fifteen years shall be employed in Employ ment any manufacturing, mechanical or other mercantile establishment, or during school by any telegraph or telephone company, or by any other corporation in this State during the time in which the public schools of the district in which such child resides are in session, unless the said child shall present a certificate from a school superintendent, as provided for in Certificates. section one of this act, excusing the said child from attendance in the public schools and setting forth the reason for such excuse, the residence and age of the child, and the time for which such excuse is given. Every owner, superintendent, or overseer of any establishment, corporation or company employing any such child shall keep such certificate on file so long as such child is employed by him or her. The form of said certificate shall be furnished by the superintendent of public instruction.

Penalty.

SEC. 3. Any person violating the provisions of the two preceding sections shall be fined not more than twenty-five dollars. Attendance officers shall make complaint for violations of the provisions of this act to a justice of the peace or to the judge of the superior court. SEC. 4. * * *The attendance officer shall be vested with police Enforcement. powers, the authority to make arrests and serve all legal processes contemplated by this act, and shall have authority to enter all stores, mills, shops or other places in which children may be employed, for the purpose of making such investigations as may be necessary to the enforcement of this act. * * *

Messenger serv

ice.

labor.

ACTS OF 1907.

CHAPTER 128.-Employment of children—Age limit.

SECTION 1. No person under the age of nineteen years shall be employed as a public messenger by any person, telegraph company, telephone company, or messenger company in any city of the first class in this State, nor shall any child of either sex under the age of Factory, etc., fourteen years be hired out to labor in any factory, mill, workshop, or store at any time: Provided, That any superior court judge may issue a permit for the employment of any child between the ages of twelve and fourteen years at any occupation, not in his judgment, dangerous or injurious to the health or morals of such child, upon evidence satisfactory to him, that the labor of such child is necessary for its support or for the assistance of any parent: And, provided, further, That the judge of the juvenile court may issue permits for the employment of any male child over fourteen years of age, as messenger by telegraph, telephone and messenger companies subject to such limitations and conditions as may be imposed by said court. All permits herein provided for shall be issued for a definite time and shall be revocable at the discretion of the judge by whom issued.

Violations.

School attendance required.

Employment.

Certificates.

Violations.

SEC. 2. Any employer, or any overseer, superintendent, or agent of such person, telegraph company, telephone company or messenger company who shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined for each offense not less than ten dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not to exceed six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

CHAPTER 231.-Employment of children-School attendance.

SECTION 1. All parents, guardians and other persons in this State having or who may hereafter have immediate custody of any child between eight and fifteen years of age shall cause such child to attend the public schools of the district in which the child resides for the full time which such school may be in session, or shall attend a private school for the same time, unless the child is physically or mentally unable to attend school, has already attained a reasonable proficiency in the branches required by law to be taught in the first eight grades of public schools of this State as provided by the course of study of the said school, is otherwise being furnished with the same education, or has been excused from such attendance for some other sufficient reason, by the superintendent of the schools of the district in which the child resides, if there be such a superintendent, and, in all other cases, by the county superintendent of common schools. Proof of absence from public school or approved private school shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of this section.

SEC. 2. No child under the age of fifteen years shall be employed for any person by any corporation, person or association of persons in this State during the hours which the public schools of the district in which such child resides are in session, unless the said child shall present a certificate from a school superintendent, as provided for in section one of this act, excusing the said child from attendance in the public schools and setting forth the reason for such excuse, the residence and age of the child, and the time for which such excuse is given. Every owner, superintendent, or overseer of any establishment, corporation, company or person employing any such child shall keep such certificate on file so long as such child is employed by him, her or it. The form of said certificate shall be furnished by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. Proof that any child under fifteen years of age is employed during any part of the period in which public schools of the district are in session, shall be deemed prima facie evidence of a violation of this section.

SEC. 3. Any person violating any of the provisions of either of the two preceding sections shall be fined not more than twenty-five dollars. Attendance officers shall make complaint for violation of the provisions of this act, to a justice of the peace or to a judge of the superior court.

WEST VIRGINIA.

CODE-EDITION OF 1899.

CHAPTER 66.-Earnings of married women.

Earnings sepa

SECTION 12. The earnings of a married woman, or any and all property, real and personal, purchased by her with the proceeds of such rate property. earnings, shall in all cases be her sole and separate property, and shall not be subject to the control or disposal of her husband nor liable for his debts. And the separate personal property of every married woman shall be liable to the payment of her debts contracted during the coverture, as well after the coverture is terminated as during its continuance.

APPENDIX.

Employment of women and children in mines.

(Page 1053.)

SECTION 13. No boy under twelve years of age, nor female person of Employment any age, shall be permitted to work in any coal mine, and in all cases of prohibited. doubt, the parents or guardians of such boys shall furnish affidavits of

their ages.

*

* *

thirteen
*

* *

SEC. 17. The operator or agent of any coal mine, who shall willfully Penalty. neglect or refuse to perform the duties required of him by any section of this act, or who shall violate any of the provisions hereof, and any person who shall neglect or refuse to perform the duties required of him by sections * or who shall violate any of the provisions thereof, * * shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars; in default of payment of such fine and costs for the space of ten days, the defendant may in the discretion of the court, be imprisoned in the county jail for a period not exceeding

three months.

SEC. 18. The provisions of this act shall apply only to coal mines in Application of which ten or more persons are employed in a period of twenty-four law.

hours.

Employment of children.

(Act, page 1055, as amended by chapter 75, Acts of 1905.)

SECTION 1. No minor, male or female, under the age of twelve years Age limit. shall be employed for wages or otherwise in any mine, factory, workshop, mercantile or manufacturing establishment where goods or wares are made or sold, and no such minor under the age of fourteen years shall be employed during the free school term of the district in which such child resides: Provided, however, That this section shall not be construed to apply if such employment will not interfere with the regular attendance Employment at the school of such minor. And in all cases of minors applying for time. work it shall be the duty of the manager, superintendent, foreman or operator, to see that the provisions of this section are complied with.

during

SEC. 2. Any manager, superintendent, foreman or operator in any Penalty. mine, factory, workshop, mercantile or manufacturing establishment, and parents and guardians, allowing any child to work in violation of section one of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty dollars for each and every offense.

school

SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of the prosecuting attorney to enforce the Enforcement. provisions of this act, and to prosecute the violations of the same before any magistrate or court of competent jurisdiction in this State, and it shall be the duty of the commissioner of labor to report all violations of this act to the prosecuting attorney.