shall not apply to children between the ages of fourteen and sixteen working in any store, between the hours of seven in the morning and nine in the afternoon, but no such child shall be employed in any store for a longer period than ten hours in any one day, nor more than six days in any one week, or a total of fifty-five hours during each week. SEC. 1728d (as amended by chapter 523, Acts of 1907). It shall be the duty of the commissioner of labor, the factory or assistant factory inspectors to enforce the provisions of this act, and to prosecute violations of the same before any court of competent jurisdiction in this State. It shall be the duty of the said commissioners of labor, or the factory or assistant factory inspectors, and they are hereby authorized and empowered to visit and inspect, at all reasonable times, and as often as possible, all places covered by this act.

SEC. 1728e (as amended by chapter 523, Acts of 1907). The commissioner of labor, the factory or assistant factory inspectors, may refuse to grant permits in the case of children who may seem physically unable to perform the labor at which they may be employed.

Enforcement.

Certificates refused, when.

Elevators.

SEC. 1728f (as amended by chapter 523, Acts of 1907). No person, firm or corporation shall employ or permit any child under sixteen years of age to have the care, custody, management or operation of any elevator. SEC. 1728g (as amended by chapter 523, Acts of 1907). The words Definitions. "manufacturing establishment, "factory" or "workshop," as used in this act, shall be construed to mean any place where goods or products are manufactured or repaired, dyed, cleaned or assorted, stored or packed, in whole or in part, for sale or for wages, and not for the personal use of the maker for his or her family or employer.

SEC. 1728h (as amended by chapter 523, Acts of 1907). Any person, Violations. firm or corporation, agent or manager of any corporation who, whether for himself or for such firm or corporation or by himself or through agents, servants, or foreman, shall violate or fail to comply with any of the provisions of this act, or shall hinder or delay the commissioner of labor, the factory or assistant factory inspectors, or any or either of them in the performance of their duty, or refuse to admit or shut or lock them out from any place required to be inspected by this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense, or by imprisonment in the county jail not longer than thirty days.

2. Any corporation which, by its agents, officers or servants, shall Corporations. violate or fail to comply with any of the above provisions of this act shall be liable to the above penalties, which may be recovered against such corporations in action for debt or assumpsit brought before any court of competent jurisdiction.

SEC. 1728i (as amended by chapter 523, Acts of 1907). Any parent Parents. or guardian, who suffers or permits a child to be employed, or suffered or permitted to work, in violation of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than five nor more than twenty-five dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not longer than thirty days.

SEC. 1728j (as amended by chapter 523, Acts of 1907). When in any Evidence. proceeding in any court under this section there is any doubt as to the age of any child, a verified baptismal certificate or a duly attested birth certificate shall be produced and filed with the court. In case such certificates can not be secured, upon proof of such fact, the record of age stated in the first school enrollment of such child shall be admissible as evidence thereof.

Female messengers.

SECTION 1728k. No female under eighteen years of age shall be employed as a messenger by any telegraph or telephone company, firm or corporation or by any company, firm, corporation or individual engaged in similar business.

Girls under 18.

Whoever violates the provisions of this act shall be punished by a Penalty. fine of not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than two hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than six months.

Seats for female employees.

Seats to be SECTION 17281. Every person or corporation employing females in any provided. manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment in the State of Wisconsin shall provide suitable seats for the females so employed, and shall permit the use of such seats by them when they are not necessarily engaged in the active duties for which they are employed. Any person or corporation who shall violate the provisions of this act shall, upon conviction thereof, be considered guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars, nor more than thirty dollars for each and every offense.

Penalty.

Acrobatic occupations.

Penalty.

Earnings separate property.

when.

Certain employments of children forbidden.

SECTION 17280. No license shall be granted for a theatrical exhibition or public show in which children under fifteen years of age are employed as acrobats, contortionists or in any feats of gymnastics or equestrianism, when in the opinion of the board of officers authorized to grant licenses such children are employed in such manner as to corrupt their morals or impair their physical health.

Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall, upon conviction, be fined in a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars.

Earnings of married women.

SECTION 2343. The individual earnings of every married woman, except those accruing from labor performed for her husband, or in his employ or payable by him, shall be her separate property and shall not be subject to her husband's control or liable for his debts.

A married woman may contract with a firm of which her husband is a member to run a boarding house for a share of the profits though she has no separate estate. 68 Wis. 572.

Earnings of minors.

Earnings be- SECTION 2344a. During any time when, by reason of abandonment, long to minor, drunkenness or profligacy, a parent of a minor shall neglect or refuse to provide for his support, or for his support and education, the earnings of such minor shall be his sole property as against such parent or any creditor of such parent.

Obscene and

ployments.

Certain employments of children forbidden.

SECTION 4587a. Any person having the care, custody or control of immoralem- any child under the age of fourteen years who shall exhibit, use or employ, or in any manner or under any pretense sell, apprentice, give away, let out or otherwise dispose of such child to any person for any obscene, indecent or immoral purpose, exhibition or practice, or for any business, exhibition or vocation injurious to the health or dangerous to the life or limb of such child, or who shall cause, procure or encourage any such child to engage therein, and any person who shall take, receive, hire, employ, use, exhibit or have in custody any such child for any such purpose shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months or by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by both imprisonment and fine.

Employment prohibited.

WYOMING.
CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE 9.-Employment of women and children in mines.

SECTION 3. No boy under the age of fourteen years and no woman or girl of any age shall be employed or permitted to be in or about any coal, iron or other dangerous mines for the purpose of employment therein: Provided, however, This provision shall not affect the employment of a boy or female of suitable age in an office or in the performance of clerical work at such mine or colliery.

REVISED STATUTES-1899.

Certain employments of children forbidden-Employment of
women and children in mines.

SECTION 2289. It shall be unlawful for any person having the care, custody or control of any child under the age of fourteen years to exhibit, use or employ, or in any manner, or under any pretense, sell, apprentice, give away, let out or otherwise dispose of any such child to any person, in or for the vocation or occupation, service or purpose of singing, playing on musical instruments, dancing, rope or wire walking, begging or peddling, or as a gymnast, contortionist, rider or acrobat, in any place whatsoever; or as an actor or performer in any concert hall or room where intoxicating liquors are sold or given away, or in any variety theater, or for any illegal, obscene, indecent or immoral purpose, exhibition or practice whatsoever; or for or in any business exhibition or vocation, injurious to the health or dangerous to the life or limb of such child, or cause, procure or encourage such child to engage therein. Nothing in this section contained shall apply to or affect the employment or use of any child as a singer or musician in any church, school or academy, or at any respectable entertainment, or the teaching or learning the science or practice of music. It shall be unlawful for any person to take, receive, hire, employ, use, exhibit or have in custody any child, under the age, and for the purposes prohibited in this section.

Acrobatic, mendicant, etc., occupations.

SEC. 2295. Any person who shall take, receive, hire or employ, either Employment in his or her own behalf, or as the agent, servant or employee of any in mines. person, persons, association of persons, copartnership, company, corporation, any boy or male child under the age of fourteen years, or any woman or girl of any age, or shall allow or permit the said persons to be in or about any coal, iron or other dangerous mine, or underground works or dangerous place whatsoever in this State, for the purpose of employment therein or thereabouts, shall be fined not less than twentyfive dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars to which may be added imprisonment in the county jail not more than six months: Provided, however, That the provisions of this section shall not affect or apply to the employment of a boy or female of suitable age in an office, or in the performance of clerical work at such mine, colliery or place.

Earnings of married women.

SECTION 2976. Any married woman may

* * *

perform any Earnings seplabor or services on her sole and separate account and the earnings of arate property. any married woman from her labor or services, shall be her

* *

*

whole and separate property and may be used and intrusted by her in her own name, and she may sue and be sued as if sole in regard to her labor, services and earnings, *

*

*

*

*

ACTS OF 1901.

*

CHAPTER 33.-Seats for female employees.

SECTION 1. Every person or corporation employing females in any Seats to be promanufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment in the State vided. of Wyoming shall provide suitable seats for females so employed, and shall permit the use of such seats by them when they are not necessarily engaged in the active duties for which they are employed.

SEC. 2. Any person or corporation who shall violate the provisions Penalty. of this act shall, upon conviction thereof, be considered guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars, nor more than thirty dollars for each and every offense.

ACTS OF 1903.

CHAPTER 35.-Mining regulations-Engineers.

*

SECTION 8. No person * * under eighteen years of age shall Hoisting enbe employed as hoisting engineer. gineers.

Age limit.

UNITED STATES.

ACTS OF 1890-91.

CHAPTER 564.-Employment of children in mines.

SECTION 12. No child under twelve years of age shall be employed in the underground workings of any mine. And no father or other person shall misrepresent the age of anybody so employed. Any per son guilty of violating the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not to exceed one hundred dollars.

[This section applies to coal mines in the Territories of the United States, unless superseded by act of Territorial legislature, certified by the governor of the Territory to the Secretary of the Interior.]

LAWS RELATING TO FACTORY INSPECTION AND THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF EMPLOYEES.

The Bureau of Labor published in the year 1904 a compilation of labor laws of the United States, including all legislation up to the close of the year 1903. In the four years that have elapsed since then a number of States have revised or supplemented their laws on the subject of factory inspection and provision for the safety of employees, so that the agents and experts of the Bureau employed in the investigation relating to the employment of women and children, to whom the regulations governing the employment of labor in factories are of frequent importance, found the earlier compilation incomplete, and it is in part to meet the demands of this investigation that the present revision has been prepared.

Besides this, there is a considerable general interest in the subject of safeguarding the employees in the manufacturing establishments of our country; while the activity of many of the countries of Europe in the direction of securing international agreements and regulations on this subject makes it desirable to collate for comparative purposes the laws of all industrial countries thereon.

The same rule as to omitting superseded statutes that was followed in the compilation of the laws relating to the employment of women and children has been followed here. Available notes on court

decisions are presented.

Some laws or parts of laws that would otherwise be reproduced in this group of laws also have place in the foregoing compilation, since they relate only to minor and female employees in factories. It has not seemed necessary to duplicate such matter where it was clearly separable from general inspection laws. Each compilation is indexed separately.

ALABAMA.

ACTS OF 1907.

ACT No. 278.-Inspection of cotton mills.

SECTION 1. There is hereby created the office of inspector of jails Inspector. and almshouses and the inspector shall be a practicing physician in good standing, learned in the science of sanitation and hygiene and shall be appointed by the governor, and shall hold his office for a term

of four years from the date of his appointment.

SEC. 2. The salary of the inspector shall be twenty-four hundred Salary. dollars ($2,400) annually, and in addition to his salary, he shall be paid his necessary traveling expenses to be paid as the salaries of other State officers are paid.